State Of Desertification Research Articles

Monitoring of dynamic state of pasture plant cover in Kashkadarya Basin

This article gives information about the ecological situation in the areas where scientific research has been conducted in recent times. In particular, the state of desertification of the foothill pastures of the Kashkadarya region of Southern Uzbekistan is highlighted. Also, information about the cases of ephemeris and ephemeroids not completing the vegetation process as a result of grazing cattle in the pasture, and the representatives of the weeds spread in the pastures were shown. The wide spread of weed seeds, the presence of indicator species in the territories where they appear, and their levels of occurrence are also highlighted in the work. The dependence of germination levels on the pastures of the Kashkadarya basin on climatic factors and the long duration of drought was analyzed. From this point of view, it is very important to determine the rules, norms and standards for the use of pastures, their reproduction and restoration. Restrictions and bans on the use of pastures, arbitrary use of pastures, prevention and eradication of vegetation are relevant today. The main goal is to conduct an inventory of pastures, carry out geobotanical inspection of pastures, monitor pastures, use pastures, and conduct scientific and financial activities for their reproduction.

Studying the Environmental Changes Using Remote Sensing and GIS

The research aims to monitor environmental changes and study the state of desertification in the northeastern part of the Al-Najaf province, Iraq. The study area suffers from desertification and drought phenomena. Remote sensing systems "RS" and geographic information systems "GIS" are essential for monitoring environmental changes because they provide Earth observation satellites that contribute to detecting environmental changes. Two Sentinel 2 images were acquired on December 26, 2015, and November 29, 2021. The images were combined and used for indices calculations. Normalized vegetation difference index "NDVI,” Normalized difference index "NDWI," soil exposure index "BSI," and Normalized difference index "NDBI." The results showed that the extent of desertification in the study area began to increase during the study period. Also, the results of change detection showed that the study area became very dry, especially in the western part, suffering from dunes, barren land, and a lack of water sources, especially in the western part of the study area.

Spectral indicators to detect the manifestations of desertification on farmland in Makhmour District

This study deals with the use of geographic information systems and remote sensing using spectral indicators to detect the manifestations of desertification on farmland in Makhmour District. The study aimed to investigate and monitor the indicators of desertification of agricultural lands in the study area using modern technologies in monitoring and evaluating the phenomenon of desertification and its effects on agricultural lands for a period of twenty-eight years by employing some indicators such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalize difference water index (NDWI) and Vegetation Moisture index(VMI) and Land Surface Temperature index (LST). The results of the study showed a deterioration of the deterioration of the vegetation cover, especially in the central and southern regions of the study, noting the spread of vegetation and agricultural cover in 1998, and decreased vegetation and agricultural cover gradually in the rest of the years and in 2016 we find that the vegetation and agriculture in The study also contributed to the creation of a database and maps on the state of desertification and its extension. In m Clunk study for four different periods (1988, 1998,2008,2016).

КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ОПУСТЫНИВАНИЯ ПРИКАСПИЙСКОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ

The relevance of this article is represented by interest in the mapping of desertification processes for the inventory of natural resources in the context of aridization. The purpose of the study is to compile one map or a series of maps for analyzing the natural environment in dynamics. In the latter case, three maps are necessary: the background level, the current state of desertification and the risk of desertification in the future. The method of integrated environmental mapping for the creation of maps of environmental situations allows identifying environmental problems, i. e. negative changes in the natural environment caused by anthropogenic activities and determining their spatial localization. The main advantage of the methodology is that it allows the presentation of initial information in cartographic form, both in the presence of quantitative data and in the absence of them. According to the results of the work carried out, it is clear that in the south-western part of the Russian Federation the problem of desertification is urgent. More than 4 % of the territory of southern Russia is very susceptible to desertification. Drawing conclusions from the studies carried out, the maps of the current state and danger of desertification are necessary materials for the planning of environmental protection and resource management.

Quantitative mapping of desertification risk using the modified MEDALUS model: a case study in the Mazayejan Plain, Southwest Iran

This paper presents the Modified MEDALUS (MMEDALUS) approach, a quantitative assessment of desertification, in the case study area located in the Southern part of Iran. Six main factors of desertification including: soil, climate, plant cover, management, erosion state and ground water situation were considered for the model approach. Then several sub-factors determining the quality of each main factor were quantified according to their quality and weighted on a scale between 1.0 and 2.0. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) software to analyze and prepare the spatial distribution of the factor layers. Subsequently, the final desertification hazard map was prepared by combining the different MEDALUS factors in Arc GIS 10.3 in order to define the final hazard classes on the basis of hazard scores based on the geometric mean of the main factors. The MEDALUS and MMEDALUS models show the "Desertification Potential" that in turn was validated with the current state of desertification observed in the field. The results show that the applied MMEDALUS approach yield significantly better results than the MEDALUS model in the study area. The results also show that the areas under severe and very severe hazard are the most extensive classes in the desertification map. Thus, we illustrate that most of the study area is sensitive to desertification. However, we highlight that management, climate and water table qualities were the most important indicators affecting the desertification processes, while soil quality seems to play a minor role in our study area.

Current Situation and Control of Rocky Desertification in Qian nan Mountainous Area of Guizhou Province

Dushan county, Guizhou province, is located in the southernmost tip of Guizhou province. It belongs to the temperate climate of the subtropical region and is one of the centers of the karst east Asia area. The total area of the county is 242220 hectares, of which 169142 hectares are rocky desertifi cation or endangered desertification state. At present, the problem of rocky desertification has seriously affected the ecological environment of the county, which is one of the important factors that restrict the local social living standard and economic development. Therefore, it is of great significance to promote the social and economic development of the county by investigating and analyzing the spatial differentiation rules, present situation and harm of rocky desertification in Dushan county.

Desertification of landscapes in low mountainous and plain sloping foothills of Kur depression

As the result of utilization of modern landscapes for various purpose in low mountainous and plain sloping foothills (39.7%) of Kur depression (4036644 hectares) some desertification factors and desertification holes occurred and the danger of degradation of landscapes has increased. In this regard, there is a great need to explore the current state of desertification in the area. The main objective of the research is to determine the current state of the desertification process, mapping and defining the landscape areas that are subject to desertification in Kur mountainous lowland. Route-sectoral, comparison, evaluation, statistical interpretation, satellite image decoding methods and ArcGis software were used during the research. Particularly semi-stratified research methods for the determination of desertification indicators, desertification types and desertification rates have played a speci-al role. The following key findings were obtained during the research: Based on ArcGIS statistical analysis of databases of large scale electronic desalination maps that we have compiled, the areas of desertification of landscapes for the total area and separated physical-geographical regions have been identified and quantitative indicators have been compared. 46.1% of the landscape complex of the study area was not affected by desertification in practice. Deserted complexes at various levels make up 53.9% of the total area. Geographical distribution of desertification territories in the area depends on the characteristics of natural and anthropogenic desertification factors and the structural-genetic characteristics of landscapes. Development of desertification in the region is largely caused by active natural exodynamic processes in semi-desert, dry-steppe, arid-sparse forests and bush. In the modern landscape of the study area, sometimes all categories of desertification are observed within a landscape unit. The scientific achievements of the research. - For the first time, the area of deserted landscapes has been identified by indicators of desertification in terrain landscapes and factors that led to the formation and development of desertification habitats. - It was determined that 11.5% of landscapes were slightly, 16.1% moderately and 26.3% severely deserted in the study area. - NDVI Index based on LANDSAT-8 satellite images (2017) of the area is determined during separation of desertification holes and degradation rates in landscapes. Practical implications. The results obtained in the research can be used in landscape planning, preparation of meliorative action plans, efficient use of natural resources and implementation of a number of agricultural and environmental projects.

Sand Dune Stabilization by Hydrated Lime

Formation and movement of sand dunes could be considered the most important problems thatsafer and destroy agricultural lands, domestic and industrial buildings. These dunes finally forma desertification state. The hard climate as high temperature and reduction in rainfall are themain factors affecting on this formation. This practical study is a trial to solve this problemthrough addition and covering the dunes by local material. Hydrated lime was used in this work,the lime was mixed with water in different ratios and covered a hills of sand. Three ratios of limewere selected to cover three sand hills with diameter 100 cm and height 50cm. The thickness ofthe lime layer is 6cm and covered all the hill. The hills were lifted for a year under the naturalcircumstances of sun shine, winds, rainfall and temperature. Results indicated that the hills werefixed and no sand were blown from dunes. Furthermore, some natural plants have been grownover them.

Sand Dune Stabilization by Hydrated Lime

Formation and movement of sand dunes could be considered the most important problems that safer and destroy agricultural lands, domestic and industrial buildings. These dunes finally form a desertification state. The hard climate as high temperature and reduction in rainfall are the main factors affecting on this formation. This practical study is a trial to solve this problem through addition and covering the dunes by local material. Hydrated lime was used in this work, the lime was mixed with water in different ratios and covered a hills of sand. Three ratios of lime were selected to cover three sand hills with diameter 100 cm and height 50cm. The thickness of the lime layer is 6 cm and covered all the hill. The hills were lifted for a year under the natural circumstances of sun shine, winds, rainfall and temperature. Results indicated that the hills were fixed and no sand were blown from dunes. Furthermore, some natural plants have been grown over them. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.24.2017.16

Evaluation desertification state in East Al-Haffar project

A study was carried out and included ninety two soil series in east of Al-Haffar project and were distributed within sub-physiographic: Levee – basin – depression. Semi soil survey maps with scale of 1:50000 were used to cover an area of 50000 ha. The aim of this study was to use quantitative analysis methods for information through the linkage between the curves of geographical–geological- pedological and through depending on some pedo-geo-morphological indices which include (parent material; slope gradient; soil depth and soil texture, all these indices represent soil quality index (SQI) in addition to the index of vegetation cover; index of erosion protection and index of drought resistance which represent vegetation quality index (VQI); and salinity of irrigation water; soluble chloride ion ratio and sodium exchange ratio, which represent irrigation water quality index (IWQI). All these indices used to characterize and evaluate the environmental sensitivity to desertification. All indices were calculated by used specific mathematical equations according to the European commission system were used for rating and classification sensitivity for environmental desertification based on multiplying method between measured indices values and the maps were made for it. Results showed varied erodibility factors of wind which distributed in range of 0.09-0.37; water erodibility factor in range of 0.45 - 0.52 and soil crust factor in range of 0.08-0.73. Soil quality index varied and distributed in a range of 1.35-1.70. The areas of study were classified into three degrees and distributed from high quality to low quality. As well as vegetation quality index varied and distributed in a range of 0.07-0.26 and the location of the study was classified into four degrees, described between very low to good quality, water irrigation quality index is value of 3.35 mm and did not vary because there is only one sources of water Irrigation within the study area. In addition, the results also showed restricted three main location varied to desertification sensitivity which are classified between very low sensitive to medium sensitive.

Assessing Current State of Desertification Based on Water, Climate and Soil Indicators Using IMDPA Model (Case Study: Dashte Abbas)

Desertification is currently a big problem in many countries, especially in developing countries, and includes natural processes and improper human activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of desertification with an emphasis on water, climate and soil criteria using IMDPA Model in Abbas plain, Ilam province with an area about 18028.8 hectare. Geometric averages for indices including water table fluctuations, EC of water, SAR, irrigation system, annual precipitation, aridity index, drought continuity index, soil texture, soil thickness and Ec of soil were obtained using ArcGIS 9.3 and the status map of each criterion was prepared. The results of climate indicated that 100% of the area is in severe class. The desertification intensity map based on soil criteria demonstrated that over 4843 hectare (28.86 percent of total area) and 13185 hectare (73.13 percent of total area) are in low and moderate classes, respectively. Also, the obtained results from geometric average of water criteria indices showed that 10861.4 hectare (60.2 percent of total area) and 7166.6 hectare (39.75 percent of total area) are in low and moderate classes, respectively. The results also indicated that climate with the value of 2.81 is the most influential criterion in the severity of desertification in the study area. Accordingly, it can be said that the quantitative value of desertification intensity of total area is in moderate class. Keyword: Desertification; Abbas Plain, Indices; Criteria, IMDPA. 1. Dept. of Forest and Rangeland, Faculty of Natur. Resour., Univ. of Ilam, Ilam, Iran. 2. Dept. of Natural Resour., Ilam Province, Ilam, Iran. 3. Dept. of Arid and Mountainous Reclamation Regions, Faculty of Natur. Resour., Univ. of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. *: Corresponding Author, Email: hakhosravi@ut.ac.ir.

Drought and desertification management in arid and semi-arid zones of Northern Nigeria

Purpose – This paper seeks to review the state of desertification in Nigeria, historical trends and past national efforts as well as ongoing programs for combating the fast-spreading desert conditions in the arid zones of the country. Design/methodology/approach – The approach has been carried out through a comprehensive review analysis and detailed assessment on several methods of approach which includes archival materials as well as published government documents, field observation and learned background information of the working and funding dynamics of the program to combat desertification. Findings – The findings of this paper reveal that the failure of the past government effort in combating desertification in Nigeria is a result of the policies and the programs not having been designed to adequately tackle the problem of drought and desertification and of the phenomena being treated as sectoral issues rather than an integrated whole. Practical implications – This paper has practical implication for anyone interested in sustainable management of drought and desertification in the arid and semi arid zones of the world. Originality/value – The paper has articulated success and failure of the government programs in combating the twin environmental problems of drought and desertification in Nigeria and also shows that government could significantly combat desertification through sustainable management of its projects/programs if adequate resources are employed.

A dynamic simulation model of desertification in Egypt

This paper presents the development of a system dynamic model to simulate and analyze potential future state of desertification in Egypt. The presented model enhances the MEDALUS methodology developed by European Commission. It illustrates the concept of desertification through different equations and simulation output graphs. It is supplemented with a causal loop diagram showing the feedback between different variables. For the purpose of testing and measuring the effect of different policy scenarios on desertification in Egypt, a simulation model using stock and flow diagram was designed. Multi-temporal data were used to figure out the dynamic changes in desertification sensitivity related to the dynamic nature of desert environment. The model was applied to Al Bihira governorate in western Nile Delta, Egypt, as the study area, and the results showed that the urban expansion, salinization, and not applying the policy enforcement are considered the most variables provoking the desertification.

The Present State of Desertification and Soil Conservation in Niger

The Present State of Desertification and Soil Conservation in Niger

The Poverty of Nations - The Aid Dilemma at the Heart of Africa

The road to hell economic development in the past scratching for knowledge drought and desertification state without roots the poverty of nations.