Arizona Research Articles

Mapswipe for SDGs 3 & 13: take urgent cartographic action to combat heat vulnerability of manufactured and mobile home communities

ABSTRACT Our research has established the extent to which extreme heat disproportionately impacts manufactured and mobile home communities (MMHC), posing challenges in achieving both targets of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 of ‘good health and wellbeing’ and SDG 13 of ‘urgent action to combat climate change impacts’. In Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, an alarming statistic of annually 30–40% indoor heat-related mortality occurs within a mere 5% of local housing stock dedicated to MMHC. Effectively addressing the multifaceted nexus of heat vulnerability and housing precarity necessitates the availability of geospatial microdata. Yet, given the idiosyncratic nature of ownership tenure within MMHC communities, sufficient microdata at the household unit level remain notably elusive through conventional tax records or other publicly available sources. In this paper, we assess how employing MapSwipe, a crowdsourcing application affiliated with the Missing Maps initiative, improves the completeness and precision of existing MMHC cartographic data inventory. Our approach harnesses MapSwipe’s micro-tasking methodology to identify absent MMHC locations within the state of Arizona. The contribution of this research is to present a viable methodology that organizes geospatial microdata around SDG initiatives and web-based volunteer mapping to effectively target the resources required to address the heat vulnerability of MMHC.

Arizona

The State of Arizona had a change in governorship, which has now shifted priorities. State policymakers continue to advocate for school choice and the state’s ESA program, while the new governor attempts to repeal the omnibus mandate. This manuscript provides an overview of the legislation related to P-20 funding, including Arizona’s funding priorities for P-12 and/or higher education, changes to the school funding formula, and the major human resources management initiatives funded through the new governor’s budget and several house and senate bills.

Frequency and variability of nonmetric dental crown traits of primary and permanent molars in agroup of orthodontic patients.

The present study aimed to assess the frequency and variation of 13nonmetric dental crown traits (NDCT) in permanent and primary molars in German orthodontic patients. Dental records from orthodontic patients were screened and evaluated. First and second permanent and primary upper and lower molars (from left and right sides) were assessed. Teeth with cavitated dental caries, occlusal wear, restorations and obvious dental deformities were not evaluated. The NDCT for permanent molars were identified and scored according to the odontoscopic system developed by Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). The NDCT for primary molars were identified and scored according to ASUDAS, Hanihara's method and Sciulli's method. The χ2 test was used to investigate side preference and sexual dimorphism at asignificance level of p ≤ 0.050. Atotal of 163 orthodontic patients (82males and 81females) aged 8-14years were included. Asexual dimorphism was observed for the hypocone in first upper permanent molar (p = 0.041). The protostylid was observed in lower permanent molars (range 2.1-10%). Males presented more hypoconulid than females (p = 0.019). Only females presented the distal trigonid crest in lower first permanent molars (p = 0.002). The most common groove pattern in primary molars wasY; male presented more Ygrade than females in the lower second primary molar (p = 0.039). Asymmetry was observed in some traits, ranging from 0 to 100%. The present study showed the frequency of NDCT of molars in German orthodontic patients and demonstrated that some traits present sexual dimorphism.

Trends over time in liquid biopsy testing in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) across the Mayo Clinic enterprise.

e13036 Background: In January 2023, the FDA approved elacestrant for ESR1-mutated, ER+/HER2- MBC based on a companion diagnostic cell free (cf)DNA test (Guardant Health). In this study, we analyze the trends of liquid biopsy utilization at Mayo Clinic (MC) over a 3 year period to understand the impact of this drug approval on testing patterns and identify emergent alterations in patients (pts) with MBC. Methods: We extracted clinically performed Guardant 360 and Guardant 360 CDx ordered at MC sites in Rochester (MN), Florida (FL), Arizona (AZ), and across 9 additional Mayo Clinic Health System (MCHS) sites. Pts with MBC were identified using the EMR and analyzing visit diagnosis codes and staging information. Shifts in testing patterns were analyzed over a 3 year period from January 1, 2021 - December 31, 2023. Data was collected on the number of tests, serial testing, frequency of pathogenic mutations, and emergent mutations in ESR1 and PIK3CA. Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical values. Results: Between 2021-2023, 2,741 pts with MBC were seen across all sites. A total of 408 cfDNA tests were performed in 370 unique patients with MBC. Most pts (90%) had 1 test performed. The proportion of pts with MBC tested was 85/1350 (6.3%) in 2021, 77/1495 (5.2%) in 2022, and 208/1558 (13.4%) in 2023. The increased proportion of pts tested in 2023 was statistically significant compared to prior years (p<0.0001), while no difference was observed between 2021 and 2022 (p 0.19). Testing patterns varied by site, with FL ordering the highest number of tests, followed by MN and AZ. Of the 34 providers practicing during the entire period seeing more than 10 MBC pts, the number of providers ordering Guardant testing increased from 15/34 (2021) and 14/34 (2022) to 20/34 (2023), though not statistically significant (p 0.15). Of the 41% with EMR-documented staging available, testing was highest in the ER+/HER2- (81.3%) subtype, followed by TNBC (13.6%) and then HER2+ (5.2%). The most commonly identified mutations identified in the first testing were PIK3CA (41.1%), TP53 (40.5%), ESR1 (30.5%), and ATM (13.2%). D538G (8.0%), Y537N (4.4%), and Y537S (3.5%) were frequent emergent mutations seen in ESR1. Conclusions: We observed an increase in cfDNA testing at the start of 2023 which aligns with the FDA approval of elacestrant. We observed variation by site and individual providers that warrants further exploration to improve cfDNA testing in MBC pts at Mayo Clinic.

PREDATION OF TURKEY VULTURES BY GOLDEN EAGLES IN WALNUT CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZONA

Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and their diets have been studied extensively in North America and beyond. There have, however, been minimal studies of this species conducted in the state of Arizona, and none within Walnut Canyon National Monument. This ongoing study is focused on the diet of Golden Eagles that have nested in Walnut Canyon National Monument since at least 2008. Analysis of prey remains collected from their nests provides a baseline sample of their dietary habits, but also reveals a much higher proportion of Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) than is reported from any other Golden Eagle study in the country, with vultures making up more than 24% of individuals identified from the assemblage.

Investigating ground-level ozone pollution in semi-arid and arid regions of Arizona using WRF-Chem v4.4 modeling

Abstract. Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution is a persistent environmental concern, even in regions that have made efforts to reduce emissions. This study focuses on the state of Arizona, which has experienced elevated O3 concentrations over past decades and contains two non-attainment areas as designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model, we examine O3 levels in the semi-arid and arid regions of Arizona. Our analysis focuses on the month of June between 2017 and 2021, a period characterized by high O3 levels before the onset of the North American Monsoon (NAM). Our evaluation of the WRF-Chem model against surface Air Quality System (AQS) observations reveals that the model adeptly captures the diurnal variation of hourly O3 levels and the episodes of O3 exceedance through the maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) O3 concentrations. However, the model tends to overestimate surface NO2 concentrations, particularly during nighttime hours. Among the three cities studied, Phoenix (PHX) and Tucson (TUS) exhibit a negative bias in both hourly and MDA8 O3 levels, while Yuma demonstrates a relatively large positive bias. The simulated mean hourly and MDA8 O3 concentrations in Phoenix are 44.6 and 64.7 parts per billion (ppb), respectively, compared to observed values of 47.5 and 65.7 ppb, resulting in mean negative biases of −2.9 and −1.0 ppb, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the simulated ratio of formaldehyde (HCHO) to NO2 (HCHO/NO2; FNR), reveals interesting insights of the sensitivity of O3 to its precursors. In Phoenix, the FNR varies from a VOC (volatile organic compound)-limited regime in the most populated areas to a transition between VOC-limited and NOx-limited regimes throughout the metro area, with an average FNR of 1.15. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the persistent challenge of ground-level O3 pollution in semi-arid and arid regions, using the state of Arizona as a case study.

Strategic assessment model of smart stadiums based on genetic algorithms and literature visualization analysis: A case study from Chengdu, China

This paper leverages Citespace and VOSviewer software to perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis on a corpus of 384 references related to smart sports venues, spanning from 1998 to 2022. The analysis encompasses various facets, including author network analysis, institutional network analysis, temporal mapping, keyword clustering, and co-citation network analysis. Moreover, this paper constructs a smart stadiums strategic assessment model (SSSAM) to compensate for confusion and aimlessness by genetic algorithms (GA). Our findings indicate an exponential growth in publications on smart sports venues year over year. Arizona State University emerges as the institution with the highest number of collaborative publications, Energy and Buildings becomes the publication with the most documents. While, Wang X stands out as the scholar with the most substantial contribution to the field. In scrutinizing the betweenness centrality indicators, a paradigm shift in research hotspots becomes evident-from intelligent software to the domains of the Internet of Things (IoT), intelligent services, and artificial intelligence (AI). The SSSAM model based on artificial neural networks (ANN) and GA algorithms also reached similar conclusions through a case study of the International University Sports Federation (FISU), building Information Modeling (BIM), cloud computing and artificial intelligence Internet of Things (AIoT) are expected to develop in the future. Three key themes developed over time. Finally, a comprehensive knowledge system with common references and future hot spots is proposed.

Global perspectives and transdisciplinary opportunities for locust and grasshopper pest management and research

Locusts and other migratory grasshoppers are transboundary pests. Monitoring and control, therefore, involve a complex system made up of social, ecological, and technological factors. Researchers and those involved in active management are calling for more integration between these siloed but often interrelated sectors. In this paper, we bring together 38 coauthors from six continents and 34 unique organizations, representing much of the social-ecological-technological system (SETS) related to grasshopper and locust management and research around the globe, to introduce current topics of interest and review recent advancements. Together, the paper explores the relationships, strengths, and weaknesses of the organizations responsible for the management of major locust-affected regions. The authors cover topics spanning humanities, social science, and the history of locust biological research and offer insights and approaches for the future of collaborative sustainable locust management. These perspectives will help support sustainable locust management, which still faces immense challenges such as fluctuations in funding, focus, isolated agendas, trust, communication, transparency, pesticide use, and environmental and human health standards. Arizona State University launched the Global Locust Initiative (GLI) in 2018 as a response to some of these challenges. The GLI welcomes individuals with interests in locusts and grasshoppers, transboundary pests, integrated pest management, landscape-level processes, food security, and/or cross-sectoral initiatives.

Preface

International Conference on “Advances in Mechanical Engineering-2023 (ICAME-2023) December, 22-23, 2023 Nagpur, India International Conference on “Advances in Mechanical Engineering-2023” (ICAME-2023) was organized on 22nd & 23rd December 2023 in association with Journal of Physics: Conference Series IOP-publishing organized by Department of Mechanical Engineering GHRCE, Nagpur. ICAME-2023 was provided a platform to understand the latest technological and innovative advancements especially in the fields of Materials, Thermal, Design and Industrial/Production Engineering. The inaugural function of ICAME-2023 was conducted at the auspicious presence of Chief Guest Dr. Sukanta Roy, Curtin University, Malaysia, the Guest of Honor Dr. B.J. Shinde, Divisional Manager, Force Motors Limited, Pune, Patrons Mr. Sunil Raisoni, Hon’ble Chairman, BOG, GHRCE & Mr. Shreyas Raisoni, Executive Director, RGI, Dr. Sachin Untawale, Honorary Chair & Director, GHRCE, Nagpur, Dr. Rupesh Shelke, Convener & Head of Mechanical Engineering Department, Dr. Vivek Khond, Conference Chair, Ashish Raut Conference Co-chair and Dr. S.B. Jaju, Organizing Chair & Dean (R&D), and many acclaimed academicians & Researchers from India and abroad, also renowned industrial personals on 22nd December 2023 at 10 am. The unveiling of proceeding was conducted by the hands of dignitaries present on WEBEX platform At inauguration it was declared that the conference received huge response with 100 plus papers from across the India such as Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Chandigarh, Uttarkhand etc. Papers prominently received from IIT, Government colleges, reputed private institutions and environment consultants. Out of total papers received, 62 papers were accepted for publication for online oral presentation and 43 papers were registered authors and presented in four sessions and also, invitees taken advantage of the plenary, keynote and technical sessions. Dr. Vivek Khond, Conference Chair proposed vote of thank at end of inaugural function. Dr. Sukanta Roy, Curtin University, Malaysia, in his keynote talk said that renewable energy is important source of future energy and wind energy have lot of potential in coastal part of India. And Dr. B.J. Shinde, Divisional Manager, Force Motors Limited Pune delivered keynote talk on hydrogen as a sustainable fuel for next generation energy source on 22nd December 2023. Plenary talk of Dr. Vishal Zade, Intel Packaging Innovation Chandler, Arizona USA was arranged for all the participant and he give emphasis on use of nano technology and its application in various field. For the valedictory function, on 23rd December 2023, the chief guest was Dr. Neelesh Kumar Jain, Professor, IIT, Indore. He appreciated the efforts of conference organizer for organizing conference in the recent development in mechanical engineering and congratulated GHRCE. All the accepted and presented papers will be published in Journal of Physics; Conference Series, IOP Publishing Scopus indexed proceedings subjected to quality & policy check by IOP.The ICAME 23 Organizing Committee extends its gratitude to all who contributed to the Success of the conference, including Keynote speakers, International advisory committee, National advisory committee, reviewers authors, presenters, participants. Moreover, we extend our special gratitude to the dedicated conference Organizing Committee. Our special gratitude to management of GHRCE,Shri Sunilji Raisoni, Chairman RGI, Mr. Shreyas Raisoni, Executive Director, RGI, Dr. Sachin Untawale, Honorary Chair & Director, GHRCE, Nagpur, for continuous inspiration and support. The organizing committee convey deep regards and hearty thanks to IOP Journal of Physics conference series editors for their support to get indexing and publishing conference proceedings.List of ICAME-2023 Conference Committees are available in this pdf.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 34• Number of submissions sent for review: 33• Number of submissions accepted: 30• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 88.2• Average number of reviews per paper: 1.5• Total number of reviewers involved: 10• Contact person for queries: Name: Julian Tao Email: jtao25@asu.edu Affiliation: Arizona State University

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 60• Number of submissions sent for review: 60• Number of submissions accepted: 60• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 100• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 55• Contact person for queries: Name: Julian Tao Email: jtao25@asu.edu Affiliation: Arizona State University

Improving hydration in underhydrated, free-living young adults results in better running performance

Dehydration impairs endurance exercise performance, especially in the heat. However, it is unclear how exercise performance is affected by improved hydration status in underhydrated individuals. Therefore, this study examined the impact of a one-week hydration intervention on endurance running performance. We hypothesized better hydration would lead to a faster 2-mile running time. Eighty-nine healthy and moderately fit individuals completed a 2-mile run as fast as possible before (PRE) and after (POST) a 1-week hydration intervention. Performance was incentivized by providing prize money based on ranked average times. First-morning urine samples were collected on the day of each run. If PRE urine specific gravity was >1.020, the subjects were instructed to increase their water intake for one week before the second run. The remaining subjects were instructed to maintain their water intake. All subjects were provided with a filter water bottle. Of the 89 subjects that completed both runs, 44 (18% female, age: 21±2 y, weight: 73.3±12.5 kg, height: 1.76±0.10 m, body mass index: 23.6±3.2 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. Subjects were classified as improved hydration (IMP) if UOsm decreased between PRE and POST by ≥100 mmol/kg and POST was <800 mmol/kg. Subjects were classified as diminished hydration (DIM) if UOsm increased between PRE and POST by ≥100 mmol/kg and POST was >500 mmol/kg. The subjects were removed from the analysis if they met any of the following three conditions: a) had a small UOsm change (<100 mmol/kg) between PRE and POST, b) lowered UOSM but it was still >800 mmol/kg, and c) increased UOsm but it was still <500 mmol/kg. The 2-mile runs took place in Phoenix, Arizona, during the morning (0700 hours) with a maximum ambient temperature of 22±2℃, relative humidity of 37±10%, and WBGT of 16±2℃. UOsm significantly decreased for IMP from PRE: 791±197 to POST: 419±136 mmol/kg (p<0.05) and increased for DIM from PRE: 532±283 to POST: 799±235 mmol/kg (p<0.05). The 2-mile run time significantly improved in IMP from PRE: 13.5±1.8 to POST: 13.3±1.8 min (-11.4±25.8 sec, P=0.03), but did not change in DIM from PRE: 14.2±2.7 to POST: 14.3±2.6 min (+4.8±19.9 sec, P>0.05). The results suggest that improving hydration in underhydrated subjects via one week of increased water intake may improve 2-mile running performance in moderately fit individuals. This study was funded by a grant from the Arizona State University’s Global Sport Institute. Brita donated the filter water bottles. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 46• Number of submissions sent for review: 45• Number of submissions accepted: 42• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 91.3• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 40• Contact person for queries: Name: Julian Tao Email: jtao25@asu.edu Affiliation: Arizona State University

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 47• Number of submissions sent for review: 47• Number of submissions accepted: 41• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 87.2• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 40• Contact person for queries: Name: Julian Tao Email: jtao25@asu.edu Affiliation: Arizona State University

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 74• Number of submissions sent for review: 72• Number of submissions accepted: 70• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 94.6• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 31• Contact person for queries: Name: Julian Tao Email: jtao25@asu.edu Affiliation: Arizona State University

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 74• Number of submissions sent for review: 71• Number of submissions accepted: 68• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 91.9• Average number of reviews per paper: 2.2• Total number of reviewers involved: 87• Contact person for queries: Name: Julian Tao Email: jtao25@asu.edu Affiliation: Arizona State University

GBRUN: A Gradient Search-based Binary Runge Kutta Optimizer for Feature Selection

<p>Feature selection (FS) is a pre-processing technique for data dimensionality reduction in machine learning and data mining algorithms. FS technique reduces the number of features and improves the model generalization ability. This study presents a Gradient Search-based Binary Runge Kutta Optimizer (GBRUN) for solving the FS problem of high-dimensional. First, the proposed method converts the continuous Runge Kutta optimizer (RUN) into a binary version through S-, V-, and U-shaped transfer functions. Second, a gradient search method is introduced to improve the exploration capability of the algorithm. Five standard datasets provided by Arizona State University’s Data Mining and Machine Learning Lab were selected to verify the performance of the GBRUN algorithm. The experimental results show that GBRUN has better performance than other advanced algorithms regarding classification accuracy and the number of selected features. Moreover, the GBRUN algorithm is also combined with EfficientNet in this manuscript, using the GBRUN algorithm to select the features extracted by EfficientNet. The results show that the V-shaped (GBRUN-V) and U-shaped (GBRUN-U) algorithms have better performance than other algorithms.</p> <p> </p>

Impact of urban diets on the nutritional physiology of mealworms

Mealworms ( Tenebrio Molitor), the larval stage of yellow mealworm beetles, are a popular feeder insect for birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and even human populations throughout the world. As such, the goal of this work was to understand how the diet of mealworms impacts their nutritional quality as variations in quality can impact the animals (and humans) that consume them. We hypothesized that the nutritional quality of mealworms would be altered by dietary intake with urban substrates resulting in reduced nutritional quality. We divided 500 mealworms among each of the following diets designed to model substrates available in urban vs rural, more natural areas: 100% wheat germ (control); 100% Styrofoam; mixture of soil, grasses, and leaves from urban lawns; mixture of soil, grasses and leaves from rural lawns; mixture of wheat germ + carrots; natural organic fertilizer; or natural organic fertilizer with turf builder. The mealworms were maintained at room temperature and the diets were replaced weekly to prevent spoilage and to remove mealworm wastes. Once a week for three weeks, mealworms were sampled and frozen. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with time and substrate as factors. After 3 weeks, mealworms housed in wheat germ + carrots weighed significantly more than all other groups (p<0.05), whereas those housed in styrofoam or urban lawn substrates weighed significantly less at week 3 as compared to week 1 (p<0.01). The urban lawn substrate resulted in greater molting and the highest number of pupae, but also the greatest mortality among the substrates. Moreover, mealworms provided urban lawn weighed less at week 3 as compared to week 1 (p=0.006). Mealworms maintained on wheat germ had significantly greater total protein content (p<0.05) and the greatest increase in protein content from week 0 to week 3 as compared to any other diet (p<0.05). Glucose content, on the other hand, was significantly lower in all groups at week 3 compared to week 0 (p<0.05). Similar trends were seen in total soluble sugars as mealworms housed in styrofoam, urban lawn, rural lawn, natural fertilizer, and fertilizer with turf builder had lower levels of total soluble sugars at week 3 compared to baseline (p<0.03) whereas those fed wheat germ, with or without carrots, had the highest content (vs WG: p≤0.03; vs WGCAR p<0.05). Interestingly, mealworms housed in wheat germ had higher oxidized lipoproteins compared to all other groups (p<0.05) whereas those fed natural fertilizer or wheat germ and carrots had the lowest level of oxidative stress compared to baseline (p<0.05). Together, these variations support our hypothesis that the nutritional quality of mealworms is altered by dietary intake. In general, urban substrates reduced the nutritional content (body mass, protein, and sugar content) of mealworms, which may negatively impact the health and behavior of predators that rely on such prey for food. This study was funded in part by a Jumpstart Grant awarded to RL by the Graduate and Professional Student Association, Arizona State University. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 82• Number of submissions sent for review: 78• Number of submissions accepted: 75• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 91.5• Average number of reviews per paper: 2.5• Total number of reviewers involved: 94• Contact person for queries: Name: Julian Tao Email: jtao25@asu.edu Affiliation: Arizona State University

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 61• Number of submissions sent for review: 60• Number of submissions accepted: 58• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 95.1• Average number of reviews per paper: 2.3• Total number of reviewers involved: 63• Contact person for queries: • Name: Julian Tao• Email: jtao25@asu.edu• Affiliation: Arizona State University