State Medical University Research Articles

Total hip arthroplasty is currently the treatment of choice for end-stage hip osteoarthritis. However, joint replacement with an implant is often associated with the development of intraoperative and postoperative complications, and fatal outcomes following total hip arthroplasty are not uncommon. Objective – to analyze the incidence and structure of mortality at various time points after total hip arthroplasty using conventional statistical methods and the Kaplan – Meier method. The study included 507 patients aged 19 to 87 years who underwent total hip arthroplasty at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov between 2015 and 2018. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel and the R software environment. Long-term outcomes and patient survival after total hip arthroplasty were evaluated using the non-parametric Kaplan – Meier method. Among the 233 patients (46.0 % of the total cohort) who remained under observation for 7 to 10 years after total hip arthroplasty, the mortality rate was 36 cases (15.5 %). The highest number of deaths was recorded in the first year following surgery (4.29 %), with a gradual decline to 0.43 % by the eighth year. The leading causes of death were acute myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular accident (each accounting for 27.8 % of cases), followed by malignant neoplasms and COVID19 (each 13.9 %), and pulmonary embolism (11.1 %). The Kaplan – Meier analysis, which takes into account information on censored observations, shows mortality rates of 8.9 % for 8–10 years after total hip arthroplasty, while 7.4 % of patients died in the first five years after hip arthroplasty. Most deaths occurred within the first five years after surgery, consistent with the literature. A significant limitation of the study was the high proportion of patients lost to follow-up, which limited the completeness of long-term outcome evaluation and underscores the need for unified registries and postoperative monitoring systems. Long-term outcomes of total hip arthroplasty show a high mortality rate. Mortality indicators vary depending on the statistical analysis method used. The most objective results are obtained through registry-based analysis, which confirms the need for organized long-term follow-up of patients after surgery.

Relevance. Leukemias and their treatment produce broad systemic effects in children and frequently involve the oral cavity, leading to qualitative and quantitative changes in saliva. Analysis of salivary facies using the wedge-shaped dehydration method is a useful morphological approach for characterizing disease-related alterations, including those associated with hematologic malignancies. Objective. To compare the morphology of salivary facies in healthy children and in children with hematologic malignancies. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and at the Pediatric Dentistry Department Transplantation of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. Facies of the supernatant fraction of saliva were prepared by wedge-shaped dehydration, affixed to Litos System glass plates, and assessed according to the Shatokhina–Shabalin clinical crystallography method (1998). Comparison endpoints included quantitative parameters of the marginal zone, facies type, degree of amorphization, and the presence of pathologic markers. Results. Children with hematologic malignancies showed a larger marginal-zone area (twofold, p < 0.01) and a higher marginal-zone/total facies area ratio (1.5-fold, p < 0.01) than healthy controls. Marginal-zone pigmentation was twice as common, and discontinuous spiral cracks were four times more frequent. Back-arcaded cracks, continuous spiral cracks, and partial or complete amorphization were observed only in the hematologic malignancies group (p≤0.05). Conclusion. The morphology of salivary facies in children with hematologic malignancies differs substantially from that of healthy peers, indicating impaired salivary homeostatic function.

Objective. To determine the clinical features of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in young children, to compare differences between infectious and non-infectious forms, and to assess patterns of fever response, dehydration, and the distribution of key symptoms. Materials and Methods. A total of 140 children aged 1 month to 3 years, hospitalized with clinically confirmed AAD following antibacterial therapy, were analyzed at the Samarkand State Medical University and the Samarkand Multidisciplinary Medical Children’s Center during 2023–2025. Results. Higher body temperatures (38–39 °C and >39 °C) were more frequent in infectious forms. In the Cl.difficile (Cl+) group, meteorism (82.3%), loss of appetite (67.7%), and abdominal pain (53.2%) predominated. In the non-infectious form, mild to moderate dehydration was more frequently observed. Conclusion. AAD in early childhood varies depending on its etiology: infectious forms are associated with a stronger inflammatory response, while the Cl+ phenotype has distinctive clinical indicators. In contrast, non-infectious forms are characterized predominantly by mild to moderate dehydration.

Introduction. The study of histotopographic features of the oral mucosa structure in relation to age is of great importance for addressing numerous issues in dentistry. Understanding the normal structure of the oral mucosa at different stages of human life is essential for comprehending its remodeling under pathological conditions. The uniqueness of this research lies in the detailed histological and morphometric analysis of age-related changes in the buccal mucosa, focusing on the structural characteristics of its distinct zones (maxillary, mandibular, and intermediate), as well as alterations in the lamina propria, glands, and muscular base. Regarding the hard palate, the study aims to identify distinct histological and morphometric zonal features of the epithelial layer in adults, including indicators such as epithelial thickness, the height and width of connective tissue papillae, and the thickness of the keratinized and basal layers in various functional zones (marginal, suture, fatty, and glandular). Objective.The objective of this study is to examine the histological structure of different parts of the human buccal mucosa at the ages of 40 and 80, and to analyze the structural characteristics of the maxillary, mandibular, and intermediate regions of the cheek from an age-related perspective. For the hard palate, the goal was to investigate the zonal features of its epithelium in adults. Materials and Methods. The study material for the buccal mucosa was archival tissue provided by the Anatomical Museum of the Department of Anatomy and the Department of Clinical Anatomy at Poltava State Medical University. Tissue samples from the maxillary, mandibular, and suture zones of the cheek were obtained from 10 cadavers aged 40 and 80 years, whose deaths were unrelated to diseases or injuries of the facial area. To study the epithelial layer of the hard palate mucosa, material was collected from 10 individuals of middle age (30–40 years), whose causes of death were also unrelated to head diseases or injuries. Histological material was fixed in a 4% glutaraldehyde solution. After proper processing, the material was embedded in Epon-812. Semithin sections were stained with toluidine blue and polychrome stain. Microphotography and morphometric analysis were conducted using a Levenhuk D740T digital microscope with a digital microphoto adapter, along with software adapted for this study. Statistical processing of morphometric data was carried out using Microsoft Excel with the “VGA Analysis Toolpak” add-on, specifically the “Descriptive Statistics” tool. Results. Microscopic examination revealed that the general structural plan of the buccal mucosa in young and elderly individuals shares common features. In middle-aged individuals, the buccal epithelium is stratified, non-keratinized squamous epithelium consisting of basal, prickle, and superficial layers. The thickness of the epithelial layer and its cellular zones varies with age. In older individuals, a gradual thinning of the covering epithelium is observed, with the number of cell layers decreasing to 1–2 in some areas. Microscopic examination of the hard palate zones showed that the mucosal surface of the suture zone is even, with minimal undulations. The marginal zone has an uneven, wavy surface, while the fatty and glandular zones display a uniformly undulating surface of the greatest amplitude. The maximum epithelial thickness is found in the marginal zone of the hard palate, reaching 97.2±2.00 μm, whereas the minimum thickness is observed in the suture zone at 52.6±1.00 μm. Conclusion. Significant age-related changes in the structure of the buccal mucosa and hard palate were established. In elderly individuals, there is a decrease in the thickness of the buccal epithelial covering, structural changes in specific areas, a reduction in elastic fibers, disorganization of collagen fibers, and the appearance of adipose cells. In the hard palate, a clear zonal differentiation of the epithelial covering was identified, which is attributed to functional load. The greatest epithelial thickness was found in the marginal zone, while the thinnest was in the suture zone. Signs of keratinization were observed in zones subjected to increased mechanical load.

Introduction. The strategic partnership between Russia and Iran continues to strengthen, leading to increased academic mobility. A significant rise in Iranian student enrollment at Russian universities is anticipated in the near future. This underscores the importance of the present study's focus: facilitating effective Russian-Iranian educational communication and addressing the learning needs of Iranian students. Research Objective: To identify and synthesize key sociocultural information about Iranian students that is crucial for their successful integration and intercultural communication in Russian academic environment, particularly in teacher-student interactions. Materials and Methods. The research employed a mixed-methods approach: 1) an analytical literature review of sources examining Iranian sociocultural characteristics, Iran's history, Iran-Russia relations, and contemporary scientific/economic developments in Iran; 2) Online surveys of Iranian students enrolled in educational programs at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; 3) content analysis of survey responses, visualized through word clouds and radar charts. KEYWORDS Results. Integrating literature review and empirical data, the study: 1) analyzed 26 scholarly sources to identify 7 key cultural characteristics influencing Russian-Iranian academic communication; 2) surveyed 63 students from the Islamic Republic of Iran (n=63; 38 male and 25 female participants aged 18-23) who self-identified with Persian culture; 3) through content analysis of their responses, the study identified and visualized a) key self-presentation characteristics of Iranian students (n=29); b) key characteristics reflecting Iranian students’ perceptions of Russians (n=26); c) attributes of Iranian expectations of an "ideal" educator (n=18); d) 4 preferred forms of learning activities (group project work, collaborative group tasks, interview with a teacher, oral examinations). The study proposes a communicative and activity-based approach alongside three pedagogical principles for teaching Iranian student groups: intercultural dialogue, reward/withholding reinforcement and transparent assessment extendable to multinational groups from Southwest Asia. Conclusion. The sociocultural profile of Iranians described in the current study serves as a knowledge base for developing teachers’ intercultural competence. Survey-derived insights can guide the creation of ethnoculturally adapted materials for Iranian students across disciplines

A Belarusian perspective on revascularization outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease and associated diabetes mellitus.

Background. Chronic apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with infection of the root canal and represents a major challenge in dentistry. Its prevalence is rapidly increasing among the adult population. The condition is characterized by variability in inflammatory responses and bone resorption. Genetic factors play a central role in its pathogenesis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly affect gene expression and protein activity. Recent studies highlight the importance of integrating genetic data into clinical dentistry. Objective. To determine the role of intergenic associations of key genes involved in the modulation of inflammatory and immune responses in hereditary predisposition to chronic apical periodontitis. Methods. A prospective single-center case control study was conducted from November 2024 to April 2025 at the Yaroslavl State Medical University (Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) and the Medical Center for Diagnostics and Prevention “Sodruzhestvo.” The study involved 200 participants: 150 patients with chronic apical periodontitis and 50 healthy controls. The diagnosis was confirmed clinically and radiographically. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of eight genes (IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, GSTP1, CYP1A2, TP53, COL1A1, and MMP-9) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using JMP Pro v.18.0 (SAS Institute Inc., https://www.jmp.com, 2024), Haplostats v.1.9.7 (Schaid, D.J., & Sinnwell, J.P., Software for haplotype-based association analysis, USA), and MDR v.3.0.2 (Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction, SourceForge, USA). The optimal models were identified based on the highest cross-validation consistency (CVC) and lowest testing balanced accuracy error. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results. MDR analysis revealed significant intergenic interactions associated with the development of chronic apical periodontitis. The three-locus model IL-1β×TNF-α×MMP-9 demonstrated the highest predictive value (balanced accuracy 79.8%, cross-validation consistency 10/10), highlighting the synergistic effect of inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic processes. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed deviations for CYP1A2 and TP53 in the chronic apical periodontitis group, suggesting an influence of environmental factors. The Fruchterman—Reingold graph confirmed a strong interaction between IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas COL1A1 displayed a moderate association. These findings indicate the multigenic nature of predisposition to chronic apical periodontitis and enable personalized diagnostics and therapy based on the combined genetic effects. Conclusion. The results of this study may lay a foundation for developing personalized diagnostic and treatment strategies that account for individual genetic profiles. Integrating such approaches into clinical practice could improve disease outcome prediction, optimize therapeutic interventions, and reduce the risk of complications related to the pathological process.

The use of psychoactive substances among the younger generation has reached a critical level in modern Russian society. The main threat of addictions is the inevitability of the spread of psychoactive substances among the youngest and most vulnerable due to the age characteristics of the development of the population group, the destruction of the human psyche, as well as the lack of protective mechanisms to protect against the effects of drugs. Currently, various institutions, including educational ones, are developing and implementing comprehensive preventive, rehabilitation and psychocorrection programs to counter the use of psychoactive substances. However, the real situation in the country shows that the existing measures are clearly not enough, often they are formal in nature and require new more effective forms of work. Higher educational institutions are no exception, where the work on the prevention of addictions is not systemic in nature, does not cover a sufficient number of students and the most popular form of addiction prevention work is psychodiagnostics and questionnaires about the spread of addictions.To solve this problem, employees of the Department of Communicology and Psychology of Southwestern State University and the Department of Health Psychology and Neuropsychology of Kursk State Medical University systematically study the main forms of addictions among students. The analysis of the results of the latest comprehensive study made it possible to determine the main trends in changing the structure of consumption of harmful substances, as well as the socio-psychological causes of addictions of boys and girls. In the course of studying the problem, the assumption was confirmed that young people with clear life guidelines, the desire to be necessary and useful to society, are not at risk of predisposition to various kinds of addictions.

Subject. The Relationship Between Age, Sex, Childhood Dietary Patterns, and Jaw Position Anomalies Objectives. To evaluate the association between the occurrence of dentoalveolar anomalies and clinical and anamnestic patient parameters. Methodology. A retrospective analysis of medical records from the "PreziDent" Dental Clinic (Moscow) for the period 2020–2025 was performed. Inclusion criteria: availability of diagnostic data, comprehensive evaluation of the dentoalveolar system, and medical history; age > 18 years; signed informed consent. Exclusion criteria: severe somatic conditions affecting dentofacial development; incomplete data; history of orthognathic surgery; primary or secondary adentia. The final sample comprised 295 patients (166 women, 129 men). Clinical and anamnestic parameters were coded as categorical variables; patient age was treated as a quantitative variable. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Protocol No. [02–24], January 29, 2024). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (v. 26, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and Microsoft Excel (2016, Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA). A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The study identified a temporal pattern in the presentation of jaw position anomalies: patients with such anomalies were marginally older (median age 28.0 years) compared to those without anomalies (median age 25.0 years, p = 0.055). Dental arch form anomalies were significantly more prevalent (p = 0.023) among males (15.5%) than females (7.2%). No statistically significant differences in early-life dietary patterns or timing of tooth eruption were observed between sexes. Conclusion. This study identified several clinically relevant, though not always statistically significant, trends in the development of jaw position anomalies and revealed potential formative factors. These findings highlight the multifactorial etiology of these pathologies, which necessitate a comprehensive approach to treatment and prevention.

Subject. The microbial composition of the root canal contents in patients with chronic apical periodontitis was investigated, differentiated by the clinical course of the disease. Objectives. To identify and compare the microbial species composition in root canals of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic chronic apical periodontitis, using highly sensitive molecular genetic analysis methods. Methodology. The study was conducted based on Yaroslavl State Medical University and Sodruzhestvo LLC. It was a single-center, prospective, case-control study that randomly divided patients with chronic apical periodontitis into two groups: asymptomatic (n=170) and symptomatic (n=130). Before endodontic treatment, the contents of the root canals were collected under sterile conditions using a cofferdam, an apex locator, and endocanal paper pins. DNA was isolated at an automated station and then analyzed for microorganisms using real-time polymerase chain reaction with specific reagent kits. To identify key pathogens, the detection rate of microorganisms was compared between the two groups using the Yates-adjusted χ² criterion and the exact Fisher criterion with a significance level of p < 0.05 for statistical analysis. Results. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect microorganisms, allowing for the identification of even small species. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of the differences between groups. The results showed that symptomatic patients have a higher detection rate of highly virulent pathogens, such as E. faecalis and F. nucleatum, and their synergistic association contributes to the formation of resistant biofilms. Asymptomatic patients, on the other hand, are dominated by streptococci and form a more balanced community. Conclusion. These findings open up new possibilities for personalized endodontic treatment based on a patient's microbiological profile.

The study examines the effectiveness and safety of the medical device “Wound coating based on the NovoSkin collagen-laminate matrix”, conducted from February to May 2024 at the Ryazan State Medical University (Ryazan, Russia). Purpose of a study: to evaluate the use of wound coating NovoSkin in patients with skin defects. Materials and methods. NovoSkin is a sterile, round-shaped coating with a uniform matte and transparent surface. It is made of type 1 collagen and laminin, using safe ingredients, which makes it biocompatible and absorbable within 10–14 days. The use of the coating is indicated for burns of I–III degrees, trophic ulcers and pressure sores, however, it is contraindicated in open bleeding wounds and hypersensitivity to the components. The study included 60 patients (28 men (46.67 %) were and 32 women (53.33 %)) aged from 27 to 92 years (mean age (66.8 ± ± 12.4) years old). The main procedures included demographic data collection, local screening, vital signs assessment, and NovoSkin application. Efficacy was assessed by the percentage of patients with an increase in granulation area of at least 20 % by day 14. The results. Absolute majority (96.67 %) of patients showed a significant increase in granulations, indicating a high coverage efficiency. The safety of the application was assessed through the frequency of undesirable events and changes in vital signs. No serious adverse events have been reported, which confirms NovoSkin’s good tolerability. Conclusion. NovoSkin wound coating has demonstrated high efficacy and safety in the treatment of skin defects, which makes it a promising tool in clinical practice. The test results confirm the product’s compliance with established standards and its feasibility for use in medical institutions.

On October 28, 2025, the head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy at the Novosibirsk State Medical University, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alexander Petrovich Nadeev turns 60 years old.

Abstract Background and Aims The purpose of our study is to examine the effect of intradialytic PA on subjective assessment of quality of life during hemodialysis. Method The present study included 103 patients with CKD 5D and 20 healthy volunteers of the corresponding age. All patients were examined during 2 HD sessions, each after a 3-day break. The first session was conducted before the session (standard HD 0) and an hour after the end of the session, testing was carried out using the SAM questionnaire and the six-minute walk test (SMT). Control testing of SAM and SMT was carried out 3 days after HD. The second HD session was carried out using intradialytic exercise for 30 minutes of the first hour of HD. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the SAM (well-being, activity, mood) questionnaire developed by the staff of the First Moscow State Medical University named after Sechenov. The questionnaire includes 30 items, each of which contains 2 polar features, one of which (characterizing a high quality of life) is estimated at 7 points, the second (characterizing a low quality of life)—1 point. The subject estimates each item in points depending on the proximity to one or another pole. All items are grouped into 3 scales—well-being, activity, mood, each of which is the sum of points of the corresponding items, divided by 10. Results The primary study showed a significantly lower score for all three scales of the questionnaire in CKD patients compared to the CG without a significant difference in the indicators in CKD patients, depending on the age of the patients. One hour after the end of HD, all patients showed a significant decrease in the score of all scales of the questionnaire (Fig. 1), which is explained by sharp hemodynamic and metabolic shifts associated with hemodialysis. Thus, the C score decreased by 3.18% from the initial one, A—by 4.72%, H—by 21.13% (P < 0.001). During HD with intradialytic FN, a decrease in all SAM scores was also noted (Fig. 2), while the relative dynamics were comparable with the dynamics during standard HD (on scale C—well-being, the relative dynamics was −3.71%, against −3.18% during standard HD, on scale A—activity −0.92% and −4.72%, respectively, on scale H—mood −12.85% and −21.13%), however, by the 3rd day after HD, the SAM scores increased significantly above the scores achieved after the standard procedure and pre-dialysis data. Thus, the relative dynamics of C with pre-dialysis data was +31.44% versus −0.57 with standard HD (P < 0.001), A on the A scale—+51.06% versus −2.56% (P < 0.001), on the H scale—+24.82% versus −1.19% (P < 0.01). Distribution of the results of the SAM assessment during HD with FE depending on the age of patients revealed: by the end of HD with FE, the point score on the C scale decreased significantly less in patients of the younger group (P < 0.05), while the decrease in the A and H scores was comparable, regardless of the age group. On the 3rd day after HD with FE, a higher score on the A scale was achieved in the young group compared to older patients (P < 0.05), the scores of the C and H scales were comparable. Comparison with the dynamics against the background of standard HD revealed that by the end of HD with FN, the score of H in both age groups retained higher values ​​(P < 0.001 reliability of the difference with standard HD in the young group and P < 0.01 in the group of older patients), the score of the C scale in the older group, and the score of A in the young group also demonstrated a more favorable profile compared to the change during standard HD. By the 3rd day after HD with FN, in both age groups, the scores C and A reached higher values ​​compared to standard HD. Conclusion In CKD patients the QOL score according to the SAM system is reduced (8.27 points vs. 17.98 points, P < 0.001). HD contributes to further deterioration of these health aspects, with restoration to the initial level by the beginning of the next session. Intradialytic physical activity helps limit the degree of deterioration in quality of life by the end of the HD procedure and improves QOL in the interdialytic period.

Introduction. More than 80% of healthcare workers experience professional burnout during their work, but there is no systematic monitoring of the risk and level of professional burnout in this professional group. To address this issue, it is necessary to regularly assess the psychoemotional state of healthcare workers, taking into account their specialty, length of service, and individual workload, and to develop targeted preventive programs. The aim of the study. To consider the features of occupational burnout among doctors of therapeutic and surgical profile in specialized hospitals. Research materials and methods. The study included doctors: group 1 – gastroenterologists (n=52 people); group 2 – cardiologists (n=58 people); group 3 – oncologists-therapists (n=48 people); group 4 – abdominal surgeons (n=71 people); group 5 – cardiac surgeons (n=30 people); group 6 – oncologists and surgeons (n=65 people); and group 7 – control group: employees of engineering, technical, and economic specialties who are not related to work in medical institutions (healthy) (n=75 people).The assessment of the level of occupational burnout among medical workers was carried out using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) methodology developed by K. Maslach, S. Jackson, adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova.Results. The professional activity of doctors of therapeutic and surgical specialties is associated with the effects of chronic occupational stress, leading to the development of occupational burnout. Emotional exhaustion was more pronounced among specialist doctors whose work was related to the treatment of oncological and cardiovascular diseases, and to a lesser extent depended on the therapeutic and surgical profile. The indicator of depersonalization was statistically significantly increased only in the group of oncological surgeons. The reduction of personal achievements significantly differed in profile and was more pronounced among surgical specialists. The mental burnout index highlights the difference between groups of surgical doctors due to the presence of high and extremely high values.Limitations. The study has regional (Samara region) and occupational (in terms of the detailed working conditions in the comparison groups studied) limitations.Conclusion. These features of burnout in groups of doctors of therapeutic and surgical profile imply the conduct of diagnostic tests in these groups with different multiplicities. Knowledge of the differences in the severity of certain indices of professional burnout for different groups of doctors of therapeutic and surgical profile, taking into account specialization can be used in the preparation of a program for the prevention of professional burnout in doctors.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted as part of the comprehensive topic of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor V.V. Kosarev of the Samara State Medical University “Problems of polymorbidity, diagnostics, prognosis, and prevention of occupational and work-related diseases in workers with isolated combined exposure to factors of the production environment and the work process” (registration number 124053000016-4, registration date 30.05.2024). The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Samara State Medical University on 23.09.2023. Each study participant gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Melentyev A.V. – concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text, editing; Babanov S.A. – concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text, editing; Lysova M.V. – concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text, editing; Zhestkov A.V. – writing the text, editing; Strizhakov L.A. – writing the text, editing; Babanov A.S. – writing the text, editing; Ostryakova N.A. – writing the text, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: June 2, 2025 / Revised: June 4, 2025 / Accepted: September 19, 2025 / Published: October 20, 2025

December 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of the famous Russian histologist, teacher, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of Orenburg State Medical University, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation Shevlyuk Nikolai Nikolaevich. He was born on December 10, 1950 in the Kazakh SSR, in the village of Linovitsk, Martuk district, Aktobe region, into a family of employees of the Shevchenko MTS. In 1972, after graduating with honors from the Orenburg Pedagogical Institute (Faculty of Natural Geography, Department of Biology and Chemistry), N.N. Shevlyuk enrolled in postgraduate studies at the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of the Orenburg Medical Institute. After completing his postgraduate studies, he has been working at the same department since 1975, where he worked his way up from assistant to professor (in 1975-1990 - assistant, in 1990-1998 - associate professor, from 1998 to the present - professor of the department). Simultaneously with his work at the department, in 1998-2006 he worked in the Laboratory of Functional Cell Morphology at the Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (senior, then leading researcher). In 2000-2017. Concurrently, he worked at the Department of Zoology and Ecology of Orenburg State Pedagogical University as a professor of the department. He was awarded the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences in 1978, Doctor of Biological Sciences in 1998. He was awarded the academic title of associate professor in 1991, and the academic title of professor in 2000. Nikolai Nikolaevich is one of the major scientists in the field of problems of ecological and morphological, comparative and evolutionary histology, problems of morphogenesis and regeneration, questions of the history of science, as well as questions of methods of teaching histology. The analysis of the colossal array of factual material accumulated by him is reflected in an impressive number of scientific papers. Professor N.N. Shevlyuk described for the first time the ultrastructure of the Leydig cells of the testes of some vertebrates and identified the main directions of adaptive rearrangements of testicular endocrinocytes under the action of various destabilizing influences. He created a large Orenburg scientific histological school, the cornerstone of which was the study of the ecological morphology of the organs of the reproductive system of vertebrates inhabiting the anthropogenically transformed and natural ecosystems of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals, of which he has been the scientific director for about 25 years.

BACKGROUND. The Russian government has set itself an ambitious goal – to significantly increase both the duration and quality of life of citizens, paying special attention to the older generation. The promotion and comprehensive support of active longevity is becoming a key area of government policy. The essence of this strategy is to maximize the involvement of older people in work and social life, which, in turn, has a positive effect on their physical and psychological condition. Voronezhstat data for 2024 indicate that pensioners make up an impressive 42 % of the population of the Voronezh Region. This figure clearly demonstrates the scale of the task facing the regional authorities to ensure a decent life and social adaptation of the older generation.OBJECTIVE. To determine the effectiveness of a recovery program for 65-year-old women with sarcopenic obesity.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study involved 60 people selected according to certain criteria. The studied patients were classified according to the presence or absence of sarcopenic obesity. To analyze the effectiveness of rehabilitation intervention, two groups were formed: experimental and control. For 6 months, the participants of the experimental group, in addition to traditional treatment, underwent a rehabilitation program developed at the N. N. Burdenko State Medical University. The program included physical exercises, dosed according to the condition and functional capabilities of the patients, as well as a high-protein diet (1.0 g/kg/day). The Sports Complex (SC) of the N. N. Burdenko VSMU, as part of the program for the rehabilitation of the elderly, offers a course of 10 thematic classes organized in a scientifically based manner for this category of patients. Classes lasting 60 minutes are held 2 times a week for 6 months in a certain sequence. On the first day, a group is formed and an introductory lecture is held. Participants are explained the principles of the program, rules of conduct, individual wishes are taken into account. A medical examination is conducted by a doctor to identify health problems. The day ends with an introductory complex of therapeutic gymnastics and an introduction to the psychologist. The second session starts with therapeutic gymnastics and continues in the phytobar with a discussion of physiological changes in old age with basic recommendations. The third day includes therapeutic gymnastics in the gym and a talk on the prevention of aging of the musculoskeletal system, as well as an introductory chiropractic procedure. The fourth day includes a session in the swimming pool and discussion of the basics of proper nutrition and modern diets, principles of healthy lifestyle. The fifth session - discussion of techniques and performance of breathing exercises and inhalations. The sixth day - exercise machines, discussion about skin care and anti-cellulite massage, doctor's examination. The seventh session - dosed walking and a talk about its role in longevity. Eighth session - Nordic walking and a talk about its principles, pros and cons, a session with a psychologist. The program is completed by a walk in nature (ninth day) and a relaxation complex of therapeutic gymnastics (tenth day).RESULTS. In the experimental group of patients suffering from sarcopenic obesity, statistically significant changes in anthropometry and quality of life were found after the rehabilitation course. There was a significant decrease in weight (from 90.1 kg to 84.2 kg; p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (from 32.8 kg/m2 to 30.9 kg/m2; p < 0.001). At the same time, after rehabilitation measures, there was a noticeable increase in absolute (from 14.8 kg to 16.2 kg; p < 0.001) and relative (from 16% to 22%; p < 0.001) muscle mass, as well as the MMI/BMI ratio (from 0.459 to 0.583; p < 0.001). The assessment of quality of life revealed a significant decrease in the overall score, which indicates an improvement in various aspects of life in these patients. Statistically significant changes in anthropometric indicators and quality of life assessment were also recorded in patients of the experimental group without sarcopenic obesity. There was a marked decrease in body weight (from 80.0 kg to 74.9 kg; p = 0.001) and BMI (from 28.2 kg/m2 to 25.3 kg/m2; p < 0.001 CONCLUSION. Regular physical activity, especially of an aerobic nature, stimulates the mechanisms of muscle tissue repair. In addition to building muscle mass, they have a positive effect on the functioning of the heart and blood vessels of the brain, which is especially important for overweight people.

The modern requirements for a medical university graduate include a clear and competent mastery of practical skills, which will be in demand in future medical practice, as well as the improvement of final certification, as this is the stage where the university's performance is evaluated. The authors offer their own experience in conducting OSCE at the Simulation and Certification Center of the Gomel State Medical University using the Argus system.

Development of Competencies of Simulation Center Staff Using the Example of the Federal Accreditation Center of Perm State Medical University

The Experience of Combining Clinical and Simulation Education in the Training of Surgical Specialists at Wagner State Medical University

Interaction of residents in the specialty "Anesthesiology-resuscitation", studying at I. I. Mechnikov North-West State Medical University and students of St. Petersburg V. M. Bekhterev Medical College, studying in the specialty "Nursing", specialization "Anesthesiology-resuscitation" within the framework of multi-team classes on advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on the simulation center.