State-owned Land Research Articles

From camp to quarter: the contention of post-disaster social housing in al-Mankubin, North Lebanon

Abstract The neighbourhood of al-Mankubin was established as an encampment for the displaced of Tripoli, North Lebanon, after a disastrous flood in 1955. This article analyses the history of a lesser-known internal displacement camp in Lebanon and its urban consolidation. In contrast to narratives of Mankubin’s abandonment by the state, this article argues that actors within Lebanon’s fragmented state supported the establishment and growth of the quarter. The issue of squatting on state-owned land is interrogated through an analysis of the flood relief process in the 1950s and the subsequent derailment of the housing project for the flood-displaced. Today, al-Mankubin sits at the intersection of social housing and encampment, perpetuated over seven decades by the absence of land tenure and as a site of convergence for displaced persons and migrants from Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria.

Factors Influencing Technical Efficiency of the Rice (Oryza sativa) Farming

Increasing production and productivity, primarily done in the rice production centers, is the main focus to reduce the rate of rice imports in Indonesia. Measuring technical efficiency and analyzing factors influencing of rice farming is important in order to achieve maximum production and to obtain maximum profits. This study aims to determine the level of technical efficiency of rice farming analyze factors affecting rice farming. The research location was chosen purposively in Kedungadem, Kalitidu, and Kapas Districts with a sample of 150 rice farmers using simple random sampling. The analytical methods used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the Variable Return to Scale (VRS) model to measure technical efficiency, while tobit regression analysis to identify factors affecting technical efficiency, and farm income analysis. The research results indicate that the factors significantly affecting technical efficiency are land size, level of formal education, farming experience, and land ownership status. The technical efficiency level of rice farming in the study areas, assessed using the DEA approach under the VRS assumption, was classified to be moderate efficient. However, rice farming in the study sites can be considered as profitable. Keywords: Education, Land ownership, Land size, Variable Return to Scale (VRS).

Grappling with Refusal, Self-representation, and Visual Sovereignty at the Knoflokskraal Khoisan “Reclaim”

ABSTRACT In 2020, a group Khoisan activists began occupying state-owned land near Grabouw, South Africa. Knoflokskraal has since attracted thousands of residents against the backdrop of widespread disappointment with land reform, heritage policies, and various forms of socio-economic marginalisation. The common labelling of Knoflokskraal as a “land invasion” overlooks the unique features of this self-styled “reclaim”, not least the agency that its residents embody in asserting a sense of indigenous visual sovereignty. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2022 among residents and community representatives, we highlight instances of interlocutors refusing to go along with mainstream research practices and conforming to widely held expectations surrounding Khoisan representation, but instead imprinting their presence on the landscape in unique ways. Knoflokskraal offers a rare glimpse into self-representation through land reform beyond the purview of the government. Read through the lens of refusal, this case study also prompts researchers to grapple with broader issues relating to research practices, indigenous agency, and visual sovereignty.

Turning land into assets: local government borrowing through land assetization in China

ABSTRACT Local governments use state-owned land to raise massive funds to finance urban development in China. However, how is land formed and calculated as a financial asset? We aim to unpack the political-economic dynamics underpinning the phenomenon of turning land into a financial asset. Based on practices in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Jiaxing, this study provides a concrete account of how state-owned land is mobilized to secure funds by urban development corporations (chengtous) and the state itself through land reserve bonds. In either approach, the state manipulates asset formation and calculative techniques to achieve a favorable quantification of asset value. Therefore, the land is not a standard type of collateral but an extension of state credit. We contribute to the geography of assetization by arguing that land is turned into assets through state actions beyond being colonized by financialized techniques.

OPTIMALISASI BUFFER ZONE SEBAGAI PENGAMAN PERMUKIMAN DI SEKITAR DEPO TANGKI BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK PT. PERTAMINA PLUMPANG, JAKARTA

The fuel storage tanks in Plumpang, North Jakarta, owned by PT. Pertamina Tbk. initially had a land area of ​​153 hectares, with the use of 71 hectares as an operational area and the rest as a buffer zone. However, the buffer zone changed its function to a residential area as a place of residence and economic activities for the community which became increasingly dense accompanied by issues of land ownership status. The Plumpang fuel storage tanks fire incident that occurred several times which caused loss of life and property, is a reminder of the importance of a buffer zone that serves as a separating space between areas at risk of flammable material disasters and residential areas. This paper is the result of research on the analysis of the optimization of land requirements for the Plumpang fuel storage tanks buffer zone, by applying quantitative descriptive methods and spatial mapping of the area using Arcgis software, with reference to fuel depot safety standards. It requires the acquisition of 5.2 hectares of land as a buffer zone area in the form of a safe distance from the safety fence wall, construction of a ditch that functions as an accident pool, and re-arrangement of settlements directly adjacent to the buffer zone.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Terkait dengan Pentingnya Pemahaman Hak Atas Tanah di Desa Bayur Kota Samarinda

Land is a source of livelihood and subsistence for people and communities, and is considered the most basic human need due to its high value and usefulness in human life. In fact, land and people are closely intertwined. This underscores the importance of land ownership status. However, there are still individuals who are unaware of permanent land rights, such as Hak Milik, Hak Guna Bangunan, Hak Guna Usaha, and Hak Pakai. This research entitled “Community Legal Awareness of the Importance of Understanding Land Rights in Bayur Village, Samarinda City” uses empirical juridical methods and is accompanied by community service through socialization to the community. The aim is to provide explanations and discussions so that Bayur Village residents understand the importance of the ownership status of land rights for their owners, which can be used as a place to live and productive land that is beneficial to the community in Bayur Village. Through legal counseling, PKM activities have been able to increase community awareness and knowledge regarding the importance of understanding land rights in order to prevent disputes over land owned by the community.

Technical Efficiency in Bitter Melon Plants Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model in Tanah Laut District

Farm technical efficiency involves maximizing output while minimizing input costs. In Tanah Laut Regency, bitter melon production fluctuates annually due to climatic factors and inefficient input use. On average, farmers use 0.47 hectares of land, 166 grams/ha of seeds, 2,659 kg/ha of organic fertilizer, 208 kg/ha of inorganic fertilizer, 7.08 liters/ha of liquid pesticides, 7.24 kg/ha of solid pesticides, and 339 HKSP of labor. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) indicates that farmers are technically inefficient, with average technical efficiencies of 80.8% (CRS-DEA), 89.9% (VRS-DEA), and 89.8% (SE-DEA). Among the farmers, 32% operate under increasing returns to scale (IRS), 26% under constant returns to scale (CRS), and 42% under decreasing returns to scale (DRS). A logit regression model reveals that education level, farming experience, and number of family members significantly impact technical efficiency, while age, land ownership status, and off-farm income do not. To enhance efficiency, farmers should reduce input use by emulating the practices of their more efficient peers.

How Do “One-Time Bidding, Average Price Win” Land Auction Rules Affect Land Prices: A Quasinatural Experiment in Suzhou, China

The land price reflects the supply and demand relationship in the land market and plays an important role in regulating land use. Improving land auction rules is of great significance for avoiding abnormal fluctuations in the land market and promoting the sustainable use of land resources. To regulate the abnormal fluctuations in the state-owned land use rights’ auction prices, Chinese local governments have implemented a “sealed one-time bidding, average price wins” rule. However, limited theoretical and empirical research that assesses its policy impact exists. This study examines the policy motivations behind this rule, constructing three game models; namely, static complete information, static incomplete information, and multiperiod repeated games. By deducing bidding strategies and equilibrium results, hypotheses are formulated. A baseline difference-in-differences (DID) and a dynamic policy effect model are designed, and the Python crawler is used to obtain 1182 microland auction samples in Suzhou. This study evaluates the impact of the one-time bidding rule on the starting prices, transaction prices, and premium rates. The empirical results underwent multiple robustness tests, eliminating potential endogeneity issues and biases. The results show that while the policy is effective in restraining the premium rate, indicating the bidding intensity in single-land auctions, it proves challenging to curb the long-term rise in land prices through continuous bidding auctions. Moreover, the policy may stimulate local governments to increase auction starting prices.

Analysis of Technical Efficiency on Orange Fleshed Sweet Potatoes Production Among the Smallholder Farmers in Migori County Kenya

Sweet potatoes (<i>Ipomea batatas </i>L.), particularly the orange fleshed variety, have become increasingly popular due to their ability to thrive in various environmental conditions with minimal inputs. Orange fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSPs) show potential for productivity, yet smallholder farmers in Kenya still struggle to maximize their yields. The factors influencing OFSP production efficiency among these farmers in Western Kenya have not been thoroughly examined. This study evaluated the technical efficiency of OFSP production among smallholder farmers in Migori County. Using a descriptive research design, a sample of 225 OFSP farmers was randomly selected by a cluster sampling technique. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire on inputs and selected socio-economic factors. The data was analyzed using the frontier stochastic model in STATA. Smallholder farmers estimated mean technical efficiency was 77.82% significant variables were; size of the land, availability of planting vines, access to hired labour, gender of the household decision maker, farming experience, household size, land ownership status, participation in training programs and extension services, and proximity to markets, indicating a need to improve OFSP production by 22.18%. These findings suggest that to reduce inefficiencies among smallholder OFSP farmers, targeted training programs are needed to enhance farmers' agronomic knowledge specific to OFSP production. Further, policy interventions should prioritize the provision of extension services to support and improve the performance of OFSP smallholder farmers.

Determinan Keputusan Petani Mengelola Usahatani Padi Di Lahan Suboptimal

The conversion of paddy fields seriously impacts rice availability for national food reserves, so the government is implementing a sub-optimal land extension program. Indonesia has suboptimal land that has the potential to become a national rice barn if appropriately managed. The types of suboptimal land most widely used in rice cultivation are lowland and tidal swamps, where the community can work. This research analyzes the determinants of rice farmers' decisions in managing suboptimal land. This research was conducted in West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, with a sample of 90 rice farmers. Data were analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression method. The determining factors are seen from the demographic and economic aspects. The research results show that factors that significantly influence farmers' decisions to choose tidal land from the demographic aspect are age and farming experience; from the economic element are the number of family dependents, land ownership status, and non-farming income. The significant determining factors in farmers' decisions to manage lowland swamp land from the demographic aspect are age and farming experience, and from the economic element are the number of family dependents and non-farming income. From the research, recommendations that can maximize the use of suboptimal land are increasing promotion and education to the community about rice cultivation on suboptimal land, providing easy access for farmers to rent land, and it is hoped that farmers will continue to have non-farming income to balance household needs and procurement of capital and farming input.

Coordinated Development of Forests and Society: Insights and Lessons from Natural Forest Restoration and Regional Development in China

Mitigating and avoiding social unrest caused by ecological forest restoration is a key factor in the coordinated development of forests and society. Forests, which are intricately linked with society, serve as a vital source of timber, non-timber forest products, and ecosystem services. Ecological forest restoration projects must carefully consider the relationship between forests and society to promote their coordinated development. As a key implementation area for the Natural Forest Resource Protection Project, the state-owned forest regions in Northeast China have experienced a crisis regarding harvestable resources and social unrest caused by protection policies and are currently innovating in policies and practices to mitigate social unrest. This study focuses on the history of natural forest resource conservation projects in China’s state-owned forest areas as a case study for empirical research, aiming to provide insights into ecological restoration models that foster harmony between forests and society. The empirical analyses reveal the following findings: (1) As a result of strict protection, natural forest resources on state-owned land have transitioned from providing timber to ecosystem services and non-timber products. (2) The strict logging ban policy has led to severe resource shortages; from 2000 to 2020, for every 10,000 cubic meter decrease in timber harvest, the per capita output in state-owned forest areas has dropped by more than CNY 500 (approximately USD 70). (3) Proactive ecological restoration can effectively alleviate social unrest; from 2000 to 2020, for every additional 10,000 hectares of forest tending, the average wage increased by more than CNY 900 (approximately USD 127). (4) Regional transformation can effectively generate a buffer effect to mitigate social unrest caused by strict forest protection policies and leverage the beneficial resources produced by ecological forest restoration to develop new drivers of economic growth. By systematically reviewing the comprehensive implementation of the NFPP, this paper’s findings provide insights into ecological restoration strategies that promote the harmonious development of forests and society.

Impact of agricultural land ownership on child nutrition in rural Sudan: an investigation across gender

Purpose In light of the inequality in access to farming land and the high prevalence of child malnutrition in Sudan, there is a lack of empirical research on the relationship between land ownership and child nutritional status. This study aims to examine the influence of agricultural landholding on the nutritional status of children under the age of five in rural Sudan.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes data from Sudan’s 2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), covering a sample of 10,753 rural children. The empirical analysis uses the two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach, adopting various estimation methods and model specifications for robustness check and comparison.Findings The results demonstrate that agricultural land has a positive and significant effect on reducing child malnutrition, signifying that children from families with agricultural land are less susceptible to malnutrition in Sudan. When examining the male and female sub-samples separately, the findings indicate a positive influence of land ownership on child malnutrition in the female sub-sample, while no significant impact is observed in the male sub-sample. This indicates a gender disparity in the effects of land ownership on child nutrition, with girls benefiting more from access to agricultural land compared to boys.Originality/value The study has several significant contributions. First, this is the sole study that examines the impact of agricultural land ownership on child malnutrition in Sudan. Second, considering the gender variations in nutritional status, investigating the influence of land ownership on child nutrition across genders addresses a significant gap in the current literature. Finally, the findings resulting from this study can contribute to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030, precisely focusing on SDG2 Goal 2: Zero hunger and SDG 10: Goal 10: Reduced inequalities.

Efforts of The People of Geyongan Village In Obtaining Rights To Former Pangonan Land

The certificate of right to use on state land is a legal instrument that gives the holder the right to use state land for a certain period of time in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws. This study examines the case of State Land intended for pangonan, which is located in Dukupace Block, Geyongan Village, Cirebon Regency, where the villagers use the abandoned Pangonan land, then they control it for various purposes such as agriculture and housing. Even though they have controlled the land for many years, the community does not have its ownership status. This will cause problems in the future if the status of the land is not yet owned by the people who occupy the land. The research method used is empirical juridical, with reference to various previous studies on state land ownership and land distribution justice. The results of the study show that there is a lack of public understanding of procedures and ownership conflicts. To overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to simplify the mechanism regarding rules and increase socialization. This study provides fair and inclusive policy recommendations, as well as concrete steps to improve the process of issuing use rights certificates and recognition of land rights based on long-standing physical tenure.

Land Ownership (Custom) Viewed from Historical Perspectives, Socio-Cultural and Tenurial Issues in Simalungun District

This study aims to examine the status of land ownership in Simalungun district in terms of historical, social, cultural and tenure perspectives. It is important to study this issue because until now the issue of land ownership has not been thoroughly resolved because there are migrants who claim that their customary land was found in Simalungun, whereas in reality their customary land was not found in Simalungun, but what was found was the king's land ( partuanon) according to the surname of the lord of the rest of the kitchen based on the custom of the tolu sahundulan lima saodoran. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis begins with the process of collecting primary data through in-depth interviews with 13 informants. By using interview guideline research instruments combined with the results of library research. The results of the interview transcripts were collected, tabulated, analyzed, verified, and displayed until the conclusions of the research results were formulated. The results of this study showed that in Simalungun district there were no customary lands, customary forests and customary lands from migrant residents and ethnic Simalungun. The land in Simalungun district is the king's land (Partuanon), the people and migrants are only given the right to cultivate, not to own in accordance with the ruling king's clan, namely Sisidapur and Simalungun customary law based on the Tolu sahundulan lima saodoran custom. The transfer of rights and land tenure in Simalungun district occurred after the proclamation of 17 August 1945 and the social revolution in 1946. All land in the former autonomous region in Simalungun became state property, including all of PT. TPL Tbk's concession land in Simalungun district.

Covering the land with oil palm: revelation, value, and landownership among the Kairak‐speaking Baining of Papua New Guinea

AbstractThis article explores how a displaced Papua New Guinean people decided to lease their customary land for oil palm plantation farming to restore their land use rights and resolve ongoing disputes with migrant settlers. By transforming the landscape into a territorialized space as a plantation, Kairak‐speaking Baining hoped to gain actual landownership status and control over their land, which in turn, they believed, could bring them the development they had long dreamed of. I argue that Kairak conceptions about the plantation as a tool to reveal their landownership and remove the settlers drew on Melanesian notions about covering and revelation, changing perceptions of value, and discourse around ‘settlerhood’ and ‘nativism’, and show how agribusiness capital expansion strategies leverage regional politics of identity and autochthony. By illustrating how the plantation expansion unfolded differently in this region, the material offers new insights on the Plantationocene, global land grabs, dispossession and migration, and reaffirms the consequences reported elsewhere in the world where enclosures of exclusion lead to forceful rearrangements of people's social and economic lives, leaving their hopes and plantation promises unrealized.

Urban agrarian reform: opportunities and challenges for land rights among low-income communities

Agrarian reform has typically focused on the redistribution of land in rural areas, specifically targeting farmers and agricultural tracts of land. This study explores the potential for agrarian reform in urban settings and the challenges facing low-income individuals in acquiring land rights essential to adequate housing. Using statutory and theoretical perspectives demonstrates that ample opportunities still exist for urban agrarian reform to take hold via the expropriation of state-owned land and land whose rights have lapsed. Public land that has not been dedicated as a waqf or even recognized as government property and historic land rights where the building rights expired and without any application to extend those rights present empirical reform opportunities. Despite these opportunities, urban land rights remain a contested space. Many poor people live on untitled land because such a thing is considered disputed by public authorities. Conflicts arise from the physical duration of inhabitants' occupation, which is in severe contrast to claims found with entities holding either outdated or inadequate property documentation. The official bodies, particularly the Land Office, are hesitant to issue land certificates due to these conflicts. The uniqueness of this research lies in its focus on urban land reform and its implications for the poor, thus highlighting a gap in existing literature that focuses largely on rural settings. This important research study depends on the emerging need for appropriate and certain housing options in cities. The importance of this study to the discipline is that it fosters the application of national land law principles, namely equity, legal certainty, and practicality, to disputes over urban land, providing a framework for a fairer distribution of land rights.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIALUSAHA TANI KOPI ARABIKA DI DESA MASOSO KECAMATAN BAMBANG KABUPATEN MAMASA

This study aims to determine the Financial Feasibility of Arabica Coffee Farming Business in Masoso Village, Bambang District, Mamasa Regency. This research is an analysis of financial feasibility as a single variable. The source of data in this study is data collected through interviews and documentation studies. Based on the type of data needed, in this study, the participants were coffee farmers in Masoso Village. Data collection was carried out using documentation and interview techniques. Data analysis is carried out by quantative descriptive analysis. The data analysis used is Usaahatani Cost (fixed costs and variable costs), and calculates the total production and income of farmers. Then calculate the difference between revenue and cost, then a financial feasibility analysis is carried out to find out whether the farming business is feasible or not, namely B/C ratio, R/C ratio and L/R. The results of this study show that the characteristics of coffee farmers such as gender (male and female), age of coffee farmers are said to be productive, education level of formal and non-formal coffee farmers, the number of dependents of family members is at most 1 person, the land area of arabica coffee farmers is at most 9 people with an area of 0.5-1 Ha and for the status of coffee land ownership, which is their own. The results of the financial feasibility of arabica coffee farming R/C Ratio of 4,03, B/C of 3,03 can be said to be feasible, the resulting production profit of Rp 5.204.034 is said to be feasible, because it makes a profit

Poverty Level of Coffee Farmers in Bengkulu Province Based on Local Coffee Farming Income

This research aims to analyze the income of coffee farmers in Bengkulu province based on the poverty level as per Sajogyo’s 1996 theory, in the form of the “rice exchange rate”, and analyze the causal factors. Primary data was obtained from 326 farmers, interviewed using a purposive questionnaire. To identify factors causing poverty, it was analyzed using a logit function approach. As many as 19.33% of farmers are in the poor category, 21.78% are in a very poor condition, and 40.49% are in the poorest condition. Land ownership status and education are the keys for farmers to be able to have a decent life and socialize in society, this goes back to the role of the government. Keywords: income, coffee farmers, poverty, role of governmen

Analysis of Factors Influencing Farmers’ Decisions in Using Certified Seeds in Pemayung District Batang Hari Regency

This study was conducted with the objectives: 1). To identify factors that influence farmers' decisions in using certified seeds in Pemayung District. 2). To analyze factors that influence farmers' decisions in using certified seeds in Pemayung District. The study was carried out in the Batang Hari Regency's Pemayung District. Because the majority of rice growers here utilize certified seeds, this location was selected. After the discussion, a constant value (a) of -3.085 was determined. This indicates that the value of the seed usage decision is -3.085 if all the factors under study (age, income, experience, education level, and land area) have values equal to zero (0). The value of the age coefficient (b1) is 0.142. This indicates that, provided the values of the other variables remain constant, an increase of one unit in the age variable will result in a 0.142 unit drop in the seed usage decision's value. The coefficient value (b2) for education level is 0.518. The results of Nagelkerke R Square demonstrate the influence of the variables of age (X1), education (X2), farming experience (X3), land area (X4), and income (X5) on this variable. This indicates that a 42% explanation of the dependent variables can be attributed to the independent variables in the model. Other factors not included in this study, such as the activity of farmer groups, risk preferences, land ownership status, and others, account for the remaining 58% (100% - 58%). The Education variable, with a Wald value of 4.613 and a Significance value of 0.032, and the Business Experience variable are the variables with a Wald value larger than 3.841 and a significance level lower than 0.05. While other factors, such as income, land area, and age, have significance values larger than 0.050 and Wald values smaller than 3.841, they have no effect on farmers' decisions to use certified seeds.

The Existence of A Court Decision With Legal Force Remains in the Process of Registering Land Ownership for the First Time

This research aims to analyze the position of court decisions that have permanent legal force in the certificate issuance process and the mechanism for issuing land ownership certificates based on court decisions that have permanent legal force. This research is normative research which places law as a building system of norms. The approaches used by the author are the Legislative Approach and the Legal Concept Analysis Approach. The research results show that the court decision can be a strong basis for changing or updating land ownership status in land registration records. In issuing a certificate of ownership of land, the application is submitted and the Badung Regency Land Office officer carries out a field inspection. A certificate is issued if the documents are complete which can also be seen from the absence of any notes in the land book.