State Government Organizations Research Articles

통일 한국에 대비한 지방자치법제의 과제

Unification is a future that will surely come someday. In a situation where no one knows what the subject and form of unification will be, discussions on the state form, government organization, and administrative system will proceed first. Therefore, it is essential to study in advance how to set up the state form, government organization, and administrative system in preparation for a unified Korea. The state form, government organization and administrative system cannot be reformed while ignoring the balanced national development and local autonomy system. After unification, young North Koreans will also try to move to Seoul and other places to find jobs, just as we currently move to Seoul and other metropolitan areas in search of jobs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider in detail how to reorganize the state form and administrative system after unification from the perspective of balanced national development and local autonomy. After reunification, the administrative systems of the two Koreas must be reorganized to achieve balanced regional development and local autonomy. In other words, it should be reformed into a system that can reduce the development gap between the two Koreas and increase the balanced development of each region and local autonomy. The answer is the form of a federal state to make each region a well-off country by distributing authority evenly to each region. In the federal state of Korea, the administrative system should be reorganized into a federal-province-regional office-local government. It will be important to ensure that their authorities and responsibilities are aligned through a clear distribution of powers between the federal government, provinces, regional offices, and local governments, and that the administration can be operated organically between each level and at each location.

Improving Health and Addressing Social Determinants of Health Through Hospital Partnerships.

Hospitals and health systems are forming partnerships to develop an integrated social network of services that better address the needs of their surrounding communities and their social determinants of health (SDOH). There is little research on the association of these partnered services with hospital outcomes. This study examined the association between hospital social need partnerships and activities to improve hospital and community outcomes. A secondary cross-sectional design to analyze 2021 census data of nonfederal short-term acute care hospitals in the United States was utilized. Data were obtained from the American Hospital Association. Four multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyze data from 1005 hospitals. The authors found that hospital partnership type differed in association to social need outcomes. They found that hospitals with a partnership with health insurance providers were more likely to have better health outcomes. Hospitals partnered with health insurance providers, local organizations addressing housing insecurity, local businesses, or chambers of commerce were more likely to have decreased health care costs. Hospitals partnered with health care providers, health insurance providers, local organizations providing legal assistance, or law enforcement/safety forces were more likely to have decreased utilization of hospital services. However, hospitals partnered with other local or state government or social service organizations were less likely to indicate decreased utilization of services. Many hospitals and health systems across the United States are screening for SDOH and are advancing health care delivery and improving the community's overall health and well-being by identifying unmet social needs and partnering with the community to address them.

Integrating Information from the Past into Oyster Management

In the United States, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is an economically, culturally, and ecologically important oyster species that ranges from Maine to Texas. Eastern oyster populations are managed by a variety of federal, state, and local governments as well as non-governmental organizations. In addition, the long history of oyster harvesting and coastal land use change in the United States, and asynchronous fluctuations in abundance across the species range due to diverse pressures (e.g., hydrological changes, pollution, disease, overharvesting), combined with often scarce historical monitoring records documenting the timing and magnitude of the changes, have challenged oyster applied professionals for well over a century. The Oysters Past Working Group (OPWG) brings together academic researchers (paleoecologists, archaeologists, and historical ecologists) and applied professionals, representing federal, state, and local government and non-governmental organizations tasked with conserving, managing, and/or restoring oyster populations and habitat. The primary goals of the OPWG are to: 1) identify priority research directions for academic researchers by evaluating the information needs among applied professionals and the types of information from the past that may be able to address them; 2) create a guidance document on best practices for applying information from the past to oyster management; and 3) build trust and commitment to promote longer-lasting and sustained collaboration between academic researchers and applied professionals.

Who collaborates on urban resilience? An analysis of flood resilience planning networks in four coastal cities

ABSTRACT Cities are increasingly focused on building resilience. The literature on urban resilience governance emphasizes the importance of breaking down organizational silos and fostering collaboration between diverse actors. Yet few studies empirically examine whether existing resilience governance networks possess these theorized characteristics. This paper addresses this gap by focusing on flood resilience governance in four major U.S. cities and uses social network analysis to analyze the collaboration structures of organizations involved in resilience building efforts. Drawing on original survey data, results suggest that resilience governance is multi-level, with city, regional, state, and federal government organizations present in all city networks. The networks are also diverse, with nonprofit organizations, private firms, and educational or research institutions prominently featured. While these results are promising in terms of the potential for resilience to diversify participation in decision-making, we also find low levels of network density, meaning that the networks are generally sparsely connected. This suggests that the network is susceptible to fragmentation if organizations defect from the network.

Empirical Review of Entrepreneurial Youth Empowerment Initiatives in South-Western Nigeria

Youth empowerment prepares candidates for new venture initiation by transferring knowledge and developing relevant skills that improve the self-efficacy and effectiveness of the potential entrepreneur. Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition is a relevant vehicle for economic development contributing to youth employment worldwide. Over a 50-year period, the Federal, State Government and Private Institutions have established many initiatives with the aim of promoting entrepreneurship. Examples of these Federal youth empowerment initiatives are N-power, Youth Enterprise with Innovation in Nigeria (YouWin), Youth Empowering People (YEP), Graduate Internship Scheme (GIS), African Youth Empowerment Nigeria (AYEN), TraderMoni, Youth Initiative for Sustainable Agriculture in Nigeria (YISAN) and Presidential Youth Entrepreneurship Support (P-YES). The entrepreneurial components of the youth empowerment programmes of the state government are merely underplayed. Youth empowerment coordinators have not been able to engage empowerment beneficiaries to create and connect entrepreneurial components into an interactive and sustainable business start-up. The study adopts empirical study explored the entrepreneurial youth empowerment initiatives of youths to become self-employed after their initiatives from various empowerment schemes. Qualitative research is concerned with gaining an in-depth understanding of human issues. Findings show that business opportunity recognition influences business sustainability of small-scale businesses. This implies that impact of identifying business opportunities, entrepreneurial knowledge, spotting a particular business industry, transforming business ideas into reality and empowerment initiatives structures influence business sustainability of youth empowerment candidates. The study concludes that entrepreneurial empowerment initiatives have to prepare candidates for new venture opportunities by transferring knowledge and developing relevant skills. The study recommended that state government and private organizations (empowerment organizers) need to create an environment where youth empowerment beneficiaries can identify business opportunities. This will improve the performance by improving business sustainability.

ASSESSMENT OF SMALL-HOLDER RICE FARMERS’ ADOPTION LEVEL OF CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed the adoption level of climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder rice farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey approach was adopted. A multistage sampling procedure was used to selected 424 samples from the population of 3,727 smallholder rice farmers from the three agricultural zones in Kwara State. Four research questions were raised. Interview schedule was designed by the researcher as instrument for data collection. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics in form of percentage, frequency counts, mean and standard deviation. The results indicated high adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices in the study area. It is recommended that Kwara State Government and Non-governmental organizations should provide incentives inform of subsidized inputs to farmers.

What do adults want in parks? A qualitative study using walk-along interviews

BackgroundParks provide opportunities for physical activity and social interaction and are critical for enhancing public health. It is therefore important to better understand the needs and preferences of park features among adults to help park designers to create parks that optimise use. This qualitative study provided an in-depth examination of factors and characteristics that influence visitation, park-based physical activity, and social interaction among adults (19–64 years). We also explored perceptions of parks and park use and impacts of COVID on park usage and needs.MethodsParticipants (n = 27, 40.4 years [+ 11.9], 70% female) were interviewed from 2017 to 2020 while walking through one of eight diverse parks located in varying socioeconomic areas of metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Participants were prompted to discuss their experiences, opinions and preferences regarding park features. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using NVivo 12 software.ResultsPark features and characteristics highly valued for visitation related to aesthetics and atmosphere, including trees, gardens, spaciousness, and water features. Features most valued for physical activity included walking and bike tracks, basketball rings, nice aesthetics, and sports walls. Features most valued for social interaction included seating and tables, and picnic/barbecue areas.ConclusionsThis study highlights features and characteristics that may be important to prioritise, to encourage active and social park visits among adults. This evidence will help policy and decision makers, urban planners, landscape architects, and local, state, and national government organisations to create parks that support adults to lead healthy and active lives. Future research should examine the relative importance of the features identified in this study to inform future park design/redesign.

Understanding State-Level Advocacy: A Guide for Hearing Healthcare Professionals.

Advocacy is a core component of moving the hearing healthcare environment forward to optimize patient care and allow providers to work to the full extent of their scope of practice. Despite its importance, advocacy, particularly at the level of state governments, can present to many as a daunting, sometimes futile, task. The purpose of this article is to describe advocating at the state level for hearing healthcare service providers. This article will discuss considerations for audiology practitioners interested in state-level advocacy, including variations in state government organization, benefits and barriers to state advocacy, and state-level issues that affect practitioners.

The Mass Media and Gender-Based Violence in Imo State, Nigeria: A Critical Analysis

The study examined the mass media and gender base violence in Imo State. The investigation was anchored on the agenda setting and social network theories. The survey method was adopted for the study, while the sample size of 385 was drawn from a population of 5,408,756, using the Australian sample size calculator. The multistage sampling technique was adopted using questionnaire as the instrument of data collection. The researcher used simple percentages and mean analysis for the statistical analysis of data. Findings revealed that the extent to which residents of Imo State are exposed to media reports and programmes on gender-based violence is high at 44%. Analysis also revealed that, at a mean average of 3.5 (N=379), the knowledge level of residents on gender-based violence is high. It was also revealed that, at an average mean of 3.5 (N=379), media programmes and reports have been able to induce perceptive/attitudinal change on gender-based violence positively. This is so because the respondents perceive the menace or act as a threat to human, family, societal and national development. The study further revealed that adequate awareness campaigns, enlightening programme, media programmes/reports on the need for the abolition of harmful social practices were the factors that can aid media efforts in actualizing perceptive/attitudinal change on gender base violence. The researcher recommended that more media programmes aimed at discouraging all forms of violence against women should be put in place by both the state government and non-governmental organisations.

Pacific Eclipse – A tabletop exercise on smallpox pandemic response

BackgroundIn December 2019, we ran Pacific Eclipse, a pandemic tabletop exercise using smallpox originating in Fiji as a case study. Pacific Eclipse brought together international stakeholders from health, defence, law enforcement, emergency management and a range of other organisations. AimTo review potential gaps in preparedness and identify modifiable factors which could prevent a pandemic or mitigate the impact of a pandemic. MethodsPacific Eclipse was held on December 9–10 in Washington DC, Phoenix and Honolulu simultaneously. The scenario began in Fiji and becomes a pandemic. Mathematical modelling of smallpox transmission was used to simulate the epidemic under different conditions and to test the effect of interventions. Live polling, using Poll Everywhere software that participants downloaded onto their smart phones, was used to gather participant decisions as the scenario unfolded. Stakeholders from state and federal government and non-government organisations from The United States, The United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, as well as industry and non-government organisations attended. ResultsThe scenario progressed in three phases and participants were able to make decisions during each phase using live polling. The polling showed very diverse and sometimes conflicting decision making. Factors influential to pandemic severity were identified and categorised as modifiable or unmodifiable. A series of recommendations were made on the modifiable determinants of pandemic severity and how these can be incorporated into pandemic planning. These included preventing an attack through intelligence, law enforcement and legislation, improved speed of diagnosis, speed and completeness of case finding and case isolation, speed and security of vaccination response (including stockpiling), speed and completeness of contact tracing, protecting critical infrastructure and business continuity, non-pharmaceutical interventions (social distancing, PPE, border control) and protecting first responders. DiscussionPacific Eclipse illustrated the impact of a pandemic of smallpox under different response scenarios, which were validated to some extent by the COVID-19 pandemic. The framework developed from the scenario draws out modifiable determinants of pandemic severity which can inform pandemic planning for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and for future pandemics.

The Living Alone with Cognitive Impairment (LACI) project: Bridging research and policy to expand long‐term services and supports

AbstractBackgroundThere are an estimated 4.3 million people living alone with cognitive impairment (PLACI) in the United States. The COVID‐19 pandemic and the isolation incurred by shelter‐in‐place has likely exacerbated cognitive impairment in older adults who live alone. Access to formal long‐term services and supports (LTSS) is critical to this population because they lack cohabitants to assist with activities of daily living and navigating LTSS. The Living Alone with Cognitive Impairment (LACI) Project seeks to bridge research and policy to develop actionable and timely policy recommendations to address the needs of PLACI through new expansions of LTSS.MethodSeventeen Policy Advisory Group (PAG) members were recruited, including representatives from state and local government, dementia and aging advocacy organizations, LTSS providers, and LTSS policy experts. A total of 17 individual meetings were conducted with PAG members and one webinar convening of the group.ResultThe PAG identified preliminary recommendations in three areas, including: 1) important areas of inquiry for qualitative and quantitative research to address the needs of PLACI, 2) best practices for addressing equity across diverse racial/ethnic minority groups, and 3) preliminary policy recommendations that leverage existing innovations at the state and federal level. The LACI Project team is actively incorporating the PAG feedback by: a) modifying research questions for the quantitative and qualitative research, b) convening a Community Advisory Group to ensure that the research is guided by diverse community members, and c) crafting preliminary policy recommendations based on PAG input.ConclusionEngaging the expertise of an advisory group to develop policy recommendations to increase LTSS for PLACI is a promising method of bridging research and policy. The engagement of policy experts ensures by ensuring that research is designed to address the most important policy gaps and all policy recommendations are actionable and timely.

Activities of Consulates of Socialist Countries in Kyiv (Late 1940s – 1980s)

The purpose of the study is to clarify the main activities of foreign consulates in Kyiv in the period after World War II to the restoration of state independence of Ukraine in 1991 and to determine the features of their interaction with public authorities and NGOs of the Ukrainian SSR. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematization. General scientific and special scientific methods are used, in particular archival heuristics, potestar imagology, prosopography. The scientific novelty of the research results consists in the reconstruction of activities of foreign consulates in Kyiv during the researched period, the creation of a collective portrait of foreign representatives in Kyiv, the clarification of the personalities of consuls general and features of their interaction with the state government and public organizations of the Ukrainian SSR based on the archival information found in published and unpublished sources by the author. Conclusions: The right of the Ukrainian SSR to foreign policy was restored on February 1, 1944, but the Soviet leadership did not intend to give the republic real powers. This decision was due to the desire of the USSR to get the opportunity for the largest possible representation in the emerging UN. The center of the formation of organizational and legal bases of the interaction of the Ukrainian foreign policy department was the Soviet People's Commissariat (later - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), the Central Committee of the CPU exercised control over the implementation of the center's decisions. In the cities of destination, foreign missions were under the triple supervision of the foreign ministry, party bodies and the soviet KGB structures, which led to their balancing between official cooperation and veiled ideological confrontation. Given the subordinate status of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, there were established not diplomatic missions (embassies), but consular offices (consulates general and consulates) in its administrative center Kyiv. Foreign consuls were mostly career diplomats with work or study experience in the USSR or party workers

Awareness, Prevalence and Coping of Domestic Violence among Women School Teachers

Domestic violence is a normal activity in Indian society, where violence at home is considered part and parcel of life. Women have been imbibed in their minds from childhood not to discuss domestic violence in a public forum as it would bring shame to the family. Domestic violence is interpersonal violence that has shattered the lives of millions of Indian women despite their education and social status. School Teachers in rural India play a predominant role in building the nation by educating the life skills of the young generation. The study aims to find out the Awareness, Prevalence and coping of Domestic violence among the women School Teachers in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu and finds the association between domestic violence and selected socio-demographic variables. It is a descriptive study, and a Self- prepared questionnaire was administered to 80 women school teachers of Private schools. The results reveal that only 2.5 per cent of them have a high level of awareness about domestic violence and 68 per cent are not ready to share with anyone about the violence faced by them in house. It is the least focussed issue in Indian society. The study states that it is the need of the hour of the state and non Government organisations to address this problem as a public health issue to save the physical and mental health of women.

Information-centric influence strategies for quality assurance in reverse logistics supply chains: external stakeholders' perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, to identify the information-centric strategies of external stakeholders that influence the quality assurance (QA) in the reverse logistics supply chains (RLSC) of demolition waste (DW) and, secondly, to recognize the determinants for using each strategy.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 professionals representing five external stakeholder groups: state and local government agencies, non-government organizations (NGOs), forward supply chain upstream and downstream actors. The data was analyzed based on Creswell's five-step process, and the conventional content analysis was used for coding and generating themes.FindingsThe study found seven information-centric influence strategies: regulating, monitoring, leading, incentivizing, demolition approval, forming contracts and specifications. The state government organizations were the most dominant in influencing the QA in RLSC. All external stakeholders use both aggressive and cooperative strategies. The urgent, legitimate and economic core of the issue decides the type of strategy to exert an information-centric influence over the QA in RLSC of DW.Originality/valueTo the author's best knowledge, this study is one of the first investigations performed based on a theoretical basis within the context of RLSC in the construction industry (CI). This study used empirical data to elaborate the stakeholder theory while providing new knowledge on stakeholder influence, particularly those relevant to information sharing. Thus, this study developed a theoretical base that future researchers in the study domain could use.

ACCEPTANCE AND BARRIER OF ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN NIGERIA

Purpose: This study assesses the performance, determine the barriers and effects of electronic health records on the staff of Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Method/Approach: This study was designed to explore the experiences of staff that practised a computerized or electronic health record in Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital, Osun State, Nigeria (OAUTH). This study utilized a quantitative method. The study sample includes 10 respondents from the intensive care unit, 40 respondents from the health information department, 25 respondents from nurses and 25 respondents from the medical doctors of the hospital. The respondents were purposively selected and the instrument (questionnaire) was administered using the random sampling technique. Findings/results: This study showed that there is a high performance (80%) of EHR in the hospital. Most respondents (65%) opined that EHR is easy to use. The assessment of the respondents about the ability of EHR to reduce medical error revealed that about 75% said EHR will reduce medical error. In addition to this, about 80% of the respondents said EHR is important in the transmission of patient prescription. The barrier to the implementation of electronic health record includes an inadequate computer (50%), lack of uniform hospital standard (55%), start-up financial costs (60%) and training and productivity loss. Recommendation: The hospital management, federal and state government and non-governmental organizations should work together to remove all barrier to the implementation of electronic health records through the provision of computer systems, finance, stable electricity supply, man-power training and employment of adequate staff. Article visualizations:

Determinants of Youth Farmers’ Participation in Agricultural Activities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

A refocus on agriculture is considered a pertinent resort for the youths because it is generally believed to be a panacea for sustainable development in any nation. To help generate suitable policies to encourage youth farmers to be involved in agricultural activities, the study analysed factors that influence youth farmers’ participation in agricultural activities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
 
 Through a list of farmers obtained with the assistance of Akwa Ibom State Agricultural Development Programme, 120 youth farmers were randomly selected for the study using simple random sampling technique. The study used descriptive and inferential tools to analyse information collected. The majority (59.2%) of youth farmers were male and 42.5% were between the ages of 36-39 years. Only 8.3% had access to credit. About 71% of the youth farmers were involved in on-farm activities and only 29.2% in both on- and off-farm activities. The major determinants of youth agricultural activities were household size and membership of social organizations. The state government and other relevant agencies and organizations should create platforms to educate youth farmers on the need for more involvement and diversification in their agricultural livelihood strategies.

Designing parks for older adults: A qualitative study using walk-along interviews

The proportion of older adults in the population is increasing and ageing is associated with poorer physical, mental and social health. Hence, there is increasing need for community facilities that are appealing and suitable to older adults and promote good health and well-being. Visiting parks has been shown to facilitate a multitude of physical, psychological, and social health benefits; however, the frequency of park visitation by older adults is low. A better understanding of the needs and preferences of park features among older adults will help park designers to create parks that encourage their visitation. The aim of this qualitative walk-along study was to explore park features that influence park visitation, park-based physical activity and social interaction among older adults (65+ years). Participants (n = 30, mean age = 74.9 years [sd 5.4)], 50 % female) were interviewed by a researcher while walking in one of eight diverse parks located in varying socio-economic status areas of metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using NVivo 12 software. Participants primarily reported using parks for walking, sitting/relaxing, enjoying nature and socialising with others and walking was the preferred park-based activity. Park features highly valued for visitation included: a well-maintained, peaceful and attractive environment with established trees, gardens and birdlife; seating; pleasant paths; toilets; cafés; water features; shade/shelter; facilities for grandchildren; and the presence of other people. Features most valued for physical activity included walking paths, organised activities, and fitness equipment. Features most valued for social interaction included picnic/barbecue facilities, organised events, a café and aesthetics. This evidence is important for policy and decision makers, urban planning, landscape architects, and local, state and national government organisations to ensure our parks are designed to support older adults to lead healthy and active lives.

Wildfire Smoke Risk Communication Efficacy: A Content Analysis of Washington State's 2018 Statewide Smoke Event Public Health Messaging.

Wildfire events are increasing in prevalence and intensity in the Pacific Northwest. Effective communication of health risks and actions to reduce exposure to wildfire smoke is imperative. We assessed the content of wildfire smoke risk messages from government organizations and mainstream media during a major wildfire smoke event in August 2018. We conducted a content analysis of wildfire smoke risk information communicated by local and state government organizations and the mainstream media. Eight Washington State counties during a statewide wildfire smoke event in August 2018. Leveraging the Extended Parallel Process Model and information in the existing literature on wildfire smoke and health, we assessed messages for the presence of information regarding health risk, personal interventions, administrative interventions, vulnerable populations, and trusted sources of information. Summary statistics were calculated to identify common messages about recommended interventions, vulnerable populations cited, and trusted sources of public health information. Of the 273 identified government and media messages on wildfire smoke, the majority (71% and 66%) contained information about health risks. However, only 46% and 33% of government and media messages contained information about personal interventions to reduce risk, and 37% and 14% of government and media messages contained information about administrative interventions to reduce risk. Less than half of government and media messages (28% and 31%) contained information specific to vulnerable populations, and 58% and 46% of government and media messages contained any reference to a trusted source of information. While information about wildfire smoke and health risks was communicated during Washington's August 2018 wildfire smoke event, there remains considerable opportunity to include additional information about interventions, vulnerable populations, and trusted sources of information. We recommend several opportunities to improve and evaluate risk communication and risk reduction before, during, and after future wildfire smoke events.

IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF CIVIL SERVANTS: THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP, WORK MOTIVATION AND COMPETENCE

The optimal performance of civil servants is the target of every state government organization. This aim aims to analyze the influence of leadership style, work motivation and competence both partially and simultaneously on employee performance at the Regional Revenue Service Office of West Sulawesi Province. The research method used is multiple regression analysis to see the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable with the help of SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that leadership has a significant positive effect on employee performance; motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance; Competence hasn’t a significant positive effect on performance. Simultaneously, leadership style, work motivation and competence have a significant positive effect on employee performance.

Developing Natural Rubber Based Manufacturing Microenterprise Cluster in the State of Tripura

Being the second-largest natural rubber producing state in India, in the northeastern Indian state of Tripura, there exists a great potential for the development of manufacturing activities related to rubber at Tripura. As of now, the industry is in the initial stage and is struggling. To develop this industry, hand-holding support is required from state government and other support organisations. Over a period of time, development of cluster related to some products like micro cellular sheets, rubber mats, rubber bands, black molded rubber products, may be thought of, based on actual experiences certain product or product categories having distinct comparative advantages over competitors may be chosen and developing clusters may planned followed by forward and backward linkages hence increasing the pace of economic development in the region. This field research article, primarily based on Key Information Interviews, explores the strengths and the opportunities; identifies the weakness and threats in this area and proposes the possible steps which could be taken to develop natural rubber-based manufacturing micro-enterprise cluster in the state of Tripura.