State Economic Development Research Articles

Spatial–Temporal Variation and the Influencing Factors of NO2 Column Concentration in the Plateau Mountains of Southwest China

Given the complex terrain and economic development status of Guizhou Province, research on tropospheric NO2 column concentration using satellite remote sensing is still insufficient. Observing the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of tropospheric NO2 column concentration can ensure the stable development of air quality. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, NO2 column concentration data retrieved from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, and geographic detector methods (Geodetector). The results show that NO2 column concentration in Guizhou Province exhibits seasonal variation, characterized by higher levels in winter and lower levels in summer, with transitional values in spring and autumn. The annual average concentration was highest in 2021 at 3.47 × 10−5 mol/m2 and lowest in 2022 at 2.85 × 10−5 mol/m2. Spatially, NO2 column concentration displays a distribution pattern of “high in the west, low in the east; high in the north, low in the south”, with significant spatial clustering. The distribution of cold and hot spots aligns with areas of high and low values. NO2 column concentration is primarily influenced by socio-economic factors, with the interaction between any two factors enhancing the explanatory power of individual factors on NO2 column concentration.

Research on the impact of regional innovation capability on high-quality economic development in Anhui Province

This study aims to explore the impact mechanism of regional innovation capabilities on high-quality economic development in Anhui Province. By systematically sorting out relevant theoretical and empirical research at home and abroad, the main problems faced by Anhui Province in improving regional innovation capabilities are analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. The research uses multiple methods such as literature review, statistical analysis and case analysis to comprehensively evaluate Anhui Province's innovation capabilities and economic development status. The results show that Anhui Province has made significant progress in the field of scientific and technological innovation, but it still faces challenges such as poor economic structure, uneven regional development, and talent shortage. The study found that innovation capabilities play a key role in promoting high-quality economic development in Anhui Province, and significantly improve the quality of economic growth by promoting industrial structure optimization, technological progress and production efficiency improvement. Based on this, this study puts forward specific suggestions such as strengthening government policy support, increasing investment in scientific research, optimizing the innovation environment, and promoting industry-university-research cooperation to further enhance Anhui Province's regional innovation capabilities and promote high-quality economic development. The research conclusions not only have important practical significance for Anhui Province, but also provide useful reference for other regions.

Research on the optimization of investment structure of China's high-tech industries under the new development model of dual circulation

On May 14, 2021, at the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping first proposed the concept of "dual circulation", emphasizing the construction of a new development pattern in which domestic and international dual circulations promote each other. Capital circulation is the primary link in opening up the circulation, and high-tech industries are the key areas in this new development pattern. In this context, it is of great significance and value to study the optimization of the investment structure of high-tech industries. This study takes the new dual circulation model as the starting point and conducts an in-depth analysis of high-tech industries from the perspective of investment structure optimization. By applying theories such as capital circulation, dynamic comparative advantage, and investment portfolio, the relationship between China's current economic development status and dual circulation is explained. At the same time, the development status of China's high-tech industries is compared with that of foreign high-tech industries, and the advantages, gaps, and problems between China's high-tech industries and developed countries are analyzed. The research plan explores the rationality of the investment structure of high-tech industries in the internal circulation, external circulation, and dual circulation from multiple perspectives such as industrial growth, investment efficiency, industrial upgrading, and global value chain. This will provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the investment structure of high-tech industries and help China achieve high-quality development under the new development pattern.

The Impact of Cooperative Societies in Economic Development of Akwa Ibom State: A Study of Select Cooperatives in Ukanafun Local Government Area

The Impact of Cooperative Societies in Economic Development of Akwa Ibom State: A Study of Select Cooperatives in Ukanafun Local Government Area

A Study on the Evaluation and Determinants of Green Economic Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Provincial Panel Data in China

In the past decades, China has continued to pursue the quantitative expansion of economic development at the expense of the environmental quality resulting in high environmental degradation. Hence, this study evaluates the economic efficiency under the constraints of energy and environment, as well as unravels the determinants of economic efficiency in 30 provinces in China during 2005 to 2019. It deploys the improved super-efficiency Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model and Tobit regression model. The statistical results show that economic growth efficiency displays a declining trend in recent years in China. However, there is a regional heterogeneity of green economic efficiency across the provinces, with the efficiency values exhibiting a clear downward stepwise distribution from the eastern to western region. Moreover, the regression results indicate that energy consumption and GDP growth have significant adverse effects on green economic efficiency. This implies that China’s economic growth is excessively reliant on energy consumption which exceeds the environmental carrying capacity, causing a decline in green economic efficiency. The study of China’s economic efficiency is fundamental because it explores the potential space for sustainable growth as well as provides clarity on the current status and prospects of economic development with a view to avoiding economic stagnation and providing policy support for sustainable economic development. Therefore, policy makers should proactively take measures to improve energy efficiency and shift economic development targets from quantitative expansion to qualitative improvement that facilitates green economic efficiency. Based on the empirical results of the different regions, this study also provides some respective policy recommendations.

Answer to whom? A comparative empirical study on institutional drivers for firms’ CSR reporting in China and the United States

While earlier research has mainly focused on the business-centric perspective for corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting, this study adopts a society-centric perspective and tests institutional drivers. We apply a panel data analysis using 56,532 firm-years from 2006 to 2019, comprising listed firms in China and the United States. The results show that firms exposed to more pressure are more likely to issue CSR reports in both countries. CSR reporting in China tends to be externally driven, as Chinese firms are experiencing more institutional drivers than their US counterparts under similar reporting circumstances. In verifying institutional drivers, those which are shared or differ in two distinct markets are not determined by economic development status, but are rather affected by the orders of institutional logics. This study provides empirical evidence for future research opportunities for an ex-ante view of CSR and practical suggestions for globalised CSR reporting frames.

Iron ore development management in the Russian Federation

The Russian mineral resource complex is the basis for economy real sector development. The reserves of oil, gas, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, timber, and other raw materials are the strategic basis for the state economic development stability. The subject of the study is iron ore, by reserves of which Russia is confidently among the top three countries in the world together with Australia and Brazil. The global statistics on iron ore production looks a little different since China and India are ahead of Russia in terms of production volumes after the above-mentioned countries. At a time when the country is facing the task of achieving technological sovereignty, and the metallurgical industry is the driver of developing such industries as machine building, construction, and energy, the mineral and raw materials complex development issues are of undeniable interest and relevance. The technological development strategy of Russia will rely in its implementation on a stable metallurgical industry, where issues and main directions of ferrous metallurgy development have been identified, which are the main purpose of this study.

The exchange rate pass‐through to domestic prices: A meta‐analysis

AbstractEstimates of the exchange rate pass‐through vary significantly across studies. Therefore, I conduct a meta‐analysis to understand why estimates differ and provide consensus for the conflicting results. The dataset includes 72 primary studies containing 1219 estimates of the pass‐through from nominal effective exchange rates to consumer prices for 111 countries. Because there are many potential causes of heterogeneity, I use Bayesian model averaging to identify the important ones. I find that results vary mainly due to a combination of country‐specific and methodological characteristics, even though factors such as asymmetry and product‐specific characteristics also play a role. The country‐specific characteristics include trade openness, exchange rate flexibility, economic development status, exchange rate persistence, and commodity dependence. On the other hand, the methodological factors include estimation methods, data characteristics, endogeneity bias, and the researcher's choice of control variables. Finally, I model the exchange rate pass‐through, taking into account asymmetry and the best practices in the literature. I find that a 1% increase in the exchange rate leads to a 0.09% decrease in the consumer price level, whereas a 1% decrease leads to a 0.19% increase.

A MODEL FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE-INCOME SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Buildings and other constructed facilities form the essential framework of a country’s physical and economic infrastructure. Construction serves as a key capital input to production, driving economic growth and wealth generation. This impact can be particularly transformative in low-to-middle-income countries. Physical infrastructure, including construction, is a powerful engine of economic growth and is closely related to national economic performance. However, not all studies agree with the commonly held belief that construction investment has a positive impact on economic growth, particularly concerning the amount of investment and the relationship between construction investment and economic growth. So far, cross-country studies dealing with the construction sector-economic growth relationship have used indicators of national output and construction that are not strictly comparable between countries. This article reviews the main strands of the literature on the role that the construction sector plays in the national economy and economic development. It also uses novel data drawn from the “capital file” of the PENN World Table (version 10.1) to assess the development pattern of the construction sector in two groups of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries on the middle-income status of economic development, for the period between 1990 and 2019. The study reveals that construction shares, measured as the proportion of gross fixed capital formation attributable to construction in the gross domestic product, revolve around a norm determined by the level of built assets preceding the reference period. The results of the study could have policy implications for the economic sustainability of the construction industry in SSA.

A survey on the implementation of cardiovascular surgery for congenital heart disease in China between 2017 and 2021

Objective: To investigate the inplementation of cardiovascular surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The CHD cardiovascular surgery data collected by the Chinese Society of Extracorporeal Circulation from 2017 to 2021 in 31 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) of China were retrospectively reviewed, the implementation of CHD cardiovascular surgery in different provinces, regions, general/specialized hospitals, and different age groups (whether≤18 years old) were summarized, and the correlation analysis between the number of surgeries carried out in each province/region and the gross regional product and the number of the regional population was performed. Results: Between 2017 and 2021, the annual volume of CHD cardiovascular surgery was 77 120, 77 634, 81 161, 62 663 and 71 492, respectively, showing a decreasing trend. Meanwhile, the proportion of CHD patients aged≤18 years who underwent cardiovascular surgery also showed a downward trend, from 79.8% (61 557/77 120) in 2017 to 58.6% (41 871/71 492) in 2021 (P=0.027). The number of surgical cases varied greatly among different provinces, including 4 provinces with≥5 000 cases and 9 provinces with 2 000-5 000 cases. In the five years, the number of CHD cardiovascular surgeries in Central and East China was the largest, accounting for 41.1%-45.5% of the total surgical cases. The proportion of CHD surgery cases≤18 years old was the highest in Southwest China (69.7%-87.4%) and the lowest in Northeast China (28.2%-68.9%). Except for 2021, the number of cases carried out by each region between 2017 and 2020 was correlated with the gross regional product (r=0.929, 0.929, 0.893 and 0.964, respectively, all P<0.05) and the population (r=0.821, 0.893, 0.821 and 0.857, respectively, all P<0.05). Hospitals that performed more than 100 operations (20.5%±1.2% of the total number of hospitals) completed 86.2%±1.2% of the total number of operations in China during the 5-year period. In 2017 and 2021, the number of CHD cardiovascular surgeries preformed in children's/women's and children's specialized hospitals accounted for 24.3% (18 772/77 120) and 23.8% (17 012/71 492) of the total number of cases in China, respectively. Conclusions: From 2017 to 2021, the number of cardiovascular surgery for CHD decreases slightly, but the proportion of surgery for adult CHD patients increases significantly.There is a strong correlation between the number of CHD operations in each region and their economic development status. The scale of CHD cardiovascular surgery performed in children's hospitals/women's and children's hospitals accounts for about a quarter of the total volume in China.

Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Coupling Coordination in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration: Ecology, Environment and Economy

With the rapid growth and development of urban areas, the economy has often been prioritized at the expense of the environment and ecological systems. However, it is essential to delve deeper into the relationship between the economy and the ecological environment. Therefore, this study introduces a comprehensive evaluation system that encompasses economic, ecological, and environmental factors in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration in China. The Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) method is utilized to determine the weights of various indicators, and coupling as well as coupling coordination models are employed to investigate the spatiotemporal trends and interrelationships of the three factors. The results indicate that the economic development index has displayed a consistent uptrend since 2000, with the economic development index from 2015–2020 increasing by approximately four times compared to 2000–2005. The ecological status index has also increased in the last five years, with a rise of about 0.05 from 2015–2020 compared to 2000–2005. The environmental status index has fluctuated but generally increased, with a rise of approximately 5.6 times from 2015–2020 compared to 2000–2005. The coupling degree of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration is relatively high, with intense coupling from 2005–2020, and moderate coupling from 2000–2005. Furthermore, the coupling coordination has continuously improved from mild maladjustment to barely coordinated from 2000 to 2020, indicating the enhancement of the coupling coordination of the three factors. It is crucial to acknowledge that there exists spatial heterogeneity in both the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree. This heterogeneity stems from the uneven progress in economic development, ecological conditions, and environmental status across various cities. Additional endeavors are required to foster the harmonized advancement of these factors across the entire region.

Spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage resources in China and its influencing factors

Exploring the spatial distribution of China’s intangible cultural heritage resources and its influencing factors is an important foundation for their protection and development and a key step toward the integration of culture and tourism. To analyse the geographical distribution patterns of China’s 3610 intangible cultural heritage resources and their influencing factors, we comprehensively applied methods such as spatial analysis and geodetectors. The main findings are as follows: (1) In terms of spatial distribution, China’s intangible cultural heritage resources are unevenly distributed, with an overall agglomeration-type distribution. The distribution in the north‒south direction is more significant, with more resources in the east than in the west and more resources in the south than in the north. (2) In terms of the spatial distribution of various types of intangible cultural heritage sites, North and East China have always been areas with a high kernel density. (3) In terms of spatial trends, there is a clear correlation between the distribution of intangible cultural heritage resources and the state of economic development and historical and cultural heritage, i.e., the more economically developed and culturally rich a region is, the more resources of intangible cultural heritage there are. (4) The causes of the distribution of China’s intangible cultural heritage resources are complicated, the influence of social factors is much greater than that of natural factors, and multidimensional interactions have a relatively significant impact. This study is conducive to the planning and protection of China’s intangible cultural heritage resources at the national and regional levels and provides a reference for the sustainable development of China’s intangible cultural heritage resources.

Corona Virus-19 Crisis Management: Factors Essential to Africa’s Success in Managing the Corona Virus

Africa has kept the COVID-19 impact lower than in the other world’s continents despite its challenges of high population with a population density of 45 people per square kilometer, low economic development status, high population, informal settlements, lack of water and sanitation facilities which makes it more difficult to ensure practices that will assure safety such as hand washing and social distancing. These challenges make Africa more vulnerable to the disease, but the continent has remained the least affected. The study aims to unearth factors essential to Africa’s success in managing the CORONA Virus by examining the Covid-19 impact in Africa and the commonly cited hypothetical factors thought to reduce same which include Good Public Support, Young Population, Fewer old age homes, Warm Climate and Good Community Health System. fifty-five countries in Africa were covered in this study. Secondary data was obtained from reputable databases such the world in data, World meter and weather spark. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Two dependent variables were identified which include Case infection, case fatality. It also identified five (5) independent variables including public support, old age homes, age, climate, and public health. The findings of the study were that the hypothetical factors have a significant influence on the low impact of COVID-19 in Africa. The study concluded that public support variable has the most positive impact on the reduction of COVID impact in Africa. The study recommends strengthening of data capturing and public support policy for COVID-19 worldwide.

Financial inclusion and impacts on agriculture in Delta State, Nigeria

The study appraised financial inclusion and impacts on agriculture in Delta State, Nigeria. Delta State, located in the southern region of Nigeria, is known for its rich agricultural potential. Agriculture is a major source of livelihood for the majority of its population, contributing significantly to both food security and economic growth. Nigeria introduced National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) in 2012. Besides, interventions of financial inclusion packages in Nigeria by some corporate financial inclusion organizations include: Agent Banking and Mobile Money, Nigeria Incentive-Based Risk Sharing System for Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL), Financial Literacy and Education Programs, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) and Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). These organizations impacted the Delta State agriculture in the areas of cassava farming, oil palm production, rice cultivation, poultry, fisheries and aquaculture, agribusiness and processing and agricultural diversity. Such Impacts were obvious in food security, poverty reduction, women's empowerment, market access and value chain integration, risk mitigation, access to agricultural inputs, income diversification and increased agricultural productivity. Noticeable financial inclusion challenges in Delta State's agricultural sector were limited access to financial services, insufficient financial literacy programmes and inadequate rural infrastructure. It was concluded that financial inclusion in agriculture in Delta State is a cornerstone for the state's economic development and the well-being of its citizens. Among the recommendations given, it was emphasized that strengthening financial education system should be prioritized in agriculture.

Estimation of Economic Spillover Effects under the Hierarchical Structure of Urban Agglomeration Based on Time-Series Night-Time Lights: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta, China

Urban agglomerations are becoming increasingly important in driving economic development in China. Accurate representation of the economic development status and spillover effects of cities within an urban agglomeration is the foundation of and an effective approach for promoting the coordinated development of that agglomeration. However, current studies of economic spillovers tend to focus on urban agglomerations as a whole, and there is a lack of scrutiny and validation of research data. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for detecting economic spillover effects within an urban agglomeration based on a prolonged night-time light dataset. Firstly, we explored the most suitable night-time light index to characterize the economic status. Then, we used this index to construct the economic network and hierarchical structure of the urban agglomeration. Finally, we explored the heterogeneity of spillover effects under the hierarchical structure. The results of a case study in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration show that (1) the total night-time light in built-up areas (BNTL) has the highest Pearson correlation coefficient with GDP, which is 0.82; (2) there is an obvious hierarchical structure within the PRD; (3) there are significant and sustained economic spillover effects among the core cities, with Guangzhou–Foshan and Shenzhen–Dongguan having more obvious spillover effects; and (4) the economic spillover effects within the three metropolitan areas have different characteristics. The Guangzhou–Foshan–Zhaoqing metropolitan area is closely linked, to apparent differences in the pace of spillover effects. The Shenzhen–Dongguan–Huizhou metropolitan area has strong close linkages, with strong synchronization of spillover effects. The Zhuhai–Zhongshan–Jiangmen metropolitan area has not yet formed a stable synergistic development relationship. Overall, the framework can effectively reveal the hierarchical structure and different characteristics of economic spillovers within urban agglomerations, which can provide a scientific reference for policy making related to the coordinated development of such agglomerations.

The Impact of International Oil Price Shock on China's Economic Growth

This article takes the impact of international oil price shocks on China's economic growth as the research object, and studies the impact mechanism of international oil price shocks on China's economic development status, providing practical value for the formulation of relevant policies in China. This article selects monthly data from January 2007 to December 2023 as the research interval, and uses the SVAR model to decompose the changes in international oil prices into three different sources of structural oil supply and demand shocks, namely oil supply shocks, oil total demand shocks, and oil specific demand shocks. The research results show that overall, the impact of international oil price shocks on China's economic growth is relatively low. International oil price shocks will have a negative impact on China's economic growth, and the average contribution of the three structural oil supply and demand shocks to China's economic growth does not exceed 13.1%. The impact of specific oil demand shocks on China's economic growth is the greatest, followed by oil supply shocks and total oil demand shocks, which indirectly reflect that China's economic growth is mainly influenced by its own factors.

Analysis of Carbon Emission Driving Factors and Study of Peak Paths under the Perspective of Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity

Firstly, we compute the emissions of carbon in the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei of China, construct LMDI model, and decompose the CO2 drivers based on the perspective of spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Following the LMDI analysis results, three scenario models are suggested: a baseline scenario, a low-carbon model, and a high-carbon model. By integrating the current economic and social development status in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and relevant policies, specific model variables are defined to establish the STIRPAT model. Different carbon emission scenarios are then forecasted and evaluated using the STIRPAT model to determine the peak year and the maximum carbon emission level in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The research indicates that (1) the highest carbon emission level will reach 377,712,600 tons in 2022 within the study period, with notable variations among different cities. (2) Economic development has the most significant impact on carbon emissions. (3) Under the low-carbon scenario, the 13 cities can attain the carbon emission peak target by 2030. These findings offer quantitative insights to support the transition towards low-carbon development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Особенности формирования механизма стратегического управления экономической безопасностью государства в условиях цифровизации

This article summarizes the formation features of a mechanism for the strategic manage-ment of the economic security of the state in the conditions of digitalization. Trends in the state economic development of the states are increasingly dependent on information and communica-tion technologies, which means there is the need to transform national economies. Transforma-tional and modernizational changes lead to an increase in the relevance of scientific research to increase the economic security of the state and the formation of appropriate mechanisms. Global-ization and digitalization are significantly change the view on the problem of the state economic security, which determines the relevance and need to consider the mechanisms of ensuring it for sustainable economic growth. This is due to exogenous factors and security risks caused by digi-talization; therefore, this issue is relevant and requires further study. The purpose of the study was to substantiate approaches to the formation of a mechanism for strategic management of the state economic security in the context of digitalization. During the research, the basic concepts and approaches to determination of the state economic security as a system have been considered. The components of the mechanism for strategic management of the economic security of the state have been revealed. The current situation and indicators of economic security of the Russian Fed-eration have been studied. A mechanism for strategic management of the state economic security of in the context of digitalization has been developed. The methodological basis of the study was the theory of economic security and strategic management. During the research process, general scientific and special methods were used, namely: analytical; analysis and synthesis; abstract-log-ical; abstraction, graphic.

Rethinking the Salini Test: A Comprehensive Examination and Proposal for Improvement in Defining International Investment

This dissertation critically examines the Salini test, a foundational tool in international investment law (IIL), with a specific focus on its fourth criterion: "Contribution to the Host State's Economic Development." Through an in-depth analysis of various case studies, the research highlights the inherent challenges and controversies surrounding the Salini test, particularly its potential rigidity and the subjectivity embedded in the economic contribution criterion. The study underscores the need for the Salini test to evolve in response to contemporary investment trends, such as green investments, social impact ventures, and the increasing importance of intangible assets. Drawing from past arbitration decisions, academic research, and expert opinions, the dissertation offers suggestions for refining the Salini test to make it more adaptable and relevant in the modern investment landscape. These recommendations encompass defining clear parameters for economic contribution, balancing economic inputs with other considerations, and introducing mechanisms for periodic review. Furthermore, the research forecasts the future of IIL with an improved Salini test, outlining both the opportunities, such as enhanced consistency and predictability, and challenges, including implementation hurdles and potential over-complexity. In conclusion, as the international investment domain continues to transform, the Salini test must be rethought and refined to remain a robust and pertinent instrument in this ever-evolving field.

Association between the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis or bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunization in children and adolescents.

The correlation between the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and tuberculosis or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination rate in individuals aged <15 years was investigated using worldwide data. The incidence of T1DM, rate of BCG vaccination, and incidence of tuberculosis were obtained from the Diabetes Atlas 9th edition of the International Diabetes Federation and the Global Health Observatory data repository of the World Health Organization. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and population data by country were obtained from the World Bank and United Nations, respectively. GDP per capita negatively correlated with the incidence of tuberculosis and positively correlated with the incidence of T1DM (coefficient=-0.630 and 0.596, respectively; all P<0.001). The incidence of T1DM and tuberculosis was significantly associated with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) status (P<0.001). After adjusting for GDP per capita, regional grouping, and OECD status, the incidence of T1DM negatively correlated with that of tuberculosis (R2 =0.729, P=0.009). However, there was no association between the BCG vaccination rate and incidence of T1DM (P=0.890). There was a negative correlation between the incidence of tuberculosis and T1DM in children and adolescents aged <15 years at the country level.