Changes In State Research Articles

Insights into the phase behavior at interfaces using vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy.

Phase separation is ubiquitous at the interface between two distinct phases. Physical transformation during phase separation often plays a crucial role in many important mechanisms, such as lipid phase separation, which is fundamental for transport through biological membranes. Phase separation can be complex, involving changes in the physical state and the reorganization of molecular structures, influencing the behavior and function of materials and biological systems. Surface-sensitive vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for investigating these interfacial processes. As a non-linear optical technique, VSFG spectroscopy is sensitive to changes in molecular orientation and interactions at interfaces, making it an ideal method for studying phase separation processes. Here, we review the molecular interaction mechanisms underlying phase separation. We also explore the application of VSFG spectroscopy in studying phase separation processes at different interfaces. In particular, we focus on oil-water interfaces, which are relevant in environmental and industrial contexts; polymer and lipid surfaces, important for materials science and biological membranes; and intrinsically disordered protein systems, which play key roles in cellular function and disease.

Acute Care Nurses' Partnership With Patients to Recognise and Respond to Changes in Patients' Clinical States: AQualitative Study.

To explore and describe acute care nurses' partnership with patients to recognise and respond to changes in patients' clinical states. Acute care nurses' decisions to partner with patients to recognise deterioration in clinical states and to respond by activating a rapid response system improves patient outcomes. Acutely unwell patients can also experience clinical changes that include improvement and deterioration that does not trigger rapid response system activation over the course of hospitalisation from illness and treatment. How acute care nurses partner with patients in response to improvement and deterioration not triggering a rapid response system is not well-understood. An exploratory, descriptive study underpinned by Tanner's Clinical Judgement Model. Using purposive and quota sampling, 20 nurses with direct patient care responsibilities on one medical and one surgical ward in a large Australian hospital were recruited. Nonparticipant observations followed by semistructured interviews were conducted between January and May of 2021. Nurse-patient interactions were observed for 4 h, and verbally described and recorded. Semistructured interviews were recorded and explored nurses' reasoning behind decisions observed. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Three themes were identified from the data: nurses checking in for changes; nurses forming judgements; and nurses partnering with patients to respond. Acute care nurses promoted subjective assessment based on patients' safety risks. Patients' participation in response to changes was prioritised based on acute care nurses' judgement of safety. Patients receive significant safety benefits when acute care nurses partner with patients in response to their experience of improvement and deterioration during acute illness. Further research should evaluate the sensitivity of subjective cues in patient assessment. Partnership with patients in assessment and management of improvement and deterioration improves the quality and safety of patient care. Assessment frameworks should equally prioritise the use of objective and subjective cues. Nursing education should promote the safety benefits of patient partnerships in responding to patient changes. Equator checklist COREQ. Data collected included description of patients' interactions with study participants.

ADS–SLAM: a semantic SLAM based on adaptive motion compensation and semantic information for dynamic environments

Abstract Static environment assumptions are a prerequisite for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), while interference from dynamic objects in the environment can seriously impair the system’s localization accuracy. Recently, many works have combined deep learning and geometric constraints to attenuate the interference of dynamic objects, but poor real-time performance and low accuracy in high dynamic scenes still exist. In this paper, we propose a semantic SLAM algorithm for complex dynamic scenes named ADS–SLAM. Our system combines the advantages of semantic information and motion constraints to remove dynamic points during tracking and localization. First, an adaptive dynamic point detection method based on epipolar constraint between adjacent frames is designed to adapt to the changes of object motion states and a motion area detection method based on Gaussian mixture model and Kalman Filter is utilized to effectively compensate the missed motion areas. Second, an object detection network with improved inference in the backend is utilized to extract prior object semantics. Lastly, the multi-level information is integrated in order to comprehensively screen all dynamic points in the environment and utilize only static points for pose estimation and optimization. Experimental evaluations on challenging public datasets and outdoor dynamic environments demonstrate that our algorithm achieves high localization accuracy in almost all dynamic scenarios compared to the current state-of-the-art SLAM algorithms, with the highest accuracy in high dynamic scenarios, and shows real-time performance for practical applications.

Immediate effects of propofol on mood: a randomized comparison of two doses in a cohort with depression.

The intravenous anesthetic propofol is known to induce positive mood effects during routine clinical use, suggesting it might be repurposed as an antidepressant, but also raising concerns about abuse potential. How propofol's acute effects vary by dose and with repeated infusions is unknown. This exploratory analysis aimed to (1) compare the immediate mood effects of propofol administered at two different doses, (2) describe how those mood effects change with repeated infusions, and (3) evaluate whether acute mood improvement predicts later antidepressant response. Twenty-four adults with moderate-to-severe treatment-resistant depression were randomized into two dosing groups. Six low- or high-dose propofol infusions were administered under blinded conditions over a two-week period. Self-reported mood states were recorded before and after each infusion using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X). Abuse potential was evaluated with the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ-5). At the first infusion, propofol induced acute improvements in PANAS-X Sadness, Fear, Joviality, and Serenity scales (p < 0.002), independent of dose. Over the series of six infusions, acute changes in Sadness, Fear, and Joviality, but not Serenity, diminished with infusion number (p < 0.002). The DEQ-5 "want more" rating decreased across infusions (p = 0.002). Changes in PANAS-X scales with the first infusion did not predict later improvement in depression severity (p > 0.05). Cumulative changes in mood states observed with repeated infusions suggest that propofolengages adaptive mechanisms in mood circuitry. Subjective responses with repeated infusions do not indicate increasing potential for abuse in this patient population.

Updating assembly parameters for spacecraft assembly process state changes: based on data fusion method

Thermal protection systems (TPSs) are important components of reusable spacecraft, and their assembly quality has a crucial impact on flight safety. Owing to the complex assembly process and variable states of spacecraft thermal protection systems, assembly parameters may vary under different assembly states. Therefore, to obtain assembly parameters accurately and efficiently under different assembly states, in this study, 3D point cloud data and fiber optic sensor data were fused to develop an assembly parameter update method for assembly process state changes. Firstly, based on the measured data of thermal protection components and load-bearing structure, the gap, flush and matching parameters solution model are proposed. Secondly, to address the deformation problem of the load-bearing structure caused by changes in assembly status, a fusion method based on laser scanning and sensor detection was devised to achieve deformation prediction of the assembly structure during the assembly process. Thirdly, based on the assembly parameter solution model and point cloud prediction model, a constraint-based assembly parameter optimisation model was established, and an improved quantum particle swarm optimisation (LQPSO) algorithm was employed to achieve assembly parameter updates oriented toward changes in assembly status. Finally, an experimental system for array-based thermal protection structure simulation was established to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed parameter update method can achieve ideal results for different assembly state simulation components.

Determining the Impact of Adaptive Games on the Individuals’ Psycho-Emotional State among Different Age Groups in Poland and Ukraine

Objectives. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of implementating projects for the introduction of adaptive sports games on the psycho-emotional state of different population groups in Poland and Ukraine. Materials and methods. A total of 341 individuals were involved in the study: 117 children (8-12 years old), 118 middle-aged people (35-60 years old), and 116 elderly people (60 years and older). The participants of the study were divided into two groups: those who took part in the Polish project “Academic Center of Sports and Health Games for Activation of People with Special Needs” (56 children, 65 adults, 73 elderly people), and those who took part in the Polish-Ukrainian project, which was conducted directly in Ukraine, “Ukrainian Center of Occupational Therapy through Adaptive Games” (61 children, 53 adults, 44 elderly people). All study participants were engaged in adaptive games (Cornhole, Jacollo, Elastik, Kulbutto, Boccia, Paka laka) for the first time. At the beginning and end of the event on adaptive games, a survey of participants was conducted. To determine the psycho-emotional state of children, the WAM method (well-being, activity, mood) was used, and the features of adults’ psychological state were assessed using the standard test AWAMW (anxiety, working capacity, activity, mood, well-being). Results. The analysis of the obtained study results revealed positive changes in the psycho-emotional state of different population groups in Poland and Ukraine under the influence of adaptive sports games. Furthermore, the adult population, including the elderly of Poland and Ukraine, demonstrated decreased anxiety levels and a significant enhancement in activity, mood and well-being due to engaging in adaptive sports games. Conclusions. This study emphasizes the potential of adaptive sports games to improve the mental health of different population groups. The findings also indicate the effectiveness of implementating projects for the introduction of adaptive games on the psycho-emotional state of different population groups both in Poland and Ukraine.

Influence of slow and rapid weight loss periods on physiological performance, mood state and sleep quality in male freestyle wrestlers: a study from Sichuan Province, China

Influence of slow and rapid weight loss periods on physiological performance, mood state and sleep quality in male freestyle wrestlers: a study from Sichuan Province, China

Mice employ a bait-and-switch escape mechanism to de-escalate social conflict.

Intraspecies aggression has profound ecological and evolutionary consequences, as recipients can suffer injuries, decreases in fitness, and become outcasts from social groups. Although animals implement diverse strategies to avoid hostile confrontations, the extent to which social influences affect escape tactics is unclear. Here, we used computational and machine-learning approaches to analyze complex behavioral interactions as mixed-sex groups of mice, Mus musculus, freely interacted. Mice displayed a rich repertoire of behaviors marked by changes in behavioral state, aggressive encounters, and mixed-sex interactions. A distinctive behavioral sequence consistently occurred after aggressive encounters, where males in submissive states quickly approached and transiently interacted with females immediately before the aggressor engaged with the same female. The behavioral sequences were also associated with substantially fewer physical altercations. Furthermore, the male's behavioral state could be predicted by distinct features of the behavioral sequence, such as kinematics and the latency to and duration of male-female interactions. More broadly, our work revealed an ethologically relevant escape strategy influenced by the presence of females that may serve as a mechanism for de-escalating social conflict and preventing consequential reductions in fitness.

On constraint-conforming numerical discretizations in constitutive material modeling

AbstractFor the modelling of complex materials, internal variables are usually introduced which characterize the microstructural state. Then, evolution equations describe the change of the internal variables due to varying external loading conditions. These equations can be derived, for instance, on the basis of variational principles. The consideration of characteristic observations, such as the preservation of the volume during a change in the microstructural state, can significantly improve the accuracy of the evolution equations. We present a Hamilton principle that provides a unique way to derive evolution equations that obey holonomic constraints and opens up new possibilities for their algorithmic treatment. This is demonstrated for isochoric finite plasticity and phase transformation based on Backward-Euler time discretization. The models presented are efficient and are characterized by simple implementation compared to the exponential map, for example, without suffering a loss of accuracy due to unfulfilled constraints.

Patterns of Migration Following Dementia Diagnosis.

Diseases have historically prompted individual relocations to mitigate the risk of disease acquisition or improve access to care. As dementia prevalence increases, comprehending the migration patterns of affected individuals is vital for public policy. To quantify the association of dementia diagnosis with migration patterns by examining the proportion of individuals with dementia who relocate, the timing of their moves relative to diagnosis, and the nature of their new living arrangements, whether in institutional settings or different households. This cohort study leveraged a comprehensive dataset of national Medicare claims and assessments spanning from 2012 to 2020, including Medicare Beneficiary Summary File and nursing home administrative datasets. The study focused on beneficiaries who received diagnoses in 2016 of dementia, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or colon cancer. Analyses were performed from March 2023 to August 2024. The primary outcome was migration, defined as change in county or state. The analysis distinguished between migrations with and without a nursing home stay. By tracking patients' residential county for 4 years before and after diagnosis, a difference-in-differences approach was used to contrast migration tendencies associated with dementia against the other 3 conditions. The sample included 1 626 127 Medicare beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 80.1 [8.0] years; 922 194 women [56.7%]) who received diagnoses of the 4 conditions in 2016. In total, 818 862 had a new dementia diagnosis (age, 82.0 [7.8] years; 492 146 women [60.1%]). Comparing between the prediagnosis and postdiagnosis months, the proportion migrating to a different county increased by 8.5 percentage points (95% CI, 7.6-9.4 percentage points) for individuals with dementia and between 4.2 to 5.8 percentage points among those with myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or colon cancer. The difference-in-difference estimates indicated a 3.9 percentage point (95% CI, 3.7-4.0 percentage points) increase in intercounty migration and a 1.9 percentage point (95% CI, 1.8-2.0 percentage points) increase in interstate migration for patients with dementia, effectively doubling the likelihood of migration compared with the other conditions. Of the excess migrations resulting from dementia diagnosis, 55% occurred in community settings, and 45% occurred in institutional settings. In this retrospective cohort study of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, dementia was associated with a marked increase in migration rates over other major illnesses. This finding underscores the need to understand the factors associated with these distinct migration behaviors.

Beyond ideal and real types – methodological foundations of typologies in welfare state research

AbstractIn welfare state research, typologies are a frequently applied methodological tool for comparative analyses. They are used for a variety of purposes, such as case selection, for providing a birds-eye perspective on welfare states and their differences and to determine welfare state change. The methodological discussion in welfare state research on the use of typologies is, however, limited because it is centred around the question of whether Esping-Andersen’s (1990) work and other related studies present an ideal type or a real type approach. This is misleading, as both concepts are ambiguous, and there are more relevant aspects when it comes to the characterisation of typologies. Instead, this paper suggests to differentiate between typologies along the four dimensions of a typology’s theoretical foundation, the assessment of cases and the use of qualitative and quantitative attributes and methods. In an integrative literature review, a selection of typological studies of welfare state research is analysed against the background of the suggested classification. Among the studies analysed, assigning country cases to groups is most common what serves the heuristic purpose of these typologies. There are typologies with theoretical types and dimensions and with empirical types and theoretical dimensions, both with a variety of qualitative and/or quantitative attributes and methods. This uncovers the complexity of the typological approaches in welfare state research. In doing so, this paper attempts to simulate a thematically broader and methodologically deeper discussion on typologies in welfare state research.

Amnesia and homework

Introduction: In humans, the phenomenon of temporally graded retrograde amnesia has been described in the clinic and the laboratory for more than 100 years. The memory f\deficit can occur against a background of intact intellectual and perceptual functions. Material and methods: There were analyzed articles from the PubMed database from the last 5 years 2019-2024, mentioning such words as “amnesia”, “homework”. Results: Amnestic syndrome is narrower than once believed in the sense that a number of learning and memory abilities are preserved. The brain system damage in amnesia has only a temporary role in memory. In the 1950 edition of the Encyclopedia of Educational Research H.J. Otto wrote “compulsory homework does not result in sufficiently improved academic accomplishments to justify retention” [1]. Eighteen years later P.R Wildman went a step further, starting that “whenever homework crowds out social experience, outdoor recreation, and creative activities and whenever it usurps time devoted to sleep, it is not meeting the basic needs of children and adolescents” [2]. Conclusion: Thus, as Otto’s remark exemplifies, homework fell out of favor. Homework, it was believed could accelerate knowledge acquisition. Wildman expressed the concern of the time that too much emphasis on school would lead to the neglect of other areas of personal fulfillment. Not all amnesias, results from brain damage. Amnesia may be produced by severe emotional trauma or naturally occurring changes in state or arousal [3-5]. Improves creative activity total quality management as a predictor of artificial intelligence provides competitive marketing, proven and by the role of social networks in reducing stress [6,7], confirming that amnesia has only a temporary role in memory.

Role of biquadratic exchange on thermodynamic quantities in anisotropic Heisenberg model

The magnetic and thermodynamic properties of the spin-1 anisotropic Heisenberg system are studied within Oguchi approximation. The system contains both the bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions between the nearest neighboring spins located on a centered honeycomb lattice. For the positive biquadratic exchange interaction parameters, the phase transition in the Heisenberg case is of both second and first order where there is a discontinuity in the thermodynamic properties at this transition temperature. For some negative biquadratic exchange interaction parameters, in both the Heisenberg and Ising cases, the ferromagnetic state changes in favor of the antiferromagnetic state. The frustrated antiferromagnetic structure created by the biquadratic exchange parameter with negative sign was shown significantly influence the magnetization, quadrupolar moment, internal energy, heat capacity, entropy and free energy of the system, where the system has an oscillating chaotic phase regime. A double peak behavior was observed in the specific heat, with one at the critical temperature and another at a low temperature.

From aspect to information structure: Non-aspectual functions of change of state markers in Austronesian and beyond

Abstract This paper discusses a phenomenon that has so far received little attention in previous literature: the presence, in several languages from different branches of the Austronesian family, of polyfunctional markers, which combine an aspectual meaning of change of state with information and discourse structuring functions. In this study, based on a comparative analysis of fifty-two Austronesian languages, I show that polyfunctional change of state markers are distributed throughout the entire family, crosscutting the major typological and geographical divide between Western and Eastern Austronesian. I argue that the development of information and discourse structuring functions of change of state markers derives from applying the notions of current relevance and transition to new situation not to eventualities, but to elements of propositions, and I also suggest that this process may be universally valid and could explain the similar development of change of state markers into information and discourse structuring devices attested in non-Austronesian languages.

Interface Stability and Reaction Mechanisms of Li3YCl5Br with High-Voltage Cathodes and Li Metal Anode: Insights from Ab Initio Simulations.

Recent advancements in battery technology emphasize the critical role of solid electrolytes in enhancing the performance and safety of next-generation batteries. In this study, we investigate the interface stability and reaction mechanisms of Li3YCl5Br, a promising halide-based solid electrolyte, in contact with high-voltage Ni-Mn-Co (NMC) cathodes and a Li metal anode using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings reveal that Li3YCl5Br reacts with charged NMC cathodes. This reaction involves changes in the oxidation states of Br- anions in Li3YCl5Br and d-element cations in NMC, as well as the diffusion of Li ions from the solid electrolyte to the cathode to maintain charge balance. The reaction is confined to the interface, suggesting bulk stability. Conversely, the Li/Li3YCl5Br interface exhibits significant instability, with a chemical reaction that results in substantial structural changes and the formation of LiCl and LiBr at the solid electrolyte surface and metallic Y at the Li anode surface. These insights provide valuable information for optimizing interfacial design, aiming at improving the performance and reliability of all-solid-state batteries using halide solid electrolytes.

Temperature Studies of the LaMn2Si2 Intermetallide by the Raman Spectroscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy Methods

Raman spectra of the LaMn2Si2 compound were obtained for the first time by Raman spectroscopy. The change of Raman spectral characteristics in the temperature range of 263–553 K was investigated. The high sensitivity of the Raman spectroscopy method to a change in the magnetic state caused by a temperature influence has been determined. A change in the spectral characteristics of the vibration mode of manganese atoms near the Curie and Neel temperatures has been revealed. The magnetic force microscopy technique was used to investigate the surface features of the LaMn2Si2 compound at room temperature. A change in the type of magnetic domain structure in LaMn2Si2 after cooling from 298 to 263 K has been found.

Real-Time Forward Head Posture Detection and Correction System Utilizing an Inertial Measurement Unit Sensor

Forward head posture (FHP) has become a prevailing health issue in modern society as people spend more time on computers and smartphones. FHP is a posture where the head is forward and the anterior and posterior curvatures of the lower cervical and upper thoracic spines are both, respectively, exaggerated. FHP is often associated with neck pain, bad static balance, and hunched shoulders or back. To prevent this, consciously maintaining good posture is important. Therefore, in this study, we propose a system that gives users real-time, accurate information about their neck posture, and it also encourages them to maintain a good posture. This inexpensive system utilizes a single inertial measurement unit sensor and a Raspberry Pi system to detect the changes in state that can progress to an FHP. It retrieves data from the sensor attached to the user’s cervical spine to indicate their real-time posture. In a real-world office environment experiment with ten male participants, the system accurately detected the transition to the FHP state for more than 10 s, with a delay of less than 0.5 s, and it also provided personalized feedback to encourage them to maintain good posture. All ten participants recognized that their average craniovertebral angle had to be increased after receiving visual alerts regarding their poor postures in real time. The results indicate that the system has potential for widespread applications.

Changes in traffic carbon emissions with traffic conditions and their control strategies

Road traffic carbon dioxide emissions have a significant impact on the atmospheric environment, and changes in traffic conditions can affect these emissions; while changes in traffic state and traffic infarction can reflect traffic conditions, there are also differences in carbon dioxide emissions generated by vehicles operating on different fuels. Therefore, this paper sequentially determines quantitative indicators of traffic states and traffic infarction as well as macro control strategies to improve traffic carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, taking the confluence area as the object of analysis, the impact of traffic state and traffic infarction on carbon dioxide emissions is sequentially analysed with actual traffic flow data and statistical methods, and corresponding models are constructed. Meanwhile, based on the analysis results, mainline speed limit control strategies that consider the traffic state and traffic infarction, as well as the control strategy based on the combination of multiple fuel–vehicle combinations, are presented. The analysis results show that changes in both traffic states and traffic infarction can affect traffic carbon dioxide emissions from the mainline and the on-ramps, which can fundamentally affect traffic conditions. Moreover, total carbon dioxide emissions from a combination of gasoline and diesel minibuses decrease with an increase in the ratio of gasoline minibuses.

Adaptive Matching of Discrete Antenna Tuning Units of High Frequency Band to Varying Load Impedance

The issue of matching the antenna with thetransmitter-receiverplays a primary role in radio communications. The matching problem is relevant for different ranges and is solved in many ways. In the high frequency wave range, matching has a number of features when using an antenna coupler based on discrete elements consisting of capacitance and inductance boxes. The article discusses the concept of fast matching of high-frequency amplifying paths ofdecametric wavestransceivers with non-stationary loads using discrete antenna couplers. An innovative approach has been developed to the tuning process when changing the operating frequency and ensuring self-adaptation of the antenna coupler when changing the impedance, based on methods for quickly searching for the geometric proximity of points. A quick method for configuring the antenna coupler is proposed, eliminating the procedure for recalculating the input impedance based on the results of measuring the input impedance of the antenna coupler. When using it, the speed of setting the antenna coupler at the current operating frequency is limited only by the time of a single state change of the discrete power circuit, which in the case of electromagnetic relays is numerically equal to their switching time. The configuration of the antenna coupler using the method of fast search for the geometric proximity of points is based on a set of frequency cards with settings options. Such cards can be recalculated for the reference plane between the generator and the antenna coupler input for all combinations of discrete elements in accordance with the known matrix model of a discrete power circuit. This eliminates the complicated procedure of recalculating the input impedance of the antenna using complex numbers. The technical result of the proposed innovative method of antenna coupler configuringis simplification, tracking of systematic errors of the impedance meter, elimination of time-consuming calculations with complex numbers, expansion of the method functionality, reduction of the tuning duration and improvement its quality. The practical significance lies in the fact that the implementation of the proposed technical solutions in the high frequency range communications means can significantly (about 100 times) limit the duration of preparation for a radio communication session, eliminate the procedure for recalculating the antenna input impedance and reduce the resource requirements of switching elements.

&lt;b&gt;Analysis of State Changes in English Causative Constructions: Insights from Construction Grammar&lt;/b&gt;

This research aims to explore how English causative constructions convey changes in state, using the frameworks of Construction Grammar and Radical Construction Grammar. The 310 English language samples were selected based on their relevance to illustrating transitions caused by internal or external factors, sourced from reliable texts, diverse contexts, varied grammatical constructions, and common usage patterns. Through a thorough examination of syntax and semantics, the study aims to illustrate how causative constructions effectively capture dynamic processes and cognitive perceptions. Emphasis is placed on the roles of the agent and patient, with the analysis seeking to uncover how these structures deal with causality and, crucially, changes in state. The findings show that causative structures in English mainly depict physical changes, although there is still a significant representation of emotional and mental changes. This analysis reveals the universal and language-specific aspects of causative constructions and provides insights into how they are used in everyday conversations and cognitive activities.