State Atomic Energy Corporation Research Articles

Preface

The 5th International Conference of Geography and Disaster Management 2023 (ICGDM 2023) was successfully held by the Faculty of Geography, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The conference was held via online Zoom meeting on 5-6th December 2023. ICGDM 2023 had a relevant theme for the tropical regions which is “Exploring Sustainable Solutions for Regional Development in Tropical Geographies: Unveiling the Potential, Embracing the Challenges”. It aimed to be a scientific platform for research dissemination, ideas sharing, and collaboration related to topics of environmental studies, socio-economic, regional development, disaster management, remote sensing, and GIS applications. ICGDM 2023 invited speakers from different backgrounds who are experts in the field of either physical or socio-economic geography. The keynote speakers were Dr. Nawaz M Mian (National University of Singapore, Singapore), Prof. Christopher Gomez (Kobe University, Japan), Muhammad Aufaristama, Ph.D. (University of Twente, Netherlands), Asaba Joyfred, M.A. (Kyambogo University, Uganda), Dr. Mukhamad Ngainul Malawani, M.Sc. (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia), Dr. Edy Trihatmoko (Impact Team 2050 Member, State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom (ROSATOM), Russia). This ICGDM 2023 was attended by 123 participants and presenters. The committee has received 123 paper submissions, and after the review process, 60 papers were selected for publication in the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. We would like to thank all the authors who have actively participated in the conference. We also highly appreciate the full support from Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. List of Committee is available in this pdf.

Значение организаций, реализующих государственно-властные полномочия, в системе публичного управления

The article analyzes advantages and disadvantages of both centralization and decentralization of public administration. The paper shows that tendencies towards predominantly centralized or predominantly decentralized public administration in the country are constantly replacing each other. Based on the analysis of this sine-shaped process, the author concludes that organizations that exercise separate government authorities, in particular, state corporations need to exist in the contemporary administrative system. As an example, the publication reviews the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation. The author notes that organizations that exercise separate government authorities are full-fledged subjects of the public administration system.

Digitalisation as a competitive advantage of Rosatom State Corporation

The article considers the process of digitalisation of the nuclear industry on the example of State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom and foreign companies. The purpose of the study is to identify the digital competitive advantages of Rosatom and analyse global competitors. The main prospects and trends in the development of the state corporation have been identified. The article describes the problems faced by the process of digitisation of the industry. The current digital products of Rosatom and its developments have been considered. The positive effects of the Lean Smart Plant project, the introduction of electronic document management have been described. The process of digital transformation includes the introduction of artificial intelligence, a digital twin, the Internet of things, which also changes the methodology of enterprise management and production, the infrastructure sector, high-tech modeling, automation of design and construction. It is stated that digital transformation has a multiplicative effect. The complex use of digital technologies and platforms allows you to reduce logistics costs, increase labor productivity, reduce the level of labor intensity of production and increase KPI. The main conclusions of this article are that there are a number of problems on the way of implementing digitalisation in the nuclear industry that should be overcome using current, modern, including foreign digital services that can positively affect changes due to transformational digital shifts.

The performance of the State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM during the COVID-19 pandemic

Subject. The paper describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global atomic energy and the Russian one, in particular, illustrating the case of the State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM. Objectives. We evaluate the consequences the pandemic caused for the atomic energy and, inter alia, ROSATOM. Methods. The study draws upon the analysis of literature and statistical data. Data were taken from the official website of ROSATOM and other open sources. Results. The COVID-19 pandemic was found to have both a positive and negative effect on various sectors and the atomic energy, specifically. We pointed out key development lines of ROSATOM, which relate to the core activity and new business activities for the State Corporation it has undertaken partially trying to deal with the pandemic crisis. The article briefly informs of the sectors, which were more or less hit by the pandemic, i.e. manufacturing, finance, aviation, construction, tourism, agriculture, pharmaceutics, and electronics. We also delve into new type of ROSATOM’s activities. Conclusions and Relevance. As the study shows, the COVID-19 pandemic affected atomic energy to a lesser extent and unexpectedly urged the development of new business types related to nuclear medicine.

Place and role of rebranding in increasing market capitalization of modern energy companies

The author estimates the impact of the rebranding process on the capitalization of modern energy companies.Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, the main theoretical aspects of the brand renewal process have been identified and presented. Examples of the world practice of rebranding in the energy sector are given on the examples of such corporations as AGL Australia, Eversource (formerly Northeast Utilities), Statoil, Gas Natural Fenosa, PJSC Rosseti. The concept of initial brand is studied, and the analysis of rebranding in one of Russia’s largest energy companies, the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, is presented from the concept to implementation. It is estimated that due to rebranding, all subsidiaries and organizations of this company will be united under a common brand name, which should further unite all the separate parts of the holding into a single streamlined system. This will further enhance both the company’s reputation and economic standing on international markets. The potential and authority of the Rosatom brand are forecast to rise, with the corporation becoming more competitive and attractive for investors. In the long term, this will definitely affect the total capitalization of Rosatom. According to all forecasts, this will rise, bringing the company good profits, along with considerable proceeds to the Russian Federation budget.The research methodology is consistent with conventional boundaries, with a full set of approaches typical of research of a social phenomenon, such as the company's rebranding activities. As a hypothesis, a convincing and proven assumption has been put forward that the brand has become as important factor in competitiveness as the tangible properties of company products. Rebranding is therefore taking a leading role in increasing the market capitalization and competitiveness of a company in international markets.

Comprehensive environmental monitoring during remediation of a nuclear legacy site in the Far East of Russia

In compliance with the fundamentals of the government’s policy on nuclear and radiation safety, Russia is continuing to implement its national program for decommissioning its nuclear legacy. Under this program, the State Atomic Energy Corporation, ‘Rosatom’, is carrying out decommissioning and remediation of the Navy’s former shore technical bases (STBs) in the Russian Far East. Along with the ‘old problems’ accumulated during the operation of STBs in the past, new challenges arise because of the planned intensification of radioactive waste (RW) management on the site in the nearest future. The paper presents the results of comprehensive environmental monitoring at the site of temporary storage for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and RW at Sysoeva Bay, located in Primorsky Krai. One of the site’s features is the cross contamination of the environment with radioactive substances and nonradiological pollutants. The dominant radionuclides in the environmental media are 137Cs, 90Sr, and a minor contribution from 60Сo. The soil contamination with artificial radionuclides predominantly relates to the category of industrial waste with local areas classified as very low-level RWs. The contamination penetrated the underground water via migration from the damaged SNF and RW storage facilities. Along with cesium and strontium radionuclides, widespread groundwater pollution with heavy metals (I–III hazardous classes), including Be and As, was revealed. Moreover, the exceedance of permissible levels of Cd reaches 1000 times, and that of radionuclides (90Sr)reaches 50 times. It dictates the necessity to improve the environmental impact assessment by accounting for the nonradiological pollutants in monitoring design. The radiological conditions in the residential area are characterized by the regional background levels. The average annual effective dose of public exposure due to artificial sources does not exceed 40 µSv.

ВЫБОР СТРУКТУРЫ ДВУХКОМПОНЕНТНОЙ ЯЭС С ОПТИМАЛЬНЫМ УЧЕТОМ ЭКСПОРТНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА И ТЕХНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМИ

In accordance with the approved order of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom dated May 24, 2018 No. 1-1/366-r “Strategy for the development of nuclear power until 2050 and the outlook for the period up to 2100”, the transition to a two-component structure of nuclear power in Russia is a key area of its technological development. The structure of a two-component nuclear power system (hereinafter NES) can include various elements, the search for the optimal combination of which in development is a multi-parameter problem. The relevance of determining the appearance and structure of a two-component NES is that it is designed to ensure sustainable, cost-effective electricity production in the face of growing global restrictions on natural resources of fossil fuel and environmentally harmful emissions, while meeting the requirements of nuclear, radiation safety and nuclear non-proliferation, as well as to realize the potential increasing the commercial attractiveness of the nuclear industry through the provision of services in the field of nuclear fuel cycle. The article presents the results of computational and analytical studies to substantiate the creation of a two-component NES and recommendations for choosing the structure of a two-component NES with optimal technical and economic indicators, taking into account the export potential. To select the optimal scenario for the development of a nuclear power plant, a multi-criteria analysis of the simulation results with a given set of system criteria was carried out.

Implementation of Priority Measures to Eliminate the Accumulated Environmental Damage Caused by Chemical Enterprises in the City of Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk Region

A difficult situation, close to an environmental disaster, had been developing in the town of Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk Region, since the 90s of the ХХ century. In 2020, the problem of accumulated environmental damage caused by chemical enterprises of the ecological zone of Lake Baikal, reached the federal level. On July 30, 2020, the President of the Russian Federation set the task of eliminating chemical contamination on the territory of the former enterprise LLC «Usoliekhimprom». The aim of this work is to summarize the experience of the Russian NBC Protection Troops, accumulated in course of eliminating the environmental damage, caused by the activities of chemical enterprises in the city of Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk region. The plan on priority measures was drawn up on the basis of careful monitoring of the «Usoliekhimprom» LLC industrial site in order to eliminate the chemical threats, existed at the facility. The special group of troops (forces) was formed to take part in liquidation activities. This group was formed from NBC Protection Troops, the State Atomic Energy Corporation «Rosatom», the Russian Emergencies Ministry, the Russian Guard and the Federal Biomedical Agency. In course of the training, the special group of troops (forces) worked out all the issues related to the safe conduct of the work, organized interaction between departments, and distributed the functional responsibilities. After the completion of the preparatory stage, the group began to work. 17 emergency railway tanks containing 104, 3 tons of toxic chemicals were fragmented, the above-ground part of the mercury electrolysis workshop with more than 600 tons of mercury was dismantled, the most dangerous wells Р-2Х and Р-5 with 107 thousand liters of epichlorohydrin production wastes were pumped out. In course of work, the detachment of the NBC Protection Troops carried out continuous monitoring of the chemical situation on the territory of the industrial site of «Usoliekhimprom LLC» and the adjacent territory. When carrying out liquidation measures, the personnel of the detachment of the NBC Protection Troops faced a number of problematic issues related to ensuring chemical safety. The solution of these problems made it possible to complete all the work in time and at a high professional level. All the work was carried out from August 8 to November 24, 2020.

Explosions, Powerful Shock Waves, and Extreme States of Matter

Extreme states arise when a substance is exposed to powerful shock, detonation and electric explosive waves, concentrated laser radiation, electron and ion beams, during powerful chemical and nuclear explosions, hypersonic motion of bodies in dense planetary atmospheres, high-speed impact, and in many other situations characterized by extremely high pressures and temperatures. The study of matter under extreme conditions is one of the most urgent and intensively developing fundamental scientific disciplines, located at the intersection of plasma physics, nonlinear optics, condensed state, nuclear, atomic and molecular physics, and relativistic and magnetic hydrodynamics. In our country, research in the field of physics of high energy density and extreme states of matter is dynamically developing thanks to the active cooperation of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation.

Social risk management in nuclear cities: ROSATOM experience

The article examines the activities of the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom” on the implementation of social projects in the cities where nuclear facilities are located and improving the quality of territory management. The factors of social and political risk for the implementation of the programs of the State Corporation “Rosatom” for the development of nuclear cities are given. Possible methods for managing political risks in nuclear cities are presented.

АНАЛИЗ СПЕЦИФИКИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СТРАТЕГИИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ ЗАТО, НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ КОТОРЫХ РАСПОЛОЖЕНЫ ОБЪЕКТЫ ГОСКОРПОРАЦИИ «РОСАТОМ»

The practice of managing the balanced socio-economic development of territories is changing rapidly. Crisis phenomena, external pressure, various sanctions, global resource confrontation, as well as internal factors limiting socio-economic development bring to the fore the problems of sustainable territorial development. The management of modern territorial development is becoming more and more complex and multifaceted. In our opinion, it is in such conditions that it is extremely important to have a vision of the desired state and preferred ways and options for the development of the control object. It is necessary to analyze the underlying causes of current development problems and search for ways to resolve them. Many economists believe that “points of economic growth” in the regions may become closed administrative-territorial units, on the territory of which the facilities of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom or ROSATOM are located. The use of such long-term planning tools as SWOT and factor analysis seems to be extremely important in unlocking the potential of socio-economic development of these territories. The article deals with the formation of a development strategy for the territories of ROSATOM presence.

Новый подход к развитию закрытых атомных городов

The trends of the socio-economic development of closed administrative-territorial entities of the nuclear industry of Russia are determined. The impact of the diversification of the activities of the State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM to diversify the economy of closed nuclear cities is revealed. A new approach to the development of closed administrative-territorial entities, based on the strengthening of participation of the State Corporation in it, measures to diversify the municipal economy in the framework of this approach are proposed. The need to use this approach in the development of strategic documents by local self-government and State Corporation is designated

Features of training specialists for responsibility centers of the project direction “Proryv”

National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (NRNU MEPhI) is the leading university of the consortium of reference universities of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom (ROSATOM), a regular supplier of young specialists of the highest level. Since 2014 NRNU MEPhI has been training graduates for responsibility centers of the project direction “Proryv”. University responds quickly to staffing challenges, and provides the project “Proryv” the personnel with relevant unique competencies. These competencies include the ability to apply the knowledge gained to develop a new technological platform for nuclear power with the involvement of uranium-238 and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing products in the fuel cycle. Obtaining such unique knowledge is impossible without the use of external resources, namely, the involvement of leading scientists and practitioners of ROSATOM for conducting classes with students, organizing practices in scientific centers and at nuclear fuel cycle enterprises. The article discusses the features of the organization of the educational process in this area.

Language Competence Formation Among VETI NRNU MEPhI Students in the View of State Corporation «Rosatom» Export-Oriented Policy

The paper is devoted to the formation of language competence within the framework of a communication-oriented approach in the light of the requirements of the State Atomic Energy Corporation «Rosatom». The paper discusses a competence-based approach that focuses on the organization of educational and cognitive activities. It presents the experience of using modern communication technologies, Internet resources, online services. The ways of improving the learning process are proposed. The competencies acquired as a result of learning a foreign language are considered.

Assessment of Opportunities and Prospects for Diversifying the Activities of State Corporations in the Framework of Modern Organizational and Technological Trends (in the case of the nuclear industry)

Purpose: determination of the opportunities and definition of prospects of diversification in the field of production of new products (in the case of the nuclear industry), which allows to match the level of a new technological stage and to achieve state goals for import substitution, production of high-tech civilian products of the defense enterprises, creation of mechanisms for state support of leading industries.Methods: the research is based on a comprehensive analysis of diversification and production of new products using scientific and technical, institutional, organizational, and marketing approaches. Methods of empirical analysis were used to assess the opportunities and prospects for the production of new products by nuclear industry enterprises. The research also used methods of comparison, generalization, classification, and graphical representation.Results: as part of the study of diversification processes, the need for a special understanding of the term "new" in relation to technologies and products that correspond to both global technological trends and novelty from the point of view of the manufacturer has been identified. The reasons that motivate nuclear enterprises to develop new products (the need to diversify activities related to nuclear energy, expanding the production of high-tech products by defense enterprises) were determined. Global and national markets, major competitors, government support measures for a number of new products manufactured by the enterprises of the ROSATOM State Atomic Energy Corporation – wind energy, additive technologies, composite materials, digital technologies – were evaluated. It was shown that ROSATOM in some cases forms these markets in Russia creating opportunities for other enterprises. ROSATOM activities meet the world's leading manufacturers practice – the entire technology chain from materials to finished product building, key manufacturers combining. ROSATOM is developing the directions that require interaction between the state and business.Conclusions and Relevance: diversification, including the production of new products, corresponds to both promising organizational and technological trends (industry 4.0, etc.) and the needs of import substitution and diversification. The effective organizational approach is the competencies unification that allows to cover all redistributions and compete with leading global manufacturers. It is necessary to create national markets using public-private partnership where public corporations can play a leading role in order to develop the most promising technological areas. The state should form a system for supporting promising areas in new technologies and products fields.

Integrated project program management in the nuclear-power engineering as a driver for the interindustrial development of export-based contractors of the Russian Federation

Modern approaches to implementation of nuclear power plant construction projects all over the world are based on a symbiosis of project and process-based management, which are transformed within the conditions of information economy into integrated management that increases the efficiency of the project by combining capabilities and interests of all participants in the investment cycle. In the world market of nuclear power plant construction leading positions of the State Atomic Energy Corporation «Rosatom» create an environment for a highly efficient technology transfer, and also determine fundamentally new opportunities that offered for all high-tech domestic companies. It should be noted that in the context of globalization, participants number limitation of nuclear power plant construction projects’ integrated project management exclusively by structures of the owner, designer and contractor, which often included in «Rosatom» State Corporation, transforms project into an isolated system that does not have the potential for strategic interindustrial development. Under present circumstances, it seems appropriate to consider the process of managing a projects program in the field of nuclear power plant construction, which allows synchronizing strategic activities of domestic high-tech export-based contractors in order to achieve a common synergistic effect and ensure high economic competitiveness and technological leadership of each participant.

Preface

We are pleased to introduce the Proceedings of The industry conference «Closure of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle on the Basis of Fast Neutron Reactors» (11-12 October, 2018, Tomsk, Russia) organized by The State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM.The conference is a logical continuation of the FR-17 conference and an element of the unified information and organizational environment of the new technological platform of nuclear power. At the conference the participants of Proryv Project, representatives of Federal authorities and regulators, industry experts and partners are invited to discuss the issues of key scientific and technological developments, the achieved technological superiority in the areas of the project and the competitiveness of the developed solutions.The received papers were reviewed according to the standards of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series and developed by organizers scientific criteria. This volume of journal includes 27 papers devoted to various branches of nuclear reactor physics and technology.List of Editors, Photos, Logos are available in this pdf.

The Concept of a Digital Twin of a Radiotherapy System

The main approaches to the development of a digital twin for the Russian-made KLT-6 radiotherapy system are discussed and a structural scheme is presented. The system is presently being developed at the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom. Questions of increasing the reliability of the major systems of the KLT-6 using the digital twin are assessed. The use of a 3D scanning system with virtual reality is proposed to improve the user characteristics and ensure the competitiveness of the system.

K.V. Chmutov’s Legacy in Developing the Fundamental Concepts of the Radioactive Elements Chromatography

A review is presented of the work performed from the early 1950s to the present at the Laboratory of Radioelement Chromatography of the USSR Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Physical Chemistry (the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry). The works in the field of studying the patterns of sorption and dynamics of chromatography for systems of chelate displacement chromatography (CDC), the chromatographic separation of elements under conditions of ionizing radiation, and the chromatographic separation of radionuclides with the use of separating ions are described. The separation of 137Cs radionuclide from irradiated nuclear fuel (INF) reprocessing solutions using ferrocyanide sorbents, the use of ion-exchange resins for the recovery of rare-earth elements (REEs) and actinides from solutions of different composition, and advances in the field of the sorption purification of liquid radioactive wastes of different chemical and radionuclide composition are also considered. The means developed at the Laboratory provided the basis for the technologies of the separation of radioactive elements from INF reprocessing solutions and the purification of liquid radioactive wastes. These technologies are used today at enterprises of the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation, nuclear power stations, and other facilities of the nuclear industry.

Codes of new generation - current state of development and prospects for further development

The work on codes of new generation development was initiated in 2010. Codes of new generation are intended for the safety assessment of NPP with FR (BREST-OD-300 or BN-1200) with closed nuclear fuel cycle. Under “codes of new generation” is understood commercializable software product with the following characteristics: based on the state-of- the-art level of the theoretical models and experimental data; founded on the efficient numerical algorithms; written according to the up to date requirements of the programing languages standards and adjusted to the up to date computing technics; provided with the graphical user interface; documented: users’ guide, reference manual, programmers guide; automatically connected with the CAD systems. There is one more requirement to the developed codes of new generation, that is obligate according to the Russian federal rules and regulations to use them for NPP safety assessment: codes should be certified by Rostechnadzor. The first priority was to develop the codes that did not have the Russian analogues but that are required for safety assessment. Starting from 2010 the high-level team was formed including the specialists from scientific institutes, organizations of the State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM, institutions of high education, combining specialist from different areas. This allows achieving the following key results to the mid of 2018: 26 codes have been developed with the different level of detalization and complexity, including integral multi-physical codes (neutronics MCU-FR, ODETTA, CORNER, NDP-ACE, BPSD, COMPLEX; thermohydraulic HYDRA-IBRAE/LM, LOGOS, CONV-3D, KUPOL-BR; fuel rod behavior code BERKUT; codes for analysis of fission products transport in the environment, including safety validation of the disposal of all types of prepared radioactive wastes, ROM, ROUZ, Sibylla, GeRa; codes for modeling processes of the closed nuclear fuel cycle KOD TP and VIZART; code for probabilistic safety analysis CRISS 5.3; integral codes for NPP safety justification SOCRAT-BN and EUCLID), 6 of them are certified in Rostechnadzor; the codes of new generation are distributed by the User License Agreements; the First Codes of New Generation User School was conducted for the young specialists of atomic and other industries; the codes of new generation are used for NPP with BREST-OD- 300 and BN-1200 reactors safety assessment. At the next stage it is assumed to develop the codes of new generation that does not have the foreign analogues (in particular, codes for closed nuclear cycle objects safety assessment), to improve the certain models, to create the positive public image of the developed software products by taking part in the international benchmarks and conferences, to expand the codes field of application by validation of the codes on the unique novel experiments.