State Apparatus Research Articles

The struggle for land in coastal Ecuador during the PAIS alliance pink-tide governments: trapped in patronage, corruption, and violence

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the barriers that peasant associations faced to access seized land in Hacienda Las Mercedes through the Plan Tierras. I argue that the mobilization for land transited between an undemocratic state that has historically served the agrarian elite and a state impregnated by patronage, corruption and violent practices that wrested autonomy from and divided peasant organizations to prevent the effective distribution of seized hacienda land. Persistent peasant mobilization illustrates how the struggle for land was also a struggle against a state apparatus that continued to serve the interests of the agrarian elite eager to recover its former properties.

Implementasi Reformasi Birokrasi Dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Aparatur Di Dinas Koperasi Usaha Kecil Menengah dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Dharmasraya

This research aims to find out how bureaucratic reform is implemented in developing human resources for the apparatus at the Dharmasraya Regency Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives and Trade Service. Researchers conducted qualitative research using descriptive methods. The research was conducted at the Dharmasraya Regency Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives and Trade Service. To select informants using purposive sampling. The data sources for this research are primary and secondary data, which were collected through interviews and documentation. However, triangulation of methods and sources is used to test the validity of the data. Data analysis consists of four stages: data collection, data reduction, data delivery and conclusions. The research results show that the implementation of bureaucratic reform in the development of human resources for the apparatus has gone well, although not optimally. employee skills are still lacking, thus explaining the importance of providing training to State Civil Servants who need it. The Dharmasraya Regency Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives and Trade Service has implemented bureaucratic reform in the aspect of human resource development. There are three indicators in human resource development according to Lijan Poltak Sinambela (2016), namely (1) Training and development of human resources such as training for civil servants (Laksa), career advancement training, (2) Compensation (3) Career development. Meanwhile, in the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2021 concerning the Road Map for Bureaucratic Reform of the Ministry of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform for 2020-2024, there are seven indicators of success in developing human resources, namely (1) Planning employee needs (2 ) Employee recruitment (3) Employee development (4) Promotion, transfer and rotation of employees (5) Implementation of employee performance assessments (6) Enforcement of employee code of ethics (7) Developing a personnel information system. However, in implementing bureaucratic reform, the Dharmasraya Regency Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises and Trade Service experienced obstacles, such as a lack of infrastructure, a lack of budget, and a lack of training provision for ASN. Efforts made by the Dharmasraya Regency Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives and Trade Service are (1) Development through Training (2) Increasing human resource capacity in the region (3) Human resource training system

Viable Cooperation or Unscrupulous Service? Motivations for Albert Bereczky’s Activity in Church Governance

Albert Bereczky is one of the controversial figures in the 20th-century history of the Hungarian Reformed Church. Bereczky was a genuine and authentic leader of those who fought for the inner spiritual renewal of the church between the two world wars, a church organizer, a well-known and respected preacher, who saved many by risking his life during the deportation of Hungarian Jews to extermination camps, for which he was posthumously awarded the honorary title “Righteous Among the Nations” from the Yad Vashem. However, the communist state apparatus established after World War II found in him the person who, by placing him at the head of the Reformed Church, could bring about a radical reduction of the public and social role of the Church almost without any resistance. So, the question arises: how and why could Bereczky, whose Christian commitment was hard to question, become the servant of the dictatorial state apparatus with its atheistic ideology? Our study attempts to record the possible intrinsic and extrinsic motivations that might explain this dilemma, while also providing a general insight into Albert Bereczky’s life. Keywords: Bishop Albert Bereczky, Zoltán Tildy, Church–state relationship, communist persecution of Christians, collaboration

Women on Women in Contemporary Romanian Documentary Film

Guy Standing (2016) observes how in Eastern Europe, the post-1989 neoliberal order determined the working class to morph into what he names the precariat. This newly formed segment of society has to adapt to forever changing market imperatives in order to survive. Concomitantly, the Romanian state apparatus abruptly mutated from an overwhelming patriarchal structure into an all-out absent one (Bucur and Miroiu 252), thus making it more difficult for women to manage both patriarchally imposed roles and to find a workplace. Women filmmakers like Ana Căpățână-Juller (Aici…adică acolo [Here… meaning there], 2012) and Teodora Mihai (Waiting for August, 2014) decide to turn their cameras onto women characters engaged in a struggle for survival. Both filmmakers deal with the same theme, the lives of children who have to raise themselves, as their parents have gone abroad in order to gain better incomes than in Romania. Working with Sybille Krämer’s “second person model of witnessing,” where testimony is associated with concepts such as social interaction manifested through trust and authority (Krämer 34), I will examine how the two filmmakers particularly engage with their subjects and the differences between two directorial perspectives: one that approaches reality from a top down perspective, while the other is enmeshed with the characters in the historical world.

Public Services: A Satisfaction Survey of Dumai City Hospital Services

Public service is a frequently discussed issue in Indonesia. However, when it comes to execution, local governments as service providers must consider a variety of factors. Regarding the government-owned regional hospital services that have been operating. One of them is monitoring the public satisfaction index for the services provided by Dumai city hospital. With the expectation that the findings may help policymakers at the regional hospital enhance future services. This article is intended to assess public satisfaction with the services offered by Dumai city hospital. The study used a quantitative technique measuring the Community Satisfaction Index established by the Regulation of the minister of state apparatus empowerment and bureaucratic reform of the republic of Indonesia number 14 of 2017 concerning guidelines for compiling public satisfaction surveys of public service provider units. There are nine items that are measured: requirement, systems mechanisms and procedures, time to completion, fees/rates, product specification type of service, officer behavior, competence of service officers, handling, complaints, suggestions and input, facilities and infrastructure. The study's population represents the entire community that has received services. The sample size was determined using the accidental sampling technique with 100 respondents. A questionnaire has been used for collecting the data required. The research study found that the community satisfaction index was 80.75, and the assessment category service satisfaction was good.

Increasing Employee Performance Through Physical Work Environment and Work Motivation

Uncomfortable workstations, inadequate lighting, or improper seating can lead to physical discomfort, less motivation, reduced productivity, and decreased employee performance. This research strives to determine to what extent the impact of the physical work environment in the workplace and encouraging work motivation can improve employee performance. The author's research approach uses quantitative surveys at one of the government agencies in West Bandung. Respondents are 77 state apparatus employees. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, which was then tested for the validity and reliability of the research instrument. The author's data testing uses path analysis. The research results show that the physical work environment, such as comfortable workstations and adequate lighting, can improve employee performance. Work motivation, such as the desire to develop, impacts employee performance. Research implications indicate that the presence of comfortable workstations and fulfilling employees' desires for development can contribute to increasing employee performance. The research results contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the physical work environment and employee work motivation to provide positive aspects for the organization to achieve goals. The author is aware that this research only uses survey data. Hence, there are several areas for improvement where the scope of the research could be more extensive and only focus on employees who work in government agencies. Also, this research only discusses the physical work environment in the workplace, encouraging work motivation and employee performance.

Using language in boundary-making: nation-state building in the early years of the Turkish Republic (1927–1965)

Abstract In 1927, the nascent Turkish Republic engaged in its first endeavor as a nation-state to systematically account for all its citizens. Included on this census were a number of different attributes the Turkish government wanted to know about its citizenry, including language. In the Turkish context, examining the language categories on the census between 1927 and 1965 and how – they changed over time – provides insight into how the new republic was imagining its citizenry (and by extension, itself). The dynamic nature of the language categories not only reflected an ambiguity that the nascent nation-state had regarding what constituted salient ethnolinguistic category for governing purposes, it also reflected the realization and subsequent politicization of minoritized populations over time. After examining the history of the development of the Turkish census, the article outlines the use of running records like censuses to provide insight into how state apparatuses were creating taxonomies to realize (or visualize) its citizenry and the value of utilizing such unobtrusive measures in Durkheimian social facts such as those who are “Us” and those who are “Other”. This article then situates the census data in its geographical context and demonstrates how the delineation of historic parts of the country that were settled by non-Turkish communities were ones that were then later demarcated into smaller administrative borders, allowing for closer government and military oversight. While this article is an exploratory case study of the Turkish census as part of its state building process, I contend that looking at how language categories were used in the 1927–1965 censuses provides insight into the nature of the Turkish government’s imaginings regarding its citizenry. In particular, the use of language data as a proxy for ethnicity was concomitant with processes of internal border demarcation that was taking place to increase government oversight in particular non-Turkish contexts, resulting in a “new” form of minoritization and marginalization in the Turkish Republic.

The Design of Information Technology Risk Management of The Secretariat of The Cabinet of The Republic of Indonesia

The Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia (Setkab) as a government institution that is responsible for managing cabinet management needs to implement information technology risk management effectively. In line with the Regulation of the Minister for Empowerment of State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform (PermenPAN RB) number 5 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Risk Management of Electronic-Based Government Systems (SPBE), it is necessary to have a design for handling information technology risks. However, Setkab has not yet implemented information technology risk management, resulting in information technology-related risks are not being identified. This study aims to develop a design for information technology risk management that is suitable for the needs and context of Setkab. The method used in the study is qualitative, collecting data through interviews, document analysis, and observation of information technology risks in the Setkab environment. Data analysis uses thematic analysis method. In developing the design for information technology risk management for Setkab, ISO 31000:2018 standard will be used as the main framework, then referring to ISO/IEC 27005:2022, as guidelines for risk assessment and risk treatment activities, and ISO/IEC 27002:2022 as the information security control reference. This research found 340 risk scenarios, 93 of which needed to be mitigated and 247 risks were acceptable. This research produced a risk management design using a combination of ISO 31000:2018 as a general guide for the risk management framework, ISO/IEC 27005:2022 for guidelines on the information technology risk management process, and ISO/IEC 27002:2022 for determining recommendations for risk treatment controls that is expected to help Setkab manage information technology risks systematically.

The Effectiveness of the SP4N-LAPOR! as a National Public Service Complaint Management Application

The implementation of the National Public Service Complaint Management System-Online Aspiration and Complaints Service (or Sistem Pengelolaan Pengaduan Pelayanan Publik Nasional- Layanan Aspirasi dan Pengaduan Online a.k.a SP4N-LAPOR!) as a national public service complaint management application is still facing several problems. Ministry of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform (or Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi a.k.a KemenPANRB) as a national admin of the SP4N-LAPOR! carries out monitoring and evaluation duties at the national level and forwards the reports to each government agency, thus playing an essential role in the effectiveness of SP4N-LAPOR!. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing public service complaint management in the SP4N-LAPOR! by KemenPANRB in 2021. Qualitative and descriptive approaches as well as interview observation and documentation were used to collect data. The findings in the research show that the SP4N-LAPOR! has been planned and arranged according to applicable regulations. However, in practice, the implementation of SP4N-LAPOR! has not been optimal due to several factors: commitment, coordination, technical and operational capabilities, technology, and community involvement.

Defending the Candid Gaze: Theory, the Archive, and Depolicing Street Photography

Abstract Since practically the dawn of photography, there have been concerns over street photography’s invasive and potentially exploitive nature, from late nineteenth-century tropes of pests and “sneaky characters” trailing women in public parks to more recent panics over “camera fiends” and even state security warnings of the need to be vigilant of photographers potentially casing infrastructure for terrorist attacks. This article argues, using potted history and critical theory, that such straw-man arguments distract from the real dangers that the policing and curtailment of public photography pose, characteristic, as they are, of authoritarian regimes where control over taking and circulating images is an integral part of oppressive state and corporate apparatuses. Street photography’s implicit role in the construction of an archive of aesthetic and documentary value can be understood as a type of resistance to such threatened microfascisms.

Challenges in Fostering Functional Positions After the Issuance of the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1 of 2023

Challenges in Fostering Functional Positions After the Issuance of the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1 of 2023

Kerja Bakti Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Hidup Bersih dan Gotong Royong di Negeri Rumah Tiga, Kota Ambon

Community Service Program (PKM) of the Pattimura University Student Community Service (KKN) batch L in Negeri Rumah Tiga is a community service action to clean the environment involving KKN students, State Apparatus and the community in Negeri Rumah Tiga. This activity aims to make the environment clean, healthy and beautiful as expected by the entire community, also fostering a culture of mutual cooperation in the Negeri Rumah Tiga Community. This community service activity is filled with cleaning the streets from garbage and weeds, gutters and picking up garbage in the yard. The implementation of this activity went smoothly. The evaluation of the implementation of this activity is that this activity must be routinely scheduled continuously, especially before entering the rainy season. The community's commitment to participating in this activity and maintaining its environment with good waste management also still needs to be improved. This activity also requires commitment from various parties, not only adults but also the participation of children in this activity as a form of campaign to maintain a clean lifestyle environment and the inheritance of cultural values ​​for future generations.

The Influence of Leadership and Work Stress on Employee Performance

The government, which is synonymous with the state apparatus which functions as a public servant in addition to being a state servant, is obliged to provide good services to the community. In a bureaucratic context, human resources will have an impact on public services which are expected to lead to good governance. This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of leadership and work stress on employee performance. The data used in this research is primary data obtained through distributing questionnaires. The population in this study was all 80 employees at the Jember Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD). The sampling technique or method used is a saturated sample. To find out the description of the respondents, descriptive analysis was used. Validity and reliability tests were also used in this research. The direct effect test was also used in this research. The research results state that leadership and work stress have a significant effect on employee performance.

Service Motivation under Political Pressure

The county-township cadres in China have a pivotal role as intermediaries between the strong state apparatus and the general population, directly overseeing public services. In contrast to the conventional paradigms that take external political pressure to be paramount in shaping bureaucratic receptiveness, this study uses a bureaucratic subjectivity approach that amalgamates intrinsic service motivation with structuralized external pressures in the context of Chinese local government to provide a more systemic and nuanced explanation of the sources of Chinese cadres’ responsiveness. Data are from an original quota-sampling survey of local cadres in 10 cities in China. We find that service motivation, together with mass media and top-down political pressure, shapes county-township responsiveness at both individual and organizational levels, and that service motivation transfers top-down political pressure to organizations’ responsive activities.

Analisis Perilaku Kerja Pegawai pada Kantor Kecamatan Teluk Jambe Timur

This research aims to analyze the work behavior of employees at the East Telukjambe Sub-district Office, Karawang Regency, based on the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2022. This study uses a qualitative approach with a focus on seven indicators of employee behavior, namely Service Orientation, Accountability, Competence, Harmony, Loyalty, Adaptability, and Collaboration. Informants in this study consist of the Sub-district Head, staff members, and the community. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with respondents, while secondary data were obtained from related literature and documentation. The analysis results indicate that the East Telukjambe Sub-district Office shows positive performance in all the examined indicators of employee behavior. Measures such as clear service policies, employee training, participatory performance evaluation systems, and promotion of collaboration among employees have been taken to strengthen this performance.

Now Everybody is a Friend; How Native Advertising Influences Indonesian Journalistic Field

Native advertising is increasingly the primary practice of online news media to gain economic benefits. The nature of native advertising resembling news content is considered effective in influencing the public. The media study in Indonesia focused heavily on media democratization following the authoritarian media system for more than three decades. However, Indonesian media's economic competition is becoming more challenging, and media personnel are looking for new ways to earn money from native advertising. This study investigates the contemporary development of Indonesian journalism concerning the increased native advertising practice. It utilizes the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu's journalistic and journalism social responsibility approach. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews of fifteen personnel from three Indonesian online news media. The study showed that Indonesian online news media highly practice native advertising to earn revenue. The increasing practice of native advertising in Indonesia urges journalists to be involved in advertising content production and dissemination. There is resistance from media personnel in native advertising practice. However, native advertising has become irresistible because most media are in an economic crisis. Native advertising drives media to make friends with every prospective client, including the Government. The media has become less independent and less concerned about their social responsibility as a watchdog because the Government and state apparatus are their clients. The media develop new norms and traditions to accommodate native advertising. Keywords: Indonesian journalism, journalistic field, media social responsibility, native advertising, online news media.

Attracting young people to the civil service: analysis of the problems and necessary measures

The article is devoted to solving the problem of reducing the number of young specialists in the civil service system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Currently, the task of attracting talented and young specialists to the civil service is one of the priority and strategic in the framework of the ongoing professionalization of the state apparatus. This is due, firstly, to the growing shortage of qualified specialists in many areas of public service activities, and secondly, to the increased competition in the labor market for young and talented staff. In these conditions, public bodies have to compete with organizations of private and quasi-public sectors, which often offer more attractive financial conditions when hiring employees. In this regard, in order to overcome the possible negative consequences of these trends, as well as to effectively attract and retain talented personnel in the civil service, it is necessary to work comprehensively, providing not only for the introduction of advanced approaches to entering the civil service, but also for the creation of attractive conditions for being in it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic practice of stimulating the attraction of young people to the civil service, as well as to develop recommendations aimed at increasing the attractiveness of civil service for talented young people. This study reviews domestic and foreign literature on the subject, analyzes the current model of attracting young people to the civil service, identifies the problems of staffing the civil service and career preferences of young people, as well as recommendations to improve the attractiveness of public service and prevent the outflow of talented young personnel.

Evaluation of the professional development stake model for geography teachers in Jambi city

The research aims to assess the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) of geography teachers, addressing: 1) the CPD profile at each level of the stake evaluation model and 2) recommendations based on the Minister of State Regulation Utilization of State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform Number 16 of 2009, regarding the Teacher's Functional Department and Credit Score Article 11, which mandates teachers to engage in self-development activities, scientific publications, and innovative works over the past 10 years (2012-2022). The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach utilizing the Stake Model Evaluation, covering the antecedent (planning), transaction (process), and outcomes (results) levels. Primary data collection involves questionnaires supplemented by observations, interviews, and documentation as needed. Data analysis utilizes a percentage approach at each level. Research respondents, selected through disproportionate Random Sampling, include 19 schools in Jambi City, comprising a total of 32 Geography Teachers. Data presentation follows a quantitative descriptive approach. The research findings indicate that: 1) the CPD profile of geography teachers at the antecedent (planning) level is in the good category (79%), the transaction (process) level is also in the good category (84%), while the outcomes (results) level is in the less category (13%). 2) Recommendations at the antecedent level include engaging in enrichment activities. Transaction-level recommendations suggest improving digital skills and supplementing infrastructure facilities with CPD-related books. Outcome-level recommendations propose that the Education Department implement continuous teacher construction. Schools are encouraged to manage teacher's academic qualifications. Geography teachers are urged to contribute to educational works.

Analyzing the Challenges and Barriers to Develop State Civil Apparatus Competency Through Talent Management Development After the Release of the National Succession Planning System

Indonesia has transitioned from a public service management model to one to improve service delivery and competitiveness. However, this change faces challenges of efficiency in processes, human resource structures, and bureaucracy. Public distrust and State Civil Apparatus (ASN) non-compliance with the flow of reform pose challenges to increasing ASN competency and leadership reform. The implementation of breakthroughs in the development of public services still cannot prevent corruption both in regional and central government. Corruption does not only occur in the fiscal sector but also the ‘buying and selling’ positions due to the ASN’s low integrity. Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia Number 38 of 2017 concerning Competency Standards for State Civil Apparatus Positions requires that a State Civil Apparatus must have technical, managerial, and socio-cultural competence, which is constrained by the application of rules related to functional positions and career development, the institutionalization of the ASN’ workplace, and development of ASN training institutions. These constraints influence the ASN’s desire to develop. Thus, an integrated succession planning system for competency development which involves public participation is needed to prevent corruption, collusion, and nepotism in its implementation.

К вопросу о проблематике отечественной бюрократии: социально-философское рассмотрение

The article is an attempt at an unbiased assessment of the role of the Russian bureaucracy in the context of the socio-historical process. Despite the diversity of the available theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of domestic bureaucracy, the analysis of historical facts shows that only a centrally soldered authoritarian model that ensures the realization of mobilization potential demonstrated effectiveness. In the course of the historical evolution of the state apparatus, a political and managerial tradition has been formed – a historically established, stable and repetitive system of norms and rules that determines the type of relations primarily within the political and administrative sphere. At present, the domestic bureaucracy is one of the main contradictions for the national social system, playing the role of thesis and antithesis at the same time. On the one hand, the established state administrative apparatus is organically connected with society, and its destruction will inevitably lead to the social system into a systemic crisis, or even to a rapid collapse. On the other hand, the destructive influence of bureaucratization is obvious and boils down to the following points: 1) a lack of flexibility and speed in decision-making, which is relevant in today’s rapidly changing world; 2) a tendency to minimise grassroots initiatives, the potential of which is not adequately understood by the majority of the population; 3) alienation between the population and administrative officials, who are increasingly becoming a separate group, working against social unity and integrity.