Start-up Enterprises Research Articles

The Research on the Growth of Independent Innovation Entrepreneurial Enterprises and Open Innovation Mechanism Based on Institutional Perspective

With the deepening and wide application of various emerging technologies and concepts, communication and cooperation between enterprises become more and more frequent. Open development and innovative development have become the inevitable choices for enterprises to realize their sustained and healthy growth. Especially under the guidance of the state's macro-system of strongly encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship, the growth of independent innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises and open innovation issues are increasingly becoming social focus issues. This paper discusses the impact mechanism between the two and puts forward the corresponding open innovation strategy based on the relevant national encouragement system. With the continuous development of high and new technology and its wide application in the production and operation activities of enterprises, economic ties between enterprises are becoming more frequent. It has become an essential choice for most enterprises in the digital economy era to adopt an open attitude to face the competition and the market and to continuously carry out product innovation and technological innovation. Especially for small-scale and late-start independent innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises, openness and innovation are the basic conditions for their survival and development in the new competitive and technological environment. In recent years, China has launched a series of policies to encourage the development of innovative and start-up enterprises, especially pointing out the development direction of "specialization, refinement, particularity, and innovation" for manufacturing enterprises and introducing relevant support and reward systems. Under the influence of these two factors, it is of great practical significance for independent innovation and start-up enterprises to explore what form of open innovation an enterprise should take and how it functions.

Influence of financial subsidies on innovation efficiency of start-up enterprises

The start-up period is the most difficult period for enterprises to survive and innovate. How will government subsidies affect the innovation efficiency of enterprises in the start-up period? And, is there any heterogeneity? The academic research is still relatively preliminary and controversial. This study adopts the cash flow method to screen a sample of start-ups from Chinese GEM, STAR Market and SME board-listed companies from 2010 to 2020 for empirical research. The study found that financial subsidies can generally promote the innovation efficiency of start-ups, but there is also significant heterogeneity by industry, region and whether the subsidies are sustainable. Financial subsidies generally have a signaling effect that facilitates startups to attract external capital, and this effect is most significant in the industrial sector. Overall, fiscal decentralization negatively regulates the effect of subsidies on the innovation efficiency of start-ups, especially in the public utilities and industrial sectors. The government subsidies are relatively insignificant to improve the innovation efficiency of start-up enterprises in non-first-tier cities, especially in small and medium-sized cities, and the multiplier effect is relatively small. The effect of non-sustainable subsidies is not significant because they cannot produce a long-term mechanism and thus are difficult to influence future expectations and decisions. The subsidy effect is not significant in other industries outside the industrial sector, and the lower the level of industry competition, the weaker the signaling effect of enterprise credit, the less conducive to its access to external innovation resources to enhance innovation efficiency through the signaling effect of government subsidies. Moreover, financial decentralization does not improve the innovation efficiency of government subsidies as expected, but weakens the innovation efficiency of fiscal subsidies for start-up enterprises in general. The study proposed that the government (especially the small and medium-sized city government) should optimize the business environment and financial capital allocation, change the supervision and management mechanism, improve the efficiency of capital utilization and reduce the crowding out effect. The government’s subsidy policy should be further standardized and refined.

A framework for assessing municipal high-growth high-technology entrepreneurship policy

This paper advances a framework for making rudimentary need, impact, and cost–benefit assessments of municipal high-growth high-tech entrepreneurship policy. The framework views ecosystem support organizations like accelerators , incubators, and hubs as components in a city’s venture pipeline. A component’s pipeline size, raise rate, and cost per raise measure its performance. In total, the framework consists of eight objective and reproducible measures based on quantities and qualities of venture capital investment and 16 definitions of related terms-of-the-art. These measures and definitions are illustrated in 26 real-world policy examples, which assess initiatives in Houston and St. Louis over the last 20 years. The examples reveal an enormous variation in welfare effects, and some policies appear welfare destroying. Many non-profit organizations claim success (and win awards and acclaim) using non-standard measures despite performing at less than half benchmark levels. Policy cartels , which control startup policy in many U.S. cities, also engage in non-market actions to protect their rents. • Inductive approach to find ‘best’ standardized framework for city startup policy. • Venture pipelines have sizes, raise rates, and costs per raise. • Economics of startup initiatives rooted in information problems and scarce expertise. • Policy cartels control startup policy and engage in non-market actions. • Enormous variation in policy effects and some startup policies may destroy welfare.

Exploring Fintech Organizational Culture: Are they unique?

The purpose of this study is to discover the nature of organisational culture in startup enterprises involved in finance technology. The study will be useful since it may be used as an example or description of organisational culture in Indonesia. Academically, there is a startup organisational culture model that complements the current organisational culture paradigm. Organizational culture is the primary theory presented in this research. The research method used in this study is qualitative, and the respondents are four principals of financial technology start-up companies in Indonesia. We use the Analytical Hierirchal Process to analyse data (AHP).

Exploring Fintech Organizational Culture: Are they unique?

The purpose of this study is to discover the nature of organisational culture in startup enterprises involved in finance technology. The study will be useful since it may be used as an example or description of organisational culture in Indonesia. Academically, there is a startup organisational culture model that complements the current organisational culture paradigm. Organizational culture is the primary theory presented in this research. The research method used in this study is qualitative, and the respondents are four principals of financial technology start-up companies in Indonesia. We use the Analytical Hierirchal Process to analyse data (AHP).

Determinants of Household Poverty in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of household poverty in Ethiopia. The study used the national survey data collected by the World Bank during the second phase in 2014. The study employed a binary logistic regression model to identify the determinants of household poverty. Results show that educational level of the household head, family size, dependency ratio, residence of the household, the region in which the household resides, ownership of non-farm enterprises (construction), economic status of the household (high), source of start-up enterprises (credit and saving institutions), and lack of supporting institutions were the factors affecting the probability that a household is poor.

The impact of demonetization on microfinance institutions

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) must balance financial and social goals. When these coopetitive goals are under threat, which goals do MFIs prefer? Based on the theory of myopic loss aversion, our study aims to assess the immediate effect of the 2016 demonetization in India on MFIs and their loan portfolio performance and on unintended social outcomes. Using the 2016 demonetization in India as a quasi-experiment, we find that MFIs had a lower 30-day and 90-day portfolio at risk (PAR) and implemented better client protection terms. In addition, demonetization had a small but positive effect on developing start-up enterprises and serving more clients below the poverty line. Last, we find that MFIs investing in female client education presented a lower PAR after demonetization. Overall, our study sheds light on the unintended consequences on MFIs as a result of the demonetization event, and it provides policy implications for MFIs.

Sustainable Leadership in Microfinance: A Pathway for Sustainable Initiatives in Micro and Small Businesses?

Microfinance is used to enhance micro and small enterprise start-up and growth in developing countries. Although there is some discussion of how microfinance institutional activities lead to their own sustainability in the extant literature, the same cannot be said of the ways in which microfinance institutions shape the sustainability agendas of micro and small enterprises (MSEs). In this paper, we conceptualise and explain the way that joint liability lending in microfinance shapes the sustainability of micro and small enterprises owned by borrowers. Using sustainable leadership as a theoretical foundation, we conceptualise the strategic, operational, and community-level leadership functions associated with joint liability and construct a framework. Based on the conceptual framework, we also develop propositions and explain them using an illustrative case study. Our conceptual work reveals that leadership tasks at strategic, operational, and community levels influence MSEs’ sustainability. Our conceptual framework, propositions, and illustrative case evidence contribute to theory and practice by highlighting that joint liability mechanisms are a possible pathway for MFIs to facilitate sustainable initiatives in micro and small enterprises.

Future Proofing Entrepreneurship in the Arab World

This conceptual article proposes a cooperative entrepreneurship framework with a producer cooperative enterprise start-up model to contribute to addressing the complex consequences of the social, political and economic challenges affecting the Arab world. The article argues that the adoption of a producer cooperative enterprise start-up model will contribute to future proofing entrepreneurship in the Arab world, and avoid a return to a preference for public sector employment that will stifle the sustainable social and economic development of the region. As such, the article contributes to bridging the gap in the literature on entrepreneurship start up support initiatives and models in the Arab world, and offers relevant considerations for cooperative entrepreneurship for social and economic development throughout the Global South.

Determinant factors in entrepreneurial intention among Social Work degree students: the moderating effect of entrepreneurship education

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the factors that determine the entrepreneurial intention (EI) among Social Work degree students. This study considers the direct influence of personal traits, demographic characteristics, informal education and entrepreneurship education (EE) and, in addition, the possible moderating effect of EE on the other factors.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 139 undergraduate students registered in the Social Work degree offered by the University of Zaragoza (Spain) is analyzed, by using a longitudinal system based on questionnaires that were passed at two different times – before and after receiving the EE. Logistic regression models are built and estimated according to the explicative variables.FindingsThe results indicate that demographic factors, personality traits, professional experience and EE are significant factors in fostering social entrepreneurship among Social Work students. Additionally, EE has a moderating effect on the other variables, but only partially and not always positive.Practical implicationsThe entrepreneurial initiative of social workers can make a very valuable contribution through the start-up of social enterprises. The findings suggest the convenience of promoting EE in the Social Work degree, with teaching contents and methodologies adapted to social entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the interaction of educational methodologies with the other determinants does not always have a positive impact on EI.Originality/valueThis paper investigates EI in the context of undergraduate Social Work students, and this is a novel methodological approach. In addition to the analysis of the direct influence of the determinants of EI, we add the possible moderating effect of EE on the influence of the other explanatory variables.

Perceived Challenges of Start Up of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Among Business Education Graduates in Federal Colleges of Education in North-East, Nigeria

The aim of the study was to determine the Perceived Challenges of Start-up of Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) among Business Education graduates in Federal Colleges of Education in North-East Nigeria. The study was guided by the following research questions: To what extent does Startup capital constitute a challenge in setting up of Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) among business education students in Federal Colleges of Education in North-east, Nigeria? To what extent does Inadequate Entrepreneurial Skills constitute a challenge in startup of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) among Business Education graduates in Federal Colleges of Education in North-east Nigeria? The design of the study was descriptive survey. The area of the study was North-east, Nigeria; population of the study comprises 639 final year Business Education graduates of Federal Colleges of Education who are trained in Entrepreneurship Education as a course, stratified proportionate random sampling technique was used. The instrument for data collection in the study was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was validated by two experts from the Department of Vocational and Technology Education, Faculty of Technology Education, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. Reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained which indicates that the instrument was highly reliable. The researchers used a research assistant for administering of the questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 23. The result of the study revealed that graduates of Federal colleges of education were faced with the challenges of start-up capital in setting up of Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs), also the study revealed that there are inadequate Entrepreneurial skills training in setting up of SMEs among Business Education graduates. Based on the findings it was recommended that Government should increase support given to federal colleges of education in order to boost training of entrepreneurial skills and to provide financial support to students of Business Education to start-up SMEs after graduation.

The Employee Relationship Analysis on Innovation Behavior of New Ventures Under the Organizational Psychology and Culture.

The study aims to explore the psychology and behavior of employees in organizations in enterprise innovation. Based on the human resource management system (HRMS), organizational psychological ownership, and other related theories, the transformational leaders and their advice behavior in start-ups are taken as the research object. The data obtained from the questionnaire as the research samples. Second, the influence and intermediary effect of employees’ organizational psychological ownership on colleagues, leaders, and the whole enterprise are discussed, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn. The results show that the path coefficients of transformational leaders of start-up enterprises for employees’ advice to their superiors and their peers are 0.28 and 0.31, respectively, and p < 0.01. Therefore, transformational leadership has a positive impact on both elements. In the relationship between organizational psychological ownership and employee creativity, the r value is 0.34 and p < 0.01. This shows that organizational psychological ownership positively correlates with employees’ creativity. In addition, corporate support can mediate employees’ behavior and psychological ownership in the organization and has a positive correlation in support, identity, and care. Therefore, the impact of organization-employees relations on employees’ innovation behavior is discussed based on organizational psychology and culture, which can improve employees’ subjective initiative for work and provides ideas for the management and development of start-ups.

Research on Value-Added Effect of Venture Capital on Enterprises Based on Data Mining Technology

Based on data mining technology, this paper introduces venture capital, which is an external strategic investor factor, and takes the maximization of enterprise value as the goal, and discusses the characteristics of the optimal ownership structure, the optimal shareholding ratio and the ways to optimize the ownership structure under the participation of venture capital, so as to accurately increase the value of enterprises and grasp the role of venture capital in the development of start-up enterprises. Venture capital enterprises will have rich contents, which are mainly reflected in financial returns. That is to say, if enterprises withdraw from investment after venture capital, they will have direct benefits. In the current environment of relatively scarce technical resources, enterprises should change the situation of passively accepting venture capital to provide financial capital, and actively seek venture capital which can satisfy the complementary resources and easily reach mutual trust, so as to achieve win-win cooperation.

Student entrepreneurship ecosystems at Australian higher education institutions

PurposeDespite the significance, university student start-ups and student entrepreneurship ecosystems (SEEs) have been subject to little research. This study aims to apply a qualitative emergent enquiry approach to explore best practice SEEs in Australia, complimented by narratives from leading scholars in higher education institutions with the aim of delineating the integrative components of SEEs.Design/methodology/approachAdopting the entrepreneurial ecosystem framework and aligned to the social cognitive theory, this paper explores the components and dynamics of SEEs, contributing to an understanding of how such components can better support the growth, sustainability and success of student start-ups. The authors extend entrepreneurship research on social construction using narrative research.FindingsThe findings provide guidelines for researchers, entrepreneurship scholars and educators, entrepreneurship students, policymakers and practitioners to enhance the impact and success of university student start-ups by adopting a student ecosystem approach.Research limitations/implicationsThe narratives represent a limited number of universities with an opportunity for further research to empirically measure the impact and outcomes of SEEs. The research is exploratory, inherently conceptual and emergent, providing an opportunity for validation of narrative frameworks in future studies.Practical implicationsThe findings may assist university managers to be more aware of their own subconscious preferences to student entrepreneurship and start-up initiatives, which may be useful in refining their impact and offerings regarding a quest toward the entrepreneurial university.Social implicationsFrom social perspectives, the alignment of the components of SEE has the ability to enhance and shift the entrepreneurial mindset of entrepreneurship students, notwithstanding enhancement of intentionality and self-efficacy.Originality/valueThis is the first study of SEEs in Australia, highlighting the importance of the integration of entrepreneurship education programs, entrepreneurship education ecosystems, the entrepreneurial university and specific start-up initiatives such as university accelerators. Furthermore, students may enhance their entrepreneurial mindset by actively engaging in such ecosystems.

Difficulties and Challenges of Strategic Management of Start-up Enterprises in the New Era

Strategic management is a shortto long-term development plan concerning the goals of an enterprise. Formulating appropriate strategic management is of great and far-reaching significance for the current development and sustainable development of the enterprise There is no doubt that the formulation of strategic management is very important. In the new era, under the condition of rapid economic development, the way enterprises formulate strategies and the development of strategic formulation have very important research value. This paper thus examines the characteristics of strategic management and the process of strategic management, the current situation of the development of entrepreneurial enterprises in the new era, and then uses quantitative analysis to analyse the impact of the Midea group on the strategic management of enterprises, puts forward several issues and decisive factors that should be considered for strategic management, and puts forward important implications for the strategic management of entrepreneurial enterprises.

Implementation of Real-Time Logistics with Transfer Learning at a Small Start-Up Enterprise in the Construction Sector

Implementation of Real-Time Logistics with Transfer Learning at a Small Start-Up Enterprise in the Construction Sector

Optimizing access to external finance by small and medium-sized enterprise start-ups: Towards the development of a conceptual framework

This study aims to experimentally analyse how start-up awareness, management skills, and financial providers’ requirements relate to the key drivers of business success. A framework has been developed to increase start-ups’ capacity to obtain external financing (Bamata, 2019). Data were collected by a simple random sample from a survey of 253 SMEs in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Data analyses from the questionnaire using the statistical program SmartPLS were carried out utilizing descriptive and inferential analyses and structural equation modelling. It was shown that start-up awareness and management skills positively affect SMEs’ access to government, corporate, and personal/social sources of financing. Seven hypothetical connections were evaluated, and the results were obtained. The suggested framework maps the entrepreneurial awareness and management abilities of a start-up entrepreneur with funding provider needs and gives an idea of the type and optimum funding choices to be applied for the company (Bamata, Govender, &amp; Fields, 2019). By utilising this framework, SME owner-managers would become aware of their financing needs and be ready to choose the most suitable source of external finance.

Influencing Factors of University Relocation on College Students' Intention to Engage in Local Entrepreneurship and Employment.

In modern society, the power of college students has been able to provide creative growth for the local economy, so the work situation of college students is closely related to the social dynamics. Colleges and universities are important places for talent cultivation and output. They are closely related to the cultivation of college students and the choice of employment and entrepreneurship of college students. Entrepreneurship and employment are interdependent. It is not enough to rely only on entrepreneurs to make enterprises stronger. In order to increase the creativity and environmental adaptability of enterprises, there need to be sufficient and excellent employees who are willing to work in the regions where enterprises are located. Therefore, enterprises need college students with innovation and creativity in their regions. In this study, graduates from a university in Zhejiang Province were selected as the subjects. Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, literature analysis and interview method were combined to systematically construct a research model affecting college Students’ choice of entrepreneurship and employment. The questionnaire survey method and structural equation model (PLS-SEM) were used to test the hypothesis. A total of 798 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that local attraction and family factors are the two most important factors affecting the entrepreneurship and employment of college students. Family factors have a significant positive impact on the attitude toward entrepreneurship and employment, subjective norms and intention to entrepreneurship and employment; local attraction also has a significant positive impact on the subjective norms, intention to entrepreneurship and employment, and attitude toward entrepreneurship and employment. The results of this study provide a reference for the decision-making of improving local attractiveness and promoting college Students’ employment in start-up enterprises under the background of higher education popularization.

The Impact of Foreign Venture Capital Intervention on Venture Capital Innovation of Startup Entrepreneurs Using Propensity Score Matching Model.

The research expects to give full play to the role of venture capital in corporate innovation and enhance the development capability of enterprises. Based on Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model, the characteristics of venture capital and startup enterprises are analyzed, and the innovation of venture capital is discussed. Next, the PSM model is used to analyze the innovation of venture capital intervention in enterprises from risk probability intervention, probability evaluation, matching equilibrium validity test, matching results analysis, different venture capital, and different background risks. The results show that the difference of standardized mean is close to 0, which accords with the equilibrium test. The significant impact of venture capital intervention on the Number of Invention Patent Applications (NIPA) and Number of Utility Model Patent Applications (NUMPA) is 0.1 and 0.01, respectively. Venture capital intervention has a significantly positive impact on NIPA and NUMPA but has no significant positive impact on Number of Design Patent Applications (NDPA). The impact of joint venture capital intervention on the NIPA, NUMPA, and NDPA is 0.0874, 0.0635, and 0.1213, respectively. Hence, the intervention of joint venture capital can greatly promote the increase of Number of Patent Applications (NPA), especially, NIPA, and NUMPA. Compared with private venture capital, joint venture capital plays a greater role in promoting the growth of NPA and NIPA. Compared with private venture capital and foreign venture capital, national venture capital has a stronger innovation orientation and a longer investment cycle, which can greatly improve innovation performance, such as NIPA, while private venture capital and foreign venture capital have a less significant impact on enterprise innovation performance. The results demonstrate that the foreign capital sharing assessment based on the PSM model can be a good predictor of the performance of startups. It is hoped that the research results can provide a reference for the development of startups.

The Internal Connection Analysis of Information Sharing and Investment Performance in the Venture Capital Network Community.

In order to explore the internal connection between information sharing and investment performance in the venture capital network community, this study took environmental-governance start-ups as the research object and used the 2009–2020 environmental-social enterprise start-up venture capital investment events as a data sample. The successful exit rate of the venture capital portfolio and the successful listing rate of investment ventures were used as the measurement criteria. Combined with regression analysis, the relationship between information sharing and investment performance in the venture capital network community was analyzed in detail. Research shows that there are differences between the ways of information sharing in the venture capital network communities. In the regression results, all coefficients are less than 0.01. There is a positive correlation between information sharing and investment performance in the venture capital network community. With the increase in enterprise characteristic variables, the degree of enterprise risk information sharing is getting higher and higher. This ultimately leads to more and more frequent corporate investment performance and a higher possibility of acquisition. Among them, the degree of information sharing in the venture capital network community is relatively high, and venture capital companies that are supported by corporate venture capital institutions will benefit even more from listed capital. Not only was the analysis of the relationship between finance and investment in the venture capital network community pointed out in this research, but also the investment development of entrepreneurial enterprises was also provided with feasible suggestions.