Start-up Research Articles

The Effect of Work Ability on Employee Creativity in the Digital Era in Mediating Work Motivation and Job Opportunities in Company Employees START UP Sleman, Yogyakarta

This study examines the effect of employee work ability on work creativity in the digital era mediated by work motivation and job opportunities. This research was conducted on Star Up companies spread across Sleman district, Yogyakarta. This study used quantitative methods using sampling methods that were the same as the population in this study. The sample that met the criteria amounted to 105 respondents. Test the hypothesis of this study using Smart PLS version 3.2.9. The results obtained that Employee work ability has a positive and significant effect on work motivation, Employee work ability has a positive and significant effect on job opportunities, Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Creativity in the digital era, Job opportunities have a positive and significant effect on work motivation For Employee Creativity in the digital era, there is a mediating role in the relationship between Employee Work Ability and Employee Creativity in the digital era in Job Motivation mediation, and there is a mediating role in the relationship between Employee Work Ability and Employee Creativity in the digital era in Job Opportunity mediation.

A Structural Model for Transient Pt Oxidation during Fuel Cell Start-up Using Electrochemical X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Potential spikes during the start-up (SU) and shutdown (SD) of fuel cells are a major cause of platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst degradation, which limits the lifetime of the device. The electrochemical oxidation of Pt that occurs on the cathode during the potential spikes plays a key role in this degradation process. However, the composition of the oxide species formed, as well as their role in catalyst dissolution remains unclear. In this study, we employ a special arrangement of XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), in which the Pt electrocatalyst is covered by graphene, making the in situ examination of the Pt oxidation/reduction under wet conditions possible. We use this assembly to investigate oxidation state changes of Pt within fuel cell relevant potential window. We show that above 1.1 VRHE, a mixed Ptδ+/Pt2+/Pt4+ surface oxide is formed, with an average oxidation state that gradually increases as the potential is increased. By comparing a model based on the XPS data to the oxidation charge measured during potential spikes, we show that our description of Pt oxidation is also valid during the transient conditions of fuel cell SU/SD. This is due to the rapid Pt oxidation kinetics during the pulses. As a result of the irreversibility of Pt oxidation, some remnants of oxidized Pt remain at typical fuel cell operating potentials after a pulse. Figure 1

(Digital Presentation) Transferability of a Modeled Cathode Accelerated Stress Test for Carbon Corrosion between the Membrane Electrode Assembly and the Rotating Disk Electrode

The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) represents an indispensable technology to ensure the emission-free and sustainable mobility of tomorrow. The commercial viability of PEMFCs scales not only with the performance but also with the longevity of its components, especially the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA).One of the key degradation mechanisms of the MEA constitutes Starting-Up (SU) from an inactive (air/air situation) state as well as Shutting-Down (SD) from an active (H2/air situation) state. The onset of oxygen reduction along the H2/air gas front in the anode compartment of the fuel cell leads to a local potential rise at the cathode, which, among other things, promotes the parasitic Carbon Oxidation Reaction (COR) of the cathode catalyst support material. The COR can lead to a separation of the supported catalyst particles from the rest of the electrical network, thus, to a reduction of the Effective Catalyst Surface Area (ECSA), but also to an increasing mechanical instability up to the collapse of the catalyst layer. [1]In previous works, various approaches have been taken to translate real-world damage mechanisms into component-based and accelerated stress tests [2]. To investigate the degenerative effects of SUSD events on MEA corrosion stability, this work first demonstrates the transferability of degradation through a real gas exchange between air and hydrogen at the anode and a simplified but equivalent potential program (Figure 1) under inert conditions using an external power supply on an in-situ complete cell configuration over a common number of cycles. Subsequently, this potential program is repeated ex-situ using a thin-film coated Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) in a three-electrode setup and an aqueous electrolyte at the same temperature as for the in-situ complete cell execution.The integration level comparison is intended to prove that the RDE is an important characterization strategy for degradation analysis, particularly due to its comparatively low complexity and timely and financial efficiency and may be fundamentally advanced over the expensive and time-consuming complete cell measurement.For this purpose, electrochemical measurement methods, such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) using the transmission line model for a porous electrode, oxygen diffusion resistance and polarization characteristics at different operating parameters were conducted. In addition, morphological studies were evaluated with respect to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). It is shown that the electrochemical degradation according to the mentioned characterization methods can be transferred in very good approximation from the real gas exchange to the potential protocol on the in-situ complete cell and subsequently to the RDE half cell.

Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship: Lesson Learnt from Pandemic Crisis

Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship: Lesson Learnt from Pandemic Crisis

Personal Entrepreneurial Skills of Public School Teachers

In the Philippines, teachers tend to find other sources of income due to some financial circumstances. With this, some teachers were entrepreneurs (termed as teacherpreneur) during break time and after office hours. This paper determined the profile of the teacher-entrepreneurs and identified the Personal Entrepreneurial Capabilities (PEC) of the aspiring Teacher-Entrepreneurs. Further, this paper assessed the Personal Entrepreneurial Capabilities of the teacher-entrepreneurs as startup for business and evaluated the Personal Entrepreneurial Capabilities of the Respondents before and after the training. A total of 89 teacher entrepreneurs (31 females and 58 males) were surveyed using a questionnaire with likert-scale responses. The researcher pointed out the following significant conclusions: first, majority of the respondents were young which fall on the age bracket of 20 - 29, male, single, permanent in employment status, less than 5 years in service, low monthly net income and they don’t have business background. It implies that even though respondents were young, they are already secured in their employment status. Second, the highest personal entrepreneurial capabilities were commitment to work contract, information seeking, opportunity seeking, and systematic planning/ monitoring. The lowest capabilities were risk taking and demand for quality/ efficiency. It implies that respondents were more on information seeking because of their profession while less risk takers since they don’t want to lose what they currently have. Third, self-analysis output implies that respondents were capable of being an entrepreneur. Last, the personal entrepreneurial capabilities that need improvement are risk taking, demand for quality/efficiency and self-confidence.

스마트팜 청년 창업농의 교육 요구 분석 - 교육과정 우선순위 도출을 중심으로 -

본 연구는 우리농업의 인력구조가 약체화되는 가운데 스마트팜의 확산으로 젊은 농업인의 유입을 기대하는 한편 스마트팜 청년 창업농의 교육 요구를 분석하여 교육과정 수립에 대한 의사결정을 지원하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 창농 역량 강화를 위한 교육 요구도 조사를 실시하였으며 2020년 스마트팜 청년창업보육센터 교육생을 대상으로 하였다. t-검정, Borich의 요구도, Locus for Focus 모델을 통해 159개 샘플을 분석하였다.<BR> 분석결과, 첫째, 재배관리 역량군에 해당하는 환경제어(13.08), 병해충관리(12.50), 토양 · 비배관리(11.33), 파종 · 육묘관리(11.27)가 우선순위로 나타났다. 둘째, 취농유형별로 보면, 비농가출신은 재배관리 역량군만 우선순위로 도출된 것과 달리, 농가출신에 있어서는 재무관리 역량군도 우선순위로 포함되었다. 셋째, 직업발달단계별로는 확립기와 탐색기단계 모두 재배관리 영역군이 우선순위로 공통하지만, 탐색기단계에서는 작업관리 역량군의 세부역량도 포함하는 것으로 나타나 차이를 보였다.<BR> 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 청년창업 보육센터와 지역의 특성에 맞는 스마트팜 청년창업 교육 커리큘럼을 보완하여야 한다. 청년 창업농의 역량 요구에 맞는 체계적인 커리큘럼과 더불어 취농유형별, 직업발달단계별 교육 프로그램 마련이 필요하다.

UK protein-from-CO₂ start-up raises $10 million

UK protein-from-CO₂ start-up raises $10 million

Northvolt acquires US battery start-up Cuberg

Northvolt acquires US battery start-up Cuberg

Northvolt acquires US battery start-up Cuberg

Northvolt acquires US battery start-up Cuberg

AbbVie gets rights to acquire Parkinson’s disease start-up Mitokinin

AbbVie gets rights to acquire Parkinson’s disease start-up Mitokinin

Fusion startup plans reactor with small but powerful superconducting magnets

Fusion startup plans reactor with small but powerful superconducting magnets

A Study on the Moderating Effect of Open Innovation Activities in Early Start-up Companies

A Study on the Moderating Effect of Open Innovation Activities in Early Start-up Companies

A Study on the Importance and Priorities of the Investment Determinants of Startup Accelerators

A Study on the Importance and Priorities of the Investment Determinants of Startup Accelerators

Analytical solution of startup critical hydraulic gradient of fine particles migration in sandy soil

Analytical solution of startup critical hydraulic gradient of fine particles migration in sandy soil

Ex Machina: Technological Disruption and the Future of Artificial Intelligence in Legal Writing

Technology is disrupting the practice of law and revolutionizing how lawyers work. This revolution is made more powerful because it is increasingly coupled with a rigorous and scientific approach to the law. In some ways, law is looking more like a Silicon Valley startup and less like the oak-paneled law firms of the last 200 years. As law, technology, and science merge, the implications for the profession are wide-sweeping. This article explores persuasive legal writing, offering new thoughts on what the future will hold. Specifically, this article pilots a method for applying technology and science to measure, analyze and improve persuasive legal writing, offering it as a proof of concept that anchors the article’s broader, and perhaps more controversial assertion. Namely, more powerful and refined persuasive legal writing software tools, fueled by artificial intelligence, should and will disrupt and reshape significant portions of the legal space, including how legal writing is taught and how it is produced. The effect will be to view legal writing as more science, and less art. The next set of luminaries won’t rely on anecdote or intuition to teach or create legal writing; they will rely on software and data.

Influence of Small Retailers’ Start-Up Preparations on Business Performance: Start-Up Motivation

Influence of Small Retailers’ Start-Up Preparations on Business Performance: Start-Up Motivation

PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL COMO FATOR PARA A TOMADA DE DECISÃO NOS RELACIONAMENTOS DE GRANDES EMPRESAS COM STARTUPS

Atualmente as grandes empresas estão cada vez mais próximas das startups. Para reduzir o risco do relacionamento e aumentar a segurança jurídica, entende-se que a propriedade intelectual necessita ser incorporada à tomada de decisão da empresa. Desta forma, buscou-se analisar junto às empresas de grande porte brasileiras associadas à ANPEI (Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento das Empresas Inovadoras) se a propriedade intelectual é um fator relevante em suas estratégias de relacionamento com startups. Para tanto, uma pesquisa exploratória mista (quantitativa e qualitativa) intencional foi realizada utilizando um questionário enviado para 100% das empresas qualificadas (73) como respondentes pela associação supracitada. Com uma taxa de 26% de resposta (19), obteve-se uma amostra satisfatória neste tipo de abordagem. Os resultados mostraram que as empresas brasileiras entrevistadas consideram “Tecnologia e Inovação”, “Alinhamento entre a empresa e startup” e “Qualidade e capacidade da equipe” como os fatores mais relevantes para a tomada de decisão para firmar um relacionamento. A propriedade intelectual é caracterizada como relevante nas decisões estratégicas para um relacionamento com startup, pois é citada por 58% das empresas respondentes.

A Study on the Application of Success Factors According to the Growth Stage of Convenience Store Startup

A Study on the Application of Success Factors According to the Growth Stage of Convenience Store Startup

Entrepreneurial Emotions on Start-Up Process Behavior among University Students

Entrepreneurial emotions are able to motivate students in the process of starting a business or undertaking entrepreneurial activities. Different emotions are involved in the entrepreneurship process that affect their engagement in start-up. Hence, this study aims to determine the positive and negative effects of entrepreneurial emotions towards start-up process behavior among university students. A total of 472 final year students in Malaysian public universities were involved in the study. To analyze the data obtained, the researcher performed confirmation factor analyses and structural equation modeling using AMOS software. The results showed that both positive and negative entrepreneurial emotions had a significant effect on business start-up process behavior among the students. Positive emotions motivated these students to engage in entrepreneurial activities towards business start-up process, while negative emotions were found to give the opposite result. Therefore, the findings are useful for entrepreneurship lecturers to ensure more interactive teaching techniques to attract students to become job creators.

Startup and Shutdown Study Applied in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System Operation

Automotive polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FC) have been increasingly under development, due to their ability to provide extended vehicle driving ranges at zero emission. However, PEM fuel cells still face several challenges, such as durability and cost. The lifetime of the PEM fuel cell stacks is determined by the durability of materials under fuel cell operation, in which catalyst, membrane and ionomer are exposed to strongly acidic and oxidizing conditions at elevated temperatures. In addition, the stack lifetime is affected by various operational modes and hydration conditions experienced through drive cycles, idling conditions and startup (SU) / shutdown (SD) cycles.1 System operation strategy can mitigate the stress to the materials and improve the lifetime of fuel cell stacks.This study investigated several SUSD cycles with a PtCo based membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in single cell testing. The schematics of SUSD cycles are shown in Figure 1. In general, a SUSD cycle includes four parts: FC operation, shutdown, soak, and startup. Figure 1(a) is an air-SUSD cycle, which represents a long term shutdown of the vehicle, when air penetrates into the anode. During startup, when hydrogen (H2) is supplied to the anode, there will be an air-hydrogen front at the anode, which causes substantial carbon corrosion and platinum (Pt) dissolution to occur on the cathode. Thus, in accelerated air-SUSD cycles, during the shutdown, air is introduced to the anode and the cell voltage drops to zero within a second. Then, the cell is allowed to soak under air/air for anode/cathode for 60 seconds. After the soak process, during SU, air supply to the anode is stopped and hydrogen is supplied to the anode. In order to improve the SUSD durability of PEM fuel cells in FC vehicles, hydrogen protection (H2-SUSD) has been proposed.2 Figure 2(b) presents a H2-SUSD cycle. In the soak portion of the cycle, the O2 in the cathode is consumed by the H2 permeated from the anode, when the cell voltage drops to zero slowly. At higher temperature, the voltage drop is faster. The H2-SUSD process reduces the development of loop currents within a cell that are associated with high half-cell potential reactions. Because high half-cell potentials are mostly avoided, the H2-SUSD suppresses severe carbon corrosion and Pt dissolution that are observed in air-SUSD cycles. However, we still observe carbon corrosion happening in H2-SUSD process, which is confirmed with catalyst layer failure analysis results. In order to prevent this carbon corrosion, in H2-SUSD, after shutdown, a small load is drawn to consume O2 at the cathode quickly and improve the H2 protection effect as shown in Figure 1(c). These SUSD processes are studied at different temperatures as well. For diagnostics, the voltage degradation at 0.02 A/cm2 and 1.2 A/cm2 and ECSA losses are recorded either at 100 cycle intervals for air-SUSD and 500 cycle intervals for H2-SUSD. Our results show that H2-SUSD with a load preserves the cell performance greatly. The MEA degradation results in these SUSD cycles provide a reference for the FC system team to develop automotive SUSD operation strategy, for example, to determine the minimum H2-protection time for the FC system operation. Y. C. Park, K. Kakinuma, M. Uchida, D. A. Tryk, T. Kamino, H. Uchida, and M. Watanabe, Electrochimica Acta, 91, 195 (2013).Y. Yamashita, S. Itami, J. Takano, K. Kakinuma, H. Uchida, M. Watanabe, A. Iiyama, and M. Uchida, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164 (4), F181 (2017). Figure 1