Start Of Internal Combustion Engine Research Articles

The emergency start-up system for the internal combustion engine of vehicles operated, including in the Far North

The analysis of organizations operating in extreme natural and climatic conditions of the Far North will help to determine the areas of activity relevant for the application of an innovative system for emergency start of internal combustion engines. Prospects for development in the military industry. The parameters that determine the performance of the hydraulic starter are considered. Keywords: hydraulic starter, hydraulics, pneumohydroaccumulator, hydraulic accumulator, extreme natural and climatic conditions, specialized equipment, emergency start system

Cold start analysis of an engine coolant-MWCNT nanofluid: Synthesis and viscosity behavior under shear stress

During cold start of internal combustion engines, coolant temperature, and thermal conductivity are key parameters in the heat transfer processes that ultimately affect pollutant emissions and engine performance. Hereupon the use of coolants with suspended nanoparticles, to enhance thermal conductivity, emerged as a promising technology. However, for Newtonian materials, viscosity also increases with nanoparticle concentration. To overcome increased pumping power, the use of non-Newtonian nanofluids makes such application potentially feasible, specifically for shear-thinning materials, in which a higher shear rate leads to reducing shear viscosity due to higher shear stress. Accordingly, a nanofluid, suitable for engine cooling (0.2 wt.% MWCNT-engine coolant/distilled water 30/70 v/v%), was here fabricated and mapped. Shear rate and temperature were varied, with focus on cold start investigation. Shear thinning and shear thickening regions were mapped according to the shear rate levels, for each temperature considered. The nanofluid behaved as shear-thinning material for the entire range of temperatures (−10°C–25°C). Above shear rates of 500 s−1 and flow curves with temperatures below −5°C, a prominent shear thickening behavior was observed. Additionally, the relative apparent viscosity data were compared with four classical models. Regarding the curve fitting parameters of a modified Herschel-Bulkley equation, above 0°C, the apparent yield stress, [Formula: see text], was invariant with temperature. Besides, for the temperature range from 0°C to 20°C, the flow index remained approximately constant. For temperatures above −5°C, infinite-shear-rate viscosity and consistency index presented a linear decrease and a third-degree polynomial-like behavior, respectively.

Developing the model of normal operation of starter motor traction relays

Malfunction of motor starter traction relays cause the impossibility of the reliable start of internal combustion engines which, if the worst comes to the worst, can create the risk of traffic accident occurrence. Electric resistances of traction relay coils are structural and diagnostic parameters at the same time. Emergence and development of failures causes the change of magnetomotive force generated by the traction relay coils. Critical values of electric resistances correspond to failures of traction relay coils, i.e., inability to perform the built-in functions. The developed mathematical model of traction relay normal operation includes the amount of effort generated and voltage loss on contacts as controlled values for the drive mechanism and the starter electric motor, respectively. The results obtained contribute to the development of the method of motor-and-tractor starter diagnostics without removing it from the engine.

Towards the new energy storage system for conventional cars

Lead-acid batteries are widely used in conventional cars. This electric energy storage system (ESS) has to be capable to store enough energy for cranking the conventional car after the weeks without additional charging. After the start of internal combustion engine (ICE) of conventional car synchronous machine usually called alternator start to generate electrical energy. Electric current supplied in this way should be rectified and stored in lead-acid battery for the next start-up. In this article a model of whole process was developed and simulated. Particularly, a supercapacitors were compared with lead-acid batteries and other battery types in sense of mass, reliability and other parameters. Results were confirmed by measurement on conventional car. Furthermore, possibility of replacement of lead-acid batteries with supercapacitors was analyzed.

Моделирование процесса пуска двигателя внутреннего сгорания электрическим стартером

We composed and described the set of models of technical devices and control systems which is necessary for evaluation of engineering tasks that require solution with upgrade of the existing systems of electric start of internal combustion engines (ICE) for: diesel multiple unit trains, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, vessels –with the power from 0.3 to 1 MW. Resulting recommendations are shaped for the purpose of replacement of the starter-generator with the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and reduction gear exclusion. The major difficulties are limited power flowing through the PMSM (which is overcome with combined ways of stator section power supply) and the torque of impedance of power forces of two first strokes of the ICE crankshaft turning

Research and Analysis of the CDV Internal-Combustion Engine Gas Distribution Phase in the Low Temperature Start Process

With the help of CDV internal-combustion engine start process test in the low temperature, it was investigated and analysed for the effects of the intake advance angle of gas distribution phase in the low temperature start and its exhaust-emission performance of internal-combustion engine. In the process of test ,the intake-advance angle change was from 1 °- 11 °and the valve overlap angle change was from 38 ° - 48 °. The internal-combustion engine was started according to the test number of the requirements. It was observed and calculated for starting conditions and exhaust emission with PC. The results show that the appropriate delay of intake valve open timing, and hence the change of valve timing overlap of the intake valve and exhaust valve, and the proper decrease of in-cylinder fresh intake gas, not only significantly improve the performance of internal combustion engine low temperature start combustion work, shortening start duration, but also help to reduce the quantities of HC and CO emissions during the low temperature start process.

Analysis of PCM Material in Thermal Energy Storage System

A phase-change material (PCM) is a substance with a high latent heat storage capacity which on melting and solidifying at a certain temperature, is capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy. Various PCM like Paraffin wax, sodium acetate tri-hydrate and phenolphthalein are considered which are used to absorb heat from the coolant water from the engine. The conduction and convection criterion of heat transfer enable the PCM to store this heat as latent heat. The amount of convection and temperature change brought about due to the heat flux has been simulated and studied in detail using GAMBIT and FLUENT . Increasing environmental pollution is an important problem observed during cold start of internal combustion engines. Cold start of internal combustion engines is characterized by various problems such as increase of fuel consumption resulting from heterogonous combustion, increasing concentration of toxic emissions, increase of lubricant viscosity and resistance to motion and thereby increase of load on the accumulator and starter resulting in increased vibration and noise. Developments of new devices that solve this problem are a necessity. Thermal energy storage system (TESS) is one such device. The TESS uses Phase Change Material's (PCM) latent heat storage capacity for pre-heating the internal combustion engine. The thermal energy storage device (TESD) works on the effect of absorption and rejection of heat during the solid-liquid phase change of heat storage material. The overall function of the TESS is dominated by the PCM. The PCM material should be selected considering the application and the working conditions. Depending on the applications, the PCMs should first be selected based on their melting temperature. Materials that melt below 288 K are used for storing coolness in air conditioning applications, while materials that melt above 363 K are used for absorption refrigeration. All other materials that melt between these two temperatures can be applied in solar heating and for heat load leveling applications. Gu et al (1) developed a heat recovery system using PCM to recover the rejected heat of air conditioning systems and produce low temperature hot water for washing and bathing. They concluded that the heat recovery system

Reducing cold-start emission from internal combustion engines by means of thermal energy storage system

Increasing environmental pollutions is an important problem appearing at cold start of internal combustion engines. Developments of new devices that solve this problem are an extremely urgent need especially for cold regions. In this study, a developed experimental sample of thermal energy storage system (TESS) for pre-heating of internal combustion engines has been designed and tested. The development thermal energy storage device (TESD) works on the effect of absorption and rejection of heat during the solid–liquid phase change of heat storage material (Na 2SO 4 · 10H 2O). The TESS has been applied to a gasoline engine at 2 °C temperature and 1 atm pressure. Charging and discharging time of the TESD are about 500 and 600 s, respectively and temperature of engine is increased 17.4 °C averagely with pre-heating. Maximum thermal efficiency of the TESS system is 57.5 % after 12 h waiting duration. CO and HC emissions decrease about 64% and 15%, respectively, with effect of pre-heating engine at cold start and warming-up period.

Actual Tests of Molecular Energy Storage with the Use of Continuous Data Logging Unit

The offered paper examines the features and results of practical use of molecular stores of energy for start of internal combustion engines of the special equipment, received in the Ryazan military automobile institute.