Stark Effect In Hydrogen Research Articles

The Stark effect in hydrogen and precision measurements of the Rydberg constant

The determination of the Rydberg is based on the measurement of the wavelengths of suitable fine structure components in the spectra of one-electron atoms. A source of possible systematic error is the Stark effect arising from electric fields present in the discharge tube. A detailed analysis is given of the stark effect on the Balmer- alpha line of the isotopes of hydrogen. The frequency shifts and intensity changes are displayed for values of the electric field from 0-300 V cm-1.

Stark effect caused by a rotating electric field

Stark effect in hydrogen by an rotating electric field is discussed; the strength of the field does not change, however, its direction rotates around a fixed axis by a constant angular velocity. Schrodinger wave equation for an hydrogen atom is solved under such assumption that the external electric field causes only first order Stark effect. Wave functions are obtained for the ground state of the atom and the first excited state of it. It is shown that Lymann alpha line separates into seven components by the perturbation of the rotating field, although it does into three ones by that of a static field. In the case where the angular velocity of the field rotation is infinitely large, the effect of the perturbation vanishes so that the line consists of only one component.

Stark Effect in Hydrogen

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Stark Effect in Hydrogen*

This paper gives a theoretical treatment of atomic hydrogen in an external electric field. The positions and half-widths of the energy levels which are near the peak of the effective potential barrier are found. The problem is solved by applying Wentzel–Kramers-Brillouin–type approximations to the Schrodinger equation separated in parabolic coordinates; the usual perturbation treatment does not apply to these high levels. Formulas for the levels and half-widths are found in terms of complete elliptic integrals.

Implications of parity nonconservation and time reversal noninvariance in electromagnetic interactions: Part II. Atomic energy levels

The implications of the parity nonconserving and time reversal noninvariant theory of electromagnetic interactions (which has been developed in a previous paper) with regard to the properties of atoms and their associated spectra, are investigated. In the first part of this paper, the modified Dirac equation for the hydrogen atom, in which the extra pseudovector part of the four potential ( B ν ) is included, is solved exactly. The solutions are found to depend on a new constant of the motion which replaces the conventional angular momentum operator. This new constant is made up in part of the conventional pseudovector angular momentum (particle) variable and in part of a vector function of the particle and field variables. The results are applied to a determination of new selection rules for magnetic and electric dipole transitions (which are forbidden in the conventional theory) and the calculation of the associated transition probabilities. The contribution of the pseudovector four potential to the measured value of the Lamb shift is calculated. It is found that, analogously to the linear Stark effect in hydrogen, there is a non-Zeeman type linear magnetic field effect in the first excited state of hydrogen. This effect is linear in the mixing parameter ξ. The value of ξ required to account for the present-day discrepancy between the calculated value of the Lamb shift and its measured value, would still insure compatibility with other experimental data. It is also found that the lifetimes of atomic states depend on ξ 2, thus having much less affect on the metastability of the 2S 1 2 state of hydrogen. The second part of this paper deals with the spectra of constituent magnetic ions of paramagnetic crystals. The relationship between the crystalline field interactions with the magnetic ions and time reversal invariance is emphasized. A sample perturbation calculation of the pseudoscalar interaction implied by this theory is then carried out for the case in which a magnetic ion is subjected to a crystalline field (whose symmetry group lacks an inversion center) and/or an externally applied uniform electric field.

The Stark Effect in Hydrogen as a Criterion of Luminosity in the Early A-Type Stars

The Stark Effect in Hydrogen as a Criterion of Luminosity in the Early A-Type Stars

Asymmetry observed in the stark components of H α

This paper is a report of observations on H a which show an asymmetry in the displacements as well as in the intensities of its Stark components. The early theoretical treatments of the Stark effect in hydrogen neglected the fine structure and gave symmetrical displacements of the components in moderate electric fields (about 40,000 v./cm.). So far as the writer is aware, no observations have been made which would lead one to deny this symmetry. Using the wave equations of Darwin and Dirac, Schlapp has reconsidered the hydrogen-like atom in an external electric field and under the influence of the forces which cause fine structure. In the case of H a numerical results were calculated for two limiting cases, (i) where the effect of the electric field is small compared with the fine structure (for fields less than 300 v./cm.), and (ii) where the fine structure is small compared with the Stark effect (fields above 10,000 v./cm.). The displacements were not calculated for the inter­mediate region, but the connections between the two sets of components are given.

The Semi-Centenary of Willard Gibbs' Phase Law (1876-1926)

Through the kindness of Dr. T. Takamine, I received some information about very accurate experimental determinations of the second order Stark effect in hydrogen, carried out by Professor M. Kiuti. Unfortunately this material came too late to be used in my article on the Stark effect (Phys. Rev., 28, p. 695, 1926), therefore, I should like to make these beautiful observations available to a larger public through the agency of Science.

Second Order Stark Effect in Hydrogen

Second Order Stark Effect in Hydrogen

Schroedinger's Quantum Theory and the Stark Effect

THE theory of atomic oscillations recently advanced by Schroedinger is of extraordinary importance since it throws a new light on the problems of atomic structure and, at the same time, offers a convenient practical method for calculating the Heisenberg-Born intensity matrices. It seemed desirable to apply it to as many special cases as possible. A complete theory of the Stark effect in hydrogen was, therefore, developed.

Observations on the Stark Effect in Hydrogen and Helium

Stark effect measurements for hydrogen and helium lines in fields 1 to 38 kv/cm.---The Lo Surdo method was improved by using a rotating cathode to minimize pitting. A three prism glass spectrograph, and a Hilger quartz spectrograph ${\mathrm{E}}_{1}$ were used. Enlargements of the spectrograms for $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and for six He lines are given. (1) Hydrogen Balmer lines. At fields below 3 kv/cm, the red side of each line is more diffuse than the violet side, in agreement with Kramers' theory of the connection between the Stark effect components and the fine structure components. For fields above 5 kv/cm ten $p$ components of $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ are symmetrically arranged, the ratios of $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}$ to field coming out \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(.230,.191,.153,.065,.026) A/kv/cm. Changes in the relative intensities of components of $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and of $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\delta}$ with increasing field are noted and the observed relative intensities of $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ are found to agree fairly well with Kramers' theoretical predictions. (2) Parhelium lines. Measurements at five field strengths are given for the groups near the D lines 4388, 4144, 4009, and near $\ensuremath{\lambda}3614$, including some new components. The number of lines in each group increases with the order. Combination series of the type $2P\ensuremath{-}mQ$, $2S\ensuremath{-}mQ (Q=S,P,B,E,F,\dots{};M=4,5,6,\dots{})$ are suggested which include these lines and also the components of Stark's "diffuse principal" series and which fit into the scheme proposed by Tschulanowsky. The variable behavior of lines near $\ensuremath{\lambda}4388$ in low fields is noted and observations are given for the $\ensuremath{\lambda}3927$ group. As a rule the Stark effect pattern is constant for the members of each series but varies with the series. Many components vanish with increasing field. (3) Orthohelium lines. Measurements are given for groups $\ensuremath{\lambda}3820$ and $\ensuremath{\lambda}3705$ and observations for $\ensuremath{\lambda}4026$.