Staple Food Production Research Articles

Engineered nanomaterials reduce metal(loid) accumulation and enhance staple food production for sustainable agriculture.

Metal(loid) contaminants in food pose a global health concern. This study offers a global analysis of the impact of nanomaterials (NMs) on crop responses to metal(loid) stresses. Our findings reveal that NMs have a positive effect on the biomass production of staple crops (22.8%), while showing inhibitory effects on metal(loid) accumulation in plants (-38.3%) and oxidative damage (-21.6%) under metal(loid) stress conditions. These effects are influenced by various factors such as NM dose, exposure duration, size and composition. Here we introduce a method using interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy values by integrating the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution and entropy weights to compare the effectiveness of different NM application patterns. These results offer practical insights for the application of NMs in similar multi-criteria decision-making scenarios, contributing to sustainable agriculture and global food safety.

Amelioration of drought stress in wheat by using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biogas slurry

<p>Drought stress has a significant impact on cereal-based staple food production, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. To ensure a sustainable and reliable food supply, it is essential to develop comprehensive production plans that incorporate various approaches to mitigate the effects of drought. In a study conducted using a randomized complete block design, we investigated the potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and biogas Slurry (BGs) either individually or in combination to alleviate drought stress at different stages of wheat growth. The two-year field research demonstrated that the application of Azosprillium lipoferum with biogas slurry resulted in improved water relations, chlorophyll content, grain quality, yield, and related characteristics in wheat plants compared to the stressed treatments. Particularly, the combined treatment of PGPR and BGs exhibited the most favorable outcomes. Notably, the combined treatment effectively mitigated drought stress by significantly increasing antioxidant levels (17% APX, 29% POD, 34% CAT, and 41% SOD) during the grain-filling stage (GFS) compared to the controls. The combined treatment resulted in a remarkable 40% improvement in the respective controls at the GFS stage. Overall, the combined use of PGPR and BGs was identified as an effective strategy to enhance the resilience of wheat plants to drought, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.</p>

Emerging Parameters Justifying a Revised Quality Concept for Cow Milk.

Milk has become a staple food product globally. Traditionally, milk quality assessment has been primarily focused on hygiene and composition to ensure its safety for consumption and processing. However, in recent years, the concept of milk quality has expanded to encompass a broader range of factors. Consumers now also consider animal welfare, environmental impact, and the presence of additional beneficial components in milk when assessing its quality. This shifting consumer demand has led to increased attention on the overall production and sourcing practices of milk. Reflecting on this trend, this review critically explores such novel quality parameters, offering insights into how such practices meet the modern consumer's holistic expectations. The multifaceted aspects of milk quality are examined, revealing the intertwined relationship between milk safety, compositional integrity, and the additional health benefits provided by milk's bioactive properties. By embracing sustainable farming practices, dairy farmers and processors are encouraged not only to fulfill but to anticipate consumer standards for premium milk quality. This comprehensive approach to milk quality underscores the necessity of adapting dairy production to address the evolving nutritional landscape and consumption patterns.

Evaluation of physicochemical properties of Rohu fish noodles

Functional noodles are considered nutritious and healthy staple food products. This study aimed to develop value-added rohu fish noodles (Labeo rohita) and evaluate their physicochemical properties. Six noodle samples were prepared following several formulations. After a 2-day drying process, the noodles were stored in air-resistant plastic bags. The formulated noodles were investigated based on their physical (water absorption capacity, cooking loss, and volume increase) and chemical (moisture, ash, protein, fat, and fiber) properties. Statistical analysis revealed that the inclusion of rohu fish mince significantly increased moisture and protein content (p<0.01), while carbohydrate, energy, water absorption capacity, cooking loss, and volume decreased significantly (p<0.01). Noodles with the highest fish mince content (30%) demonstrated a higher amount of moisture (13.07%), ash (6.7%), fat (1.87%), protein (30.08%), sodium (0.64 mg), and calcium (0.26 mg), accompanied by reduced carbohydrate (48.3%) and energy (330.31 kcal). This formulation also exhibited lower water absorption capacity, cooking loss, and volume. Notably, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in ash, fiber, fat, and mineral content among the various fish noodle samples. This study concludes that the incorporation of rohu fish mince can enhance the nutritional properties of traditional noodles.

Mind over Microplastics: Exploring Microplastic-Induced Gut Disruption and Gut-Brain-Axis Consequences.

As environmental plastic waste degrades, it creates an abundance of diverse microplastic particles. Consequently, microplastics contaminate drinking water and many staple food products, meaning the oral ingestion of microplastics is an important exposure route for the human population. Microplastics have long been considered inert, however their ability to promote microbial dysbiosis as well as gut inflammation and dysfunction suggests they are more noxious than first thought. More alarmingly, there is evidence for microplastics permeating from the gut throughout the body, with adverse effects on the immune and nervous systems. Coupled with the now-accepted role of the gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration, these findings support the hypothesis that this ubiquitous environmental pollutant is contributing to the rising incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This comprehensive narrative review explores the consequences of oral microplastic exposure on the gut-brain-axis by considering current evidence for gastrointestinal uptake and disruption, immune activation, translocation throughout the body, and neurological effects. As microplastics are now a permanent feature of the global environment, understanding their effects on the gut, brain, and whole body will facilitate critical further research and inform policy changes aimed at reducing any adverse consequences.

Microplastics contamination in selected staple consumer food products.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-024-05978-2.

Landuse Changes in Pancor Village, Selong District, East Lombok Regency 2019-2023

Land use changes have positive and negative sides. Land use changes are influenced by population growth, thereby increasing the area of settlement area and other buildings as supporting facilities around settlements. Agricultural land is productive land that is used for staple food production and is subject to land conversion. The reduction in agricultural land results in reduced agricultural production which can threaten food security. In addition, land conversion is increasing, having a negative impact on the surrounding environment. The aim of this research was to determine land use changes in Pancor Village in the last 5 years. This research was carried out in Pancor Village by collecting field data obtained through the East Lombok ATR/BPN service and carrying out spatial analysis using ArcGIS 10.8. The results of the research show that in the last five years there has been a decrease in the area of rice fields by 33.8 hectares, fields/moors by 2.275 hectares, plantations by 0.035 hectares, while settlements and built-up land have increased by 36.11 hectares

Eicosane: An antifungal compound derived from Streptomyces sp. KF15 exhibits inhibitory potential against major phytopathogenic fungi of crops

In the present scenario, food security is of major concern due to exponentially increasing population and depleted crop production. The fungal diseases have contributed majorly to the scarcity of staple food products and economic loss worldwide. This problem could be tackled by preventing the crop loss during both pre and post-harvest seasons. During the current investigation, the bioactive compound eicosane was extracted from Streptomyces sp. KF15, subjected to purification and identified based on mass spectrometry and NMR analysis. The evaluation of in-vitro antifungal activity was done by poisoned food method, SEM analysis and growth pattern analysis. The bioactive compound eicosane with molecular weight of 282.5475 g/mol was purified by column chromatography and the straight chain hydrocarbon structure of CH3CH2(18)CH3 was elucidated by NMR analysis. In poisoned food assay, eicosane effectively inhibited the radial growth of all tested fungal pathogens; F. oxysporum was found to be the most sensitive with 24.2%, 33.3%, 42.4%, and 63.6% inhibition at 25–100 μg/ml concentrations. The SEM micrograph established clear differences in the morphology of eicosane treated fungi with damaged hyphae, flaccid mycelium and collapsed spores as compared to the tubular, turgid and entire fungi in control sample. Finally, the growth curve assay depicted the right side shift in the pattern of eicosane treated fungi indicating the delay in adapting to the conditions of growth and multiplication. The findings of this study encourage further research and development towards the novel antifungal drugs that can act against major phytopathogens.

Effects of Extrusion Technology on Physicochemical Properties and Microstructure of Rice Starch Added with Soy Protein Isolate and Whey Protein Isolate.

In order to improve the retrogradation of rice starch (RS) and the quality of rice products, soy protein isolate (SPI), whey protein isolate (WPI), and rice flour were mixed and further extruded into mixed flour. The physicochemical properties and morphology of starch of extruded rice flour (ERS) and starch of extruded mixtures of SPI, WPI, and rice flour (SPI-WPI-ERS) were analyzed. The distribution of amylopectin chain length, molecular weight, microstructure, crystallinity, short-range ordered structure, pasting properties, and thermodynamic properties of RS, ERS, and SPI-WPI-ERS were measured. The results showed that, compared with rice starch, the proportion of long-chain starch, total starch content, and molecular weight were decreased in ERS and SPI-WPI-ERS, but the proportion of short-chain and amylose content was increased. The short-range order structure was destroyed. The water absorption of ERS and SPI-WPI-ERS was much higher than rice starch at 55 °C, 65 °C, and 75 °C, but lower than that of rice starch at 95 °C. Therefore, the retrogradation characteristics of SPI-WPI-ERS were improved. The setback of rice starch products was reduced and the setback of SPI-WPI-ERS was lower than that of ERS. Overall, the retrogradation of rice starch was delayed by adding exogenous protein and extrusion technology, and the application range of rice flour in staple food products was broadened.

Pengaruh Pengadaan Beras dan Operasi Pasar Oleh Perum Bulog Terhadap Stabilitas Harga Beras di Provinsi Aceh

The rice commodity plays an important role as a staple food product throughout the world, especially in Indonesia where the majority of the population consumes rice. This research aims to analyze the influence of rice procurement and operations carried out by Perum Bulog on the stability of rice prices in Aceh Province. The scope of this research is the Aceh province Bulog company which consists of 23 districts/cities. This research data uses quantitative data in the form of annual data. Data collection observations began in 2013 until 2022. The data used as the basis for this research is secondary data obtained from the Aceh Province BPS publication entitled Aceh in Figures in various editions. The analytical model used in this research is multiple linear regression. Procurement of rice is an important part of maintaining food security and ensuring the availability of sufficient staple food for the community. The amount of rice supply for market operations is also influenced by the large stock of rice available in the Government Rice Reserve (CBP) which is managed by Perum Bulog. The research results show that rice procurement and market operations have a significant influence on rice price stability and the success of the Government, in this case Perum Bulog, in maintaining price stability. This research proves that Bulog plays an effective role in maintaining rice price stability through rice procurement policies and market operations.

Supply chain collaboration for the staple food product competitiveness

Food supply chain collaboration (FSCC) is a prevalent business strategy in developed countries. Despite the widespread adoption, there is still limited literature on FSCC in developing countries, including Indonesia. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the factors of information sharing, relationship quality, and corporate shared value on supply chain collaboration and their effect on improving the competitiveness of rice main food products in Indonesia. The conceptual framework was developed from the Relational View theory as the basis for supply chain collaboration, which could prove beneficial in increasing the competitiveness of food products. The data were collected from three rice supply chain actors, namely farmers, rice milling units, and retailers, which were analyzed using partial least squares Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that information sharing was the variable with the greatest effect on supply chain collaboration, followed by corporate shared value and relationship quality. Information sharing carried out by supply chain actors was due to dependence, trust, and commitment to relationships. Collaboration and information sharing among actors showed the potential to positively improve the competitiveness of rice main food products. These results provided valuable insights for food supply chain actors, emphasizing the importance of collaboration by considering economic, social, and environmental aspects.

ADMINISTRATION OF MEASURES FOR THE RESTORATION OF SOILS TRANSFORMED AS A RESULT OF MILITARY OPERATIONS

The Earth is a wealth of society. Its role in addressing the food problem cannot be overstated. It is known that the population's demand for staple food products doubles on average every thirty years. Therefore, in order to provide enough food for all the people living in the years 2010-2020, the productivity of agriculture needs to be doubled. The solution to this incredibly complex task primarily depends on the efficiency of land utilization. Observations are conducted using ground-based methods, primarily field-based techniques, and remote sensing tools. The establishment of correlation relationships between ground-based and remote sensing methods is carried out on dedicated test sites. The purpose of the article is to provide proposals for implementing measures for the restoration of lands transformed as a result of military actions. The methodology should include modern mathematical support, including principles of database creation, automated data processing and retrieval systems, and methods for real-time and long-term forecasting. For an accurate assessment of such transformations and the implementation of targeted regulation of soil processes, there is a need to organize systematic monitoring services to observe them. The absence of such monitoring can lead to irreversible degradation of the soil cover, which would later require enormous costs and time for restoration. It is clear that from both economic and socio-environmental perspectives, it is more practical and advantageous to prevent adverse changes rather than trying to remedy them later. By processing such information, it is possible to identify optimal natural conditions for various activities, predict both positive and negative factors for agricultural operations, and take measures to reduce the impact of negative factors on human life and activities. It is known that for a long time, observations were only conducted on changes in the state of the natural environment caused by natural factors. Indeed, the state of the biosphere changes under the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, there is a significant difference in the outcomes of these influences: the state of the biosphere, which constantly changes due to natural causes, usually returns to its previous state. Large balanced ecological systems, geosystems, change extremely slowly under the influence of natural processes. These gradual evolutionary changes occur only over time measured by historical epochs. The deteriorating ecological situation in Ukraine, including the agroecological state of the soil cover, emphasizes the need for the State Agrochemical Service to transition from soil agrochemical surveys to comprehensive soil-agrochemical monitoring of agricultural lands. Such monitoring belongs to the ecological monitoring type and consists of three main components: soil surveys (including laboratory analysis), assessment of their agro-ecological condition, prediction of changes in relevant indicators, and soil fertility management, which refers to the specific properties of soils that distinguish them qualitatively from their parent geological formations.

Effects of coarse cereals on dough and Chinese steamed bread - a review.

Chinese steamed breads (CSBs) are long-established staple foods in China. To enhance the nutritional value, coarse cereals such as oats, buckwheat, and quinoa have been added to the formulation for making CSBs. This review presents the nutritional value of various coarse cereals and analyses the interactions between the functional components of coarse cereals in the dough. The addition of coarse cereals leads to changes in the rheological, fermentation, and pasting aging properties of the dough, which further deteriorates the appearance and texture of CSBs. This review can provide some suggestions and guidelines for the production of staple and nutritious staple foods.

Potato flour content determination of potato–wheat flour mixture based on hyperspectral imaging

SummaryPotato–wheat flour mixture (PWFM) has important significance for the development of potato staple food products. However, conventional chemical methods are unable to detect the content of potato flour. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology combined with chemometrics was investigated to predict the feasibility of potato flour content in PWFM. In this study, seven pretreatment algorithms were performed to process the raw spectral data. The results showed that the standard normalised variables (SNV) to establish a partial least square regression (PLSR) model had the most predictive accuracy with the determination coefficient of prediction () of 0.9729. The characteristic wavelengths of raw spectral information were extracted using three algorithms to reduce the model complexity. Eventually, the extracted characteristic wavelengths of potato flour content combine with SNV to establish PLSR, principal component regression (PCR) and support vector regression (SVR) models. The results revealed that the optimal model was SNV‐competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS)‐PLSR with the values of of 0.9853. These results showed that HSI determination of potato flour content in PWFM was feasible and provided a non‐destructive method.

High Protein Yangyu jiaotuan (): In Vitro Oral-Gastro-Small Intestinal Starch Digestion and Some Physico-Chemical, Textural, Microstructural, and Rheological Properties.

Biomimetic foods are expected to have potential health benefits for the management and prevention of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In the current research, two commercially available and affordable plant proteins (soy protein isolate-SPI and pea protein isolate-PPI) at two levels (5%, 10%) were added to the Yangyu jiaotuan with the objective of developing a product with reduced glycaemic properties and high protein content while maintaining its original taste and texture. The results showed that several important textural properties such as hardness and chewiness did not change significantly during the refrigerated storage. The storage modulus G' increased with refrigerated storage time for different samples, but there were significant differences among the five samples (with and without protein addition) with respect to frequency dependence during rheological measurements. The in vitro starch digestion experiments showed that the starch hydrolysis of Yangyu jiaotuan decreased considerably (by up to 42.08%) with the increase in PPI content and during refrigerated storage due to starch retrogradation. Protein has protected the microstructure and there was less damage when compared to samples without protein. The bimodal peaks of the particle size distribution curves showed that the newly developed Yangyu jiaotuan contains two different sizes of particles; the smaller particles (~30 μm) corresponded to PPI and starch granules, while the larger particles corresponded to the fragments of the gel network of the starch matrix. Based on the above results, Yangyu jiaotuan mixed with pea protein is a convenient potato staple food product, which complies with the biomimetic potato food very well.

Adoption of technology to improve self-sufficiency in paddy plantations in Brunei: Challenges and mitigation strategies for intermediate stakeholders.

Rice has always been one of the basic foods in ASEAN Member States. The government typically provides substantial subsidies for this. Shortage of staple food production is one of the top issues being addressed now as the countries face pandemic concerns. Achieving food security is a great concern, particularly for countries where a substantial portion of the population depends on food imports. The countries need to prioritize food security and increase self-sufficiency due to the unpredictable impact of climate change as the food crisis gets worse. In addition, since irrigation plays an important part in paddy farming, efficient and intensive farming, or smart farming, has been required to mitigate the food-supply problem. Smart agriculture with the use of Internet of Things (IoT) is part of the Smart Nation’s initiative to reach Brunei’s 2035 vision. This paper highlights the present status of agricultural condition and practices in Brunei as well as some issues and challenges faced. This paper also analyses the policies for sustainable best practices of growing paddy within the region. Various technology and non-technology strategies to overcome these challenges are defined, especially those dealing with the new norm.

Peningkatan Produktivitas UKM Lontong Plastik Mini Modern di Desa Kolam

&#x0D; &#x0D; SMEs are small and medium enterprises owned by individuals or individual business entities. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have an important role in supporting the national economy. Therefore, SMEs need to get attention from the government and academics. Various processed food products are produced by SMEs. Lontong is one of the staple food products that we often encounter and consume. Lontong is made from rice wrapped in plastic, banana leaves and boiled. The majority of Lontong business owners continue to produce their goods using firewood and improvised tools. As a result, the quality and production capacity remain low. However, on this occasion the researchers conducted research on the mini Lontong UKM located in the village of Pond, Kab. Deli Serdang Kec. Percut Sei Tuan here, researchers see the production process for making rice cake at Mrs. Risna's house. The manufacturing process is very modern because it uses modern cooking utensils, namely using a gas stove and the cooking process takes 6 hours faster. The mini size of the lontong and the cheap and economical price makes it attractive for the public to buy the product and the owner distributes it to markets and online media such as social media and other online media.&#x0D; Keywords : Lontong UKM, Productivity, Production Marketing

Evaluation of a Modified Multipurpose Cassava Processing Machine for Size Reduction

The production cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) is considered an important alternative to reduction in food scarcity around the world. In Kenya, it is rapidly gaining prominence due to the declining production of staple foods, especially maize and wheat. Though still considered a poor man’s food, the usage of cassava has greatly diversified in terms of both industrial and domestic applications. This coupled with the introduction of improved varieties and better farming options calls for innovative ways of handling the increasing volumes of fresh cassava tubers to minimize post-harvest losses. One of the important postharvest processes is size reduction which is achieved by either chipping or grating. Improved production methods alone are not adequate to solve the issues of field losses in cassava production. Factors affecting the efficiency of size reduction operation include operator experience, disc type, disc speed, cutting clearance and moisture content. Conventionally, this has been done manually but due to the inherent problems, use of machines is being encouraged through the development and adoption of chipping/grating machines. In this study the machine developed was dual powered and allowed conversion from a chipper to grater and vice versa as need be. It has a capacity of 162.15kg/h and 81.62 kg/h when chipping and grating respectively. The chipping process consumed less power averaging 0.0034kW/kg compared to 0.0075 kW/kg used in the grating and these chips dried faster than manually worked cassava. Keywords: Cassava, post-harvest, chipping, grating, dual power DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/13-8-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2023

Mitigation pathways towards climate change: Modelling the impact of climatological factors on wheat production in top six regions of China

Northern and Southern regions are the two major wheat production belts of China. Agro–climatic resources have changed significantly in recent years, threatening staple food production in these regions. As a result, it is critical to investigate the long–term effect of climate change and agri–inputs on wheat production in China's top six wheat producing provinces (Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Hubei) from 1995 to 2020. The estimated long-run results from the FGLS, DOLS, and D–K estimators revealed that climatic factors, specifically temperature, had a negative impact on wheat production, while precipitation had a positive impact. The findings also revealed that agrochemical inputs, such as fertilizer, increases wheat production, whereas pesticide use decreases wheat production significantly. The results from the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test showed a bidirectional causality between rainfall, fertilizer use, and cultivated area with wheat production, while a unidirectional causality association is running from labor force to wheat production. The current study provides several critical policy recommendations for China's sustainable food production through green agricultural practices and robust climate mitigation strategies.

Determining Factors for Staple Food Products Prices in Indonesia Traditional Markets

Determining Factors for Staple Food Products Prices in Indonesia Traditional Markets