Staple Fibers Research Articles

Anti-Dumping Committee’s Strategy to Confront Dumping Practices: Indonesian Law and International Law Perspective

This study investigates the Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee's role and legal efforts in addressing dumping practices within the context of Indonesia's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and adherence to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Previous research has demonstrated the existence of dumping in imported polyester staple fiber products, leading to the committee's proposal of anti-dumping duties. The committee is responsible for receiving reports on alleged dumping and producing final reports. Despite these efforts, the study reveals an ongoing increase in dumping cases, causing significant social, psychological, and economic consequences for the country. The current institution dealing with dumping practices is considered inefficient and ineffective. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the issue, the research employs a sociolegal research method with a disciplinary approach, acknowledging that relying solely on normative law is insufficient to address dumping practices. In conclusion, this study aims to shed light on the Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee's role and its legal framework in countering dumping practices. The rising dumping cases and the perceived inefficiency of the existing institution are worrisome. By utilizing a sociolegal research method with a disciplinary approach, the study strives to offer a holistic understanding and potentially contribute to more effective solutions in combating dumping practices.

Controlling the Fiber Stress Distribution with Variable-Frequency Step Roll for Tunable Spun Yarn Structures.

The dynamic regulation of fiber stress distribution in the yarn-forming triangle area is critical for controlling variable composite yarn structures, including siro and sirofil composite yarns. In this study, comparison analyses of the variable geometric structure and stress distribution during the yarn-forming process, which involves step rolls with asymmetrical fiber control, have been carried out using ring-spinning technology. The geometric analyses show that partly staple fibers are continuously controlled while other fibers intermittently lack stress restraint, resulting in cyclically changed helical angles and wrapping density in the yarn-forming triangle area. The yarn structure model displayed that periodically distributed staple fibers occur in siro composite yarn, while sirofil composite yarn shows gradual periodic changes with uniform thickness variations, caused by cyclical changes in the stress distribution between filaments, and the strand altered the yarn-forming zone shapes from symmetrical to offset. Then, a systematic comparison of variable composite yarns with different frequencies (high, medium and low frequency) revealed that low-frequency step roll with wider grooves resulted in an intermittent output of staple fibers with less stress restraint, resulting in more pronounced structural variation in the siro and sirofil composite yarns with a slight yarn quality deterioration.

First Conclusions on Damage Behaviour of Recycled Carbon Staple Fibre Yarn Using X-ray and Acoustic Emission Techniques.

This paper presents the first results on the characterisation of the damage behaviour of recycled carbon fibre (rCF) rovings manufactured into unidirectionally (UD) reinforced plates. In the first step, the mechanical properties of several material combinations were determined by mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, compression). This proves the usability of the material for load-bearing structures. For example, a tensile modulus of up to 80 GPa and a tensile strength of 800 MPa were measured. Subsequently, the fracture surface was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterise the fibre-matrix adhesion and to obtain first indications of possible failure mechanisms. Despite the high mechanical properties, poor fibre-matrix adhesion was found for all matrix systems. In situ X-ray microscopy tests were then performed on smaller specimens under predefined load levels as transverse tensile and bending tests. The results provide further predictions of the failure behaviour and can be compared to the previous test results. The three-dimensional scan reconstruction results were used to visualise the failure behaviour of the staple fibres in order to detect fibre pull-out and fibre or inter-fibre failure and to draw initial conclusions about the damage behaviour in comparison to conventional fibre composites. In particular, a benign failure behaviour in the transverse tensile test was demonstrated with this procedure. In addition, first concepts and tests for the integration of AE analysis into the in situ setup of the X-ray microscope are presented.

Salicylic Acid Release from Syndiotactic Polystyrene Staple Fibers

Films and fibers of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS), being amorphous or exhibiting nanoporous crystalline (NC) or dense crystalline phases, were loaded with salicylic acid (SA), a relevant non-volatile antimicrobial molecule. In the first section of the paper, sPS/SA co-crystalline (CC) δ form is characterized, mainly by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns and polarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The formation of sPS/SA δ CC phases allows the preparation of sPS fibers even with a high content of the antibacterial guest, which is also retained after repeated washing procedures at 65 °C. A preparation procedure starting from amorphous fibers is particularly appropriate because involves a direct formation of the CC δ form and a simultaneous axial orientation. The possibility of tuning drug amount and release kinetics, by simply selecting suitable crystalline phases of a commercially available polymer, makes sPS fibers possibly useful for many applications. In particular, fibers with δ CC forms, which retain SA molecules in their crystalline phases, could be useful for antimicrobial textiles and fabrics. Fibers with the dense γ form which easily release SA molecules, because they are only included in their amorphous phases, could be used for promising SA-based preparations for antibacterial purposes in food processing and preservation and public health. Finally, using a cell-based assay system and antibacterial tests, we investigated the cellular activity, toxicity and antimicrobial properties of amorphous, δ CC forms and dense γ form of sPS fibers loaded with different contents of SA.

Analisis Daya Serap Suara Material Berbasis Polyester Staple Fibre Untuk Karpet Lantai Kendaraan

This research studies about the ability of the acoustic properties or absorption of the vehicle floor carpet material which consists of several forming components, with an experimental method using the tube impedance method. The components of this car floor carpet material consist of a skin section which includes a surface made of polyester staple fiber plastic fiber, binders made of latex SBR material, backing made of Polyethylene (PE) powder and the under layer made of Polyester Fiber material (PET) Silencer. The carpet material for the vehicle floor was made into three samples to determine the average of sound absorption coefficient. The sound absorption coefficient was obtained from testing the flat test sample using the ASTM E1050-98 tube impedance method. The use of Polyethylene (PE) powder as a backing for floor mats has a sound absorption coefficient with a rating of B (above 0.8) at a frequency of 3,000 Hz. While the sound absorption coefficient reaches the highest point of 0.99 at a frequency of 3,000 Hz. This is because the backing with Polyethylene (PE) powder material has porous holes. The micro surface is used as a layer of air space so that it can effectively reduce and increase the absorption of sound that occurs inside the vehicle when driving. The sound absorption coefficient of vehicle floor carpet increases significantly at low frequencies and slightly decreases at high frequencies

A method to produce periodic varied structural composite yarn by forced migrations of convergence point between polymer filaments and the staple strand

A novel composite yarn with a novel structure is prepared by the three-strand conversion method of double polymer filaments to staple fiber, that is, double polymer filaments to staple fiber repeated migration movement. The geometric principle of different relative positions of filament to helix structure change is analyzed theoretically, and the effect of filament position on the spinning-triangle of composite yarn is demonstrated. Furthermore, the structure of six different composite yarns is modeled and compared with each other, which shows the influence of different filament helical structures on the performance of spinning composite yarns. The repeated migration of filaments is observed using the online observation technique in the dynamic rotating triangle region. In addition, changes in yarn structure are caused by different geometric configurations. The results show that the stem, strength, and hair of six new composite yarns with different helical structures are slightly weakened. In summary, the three-strand conversion method is an effective new method to control the structure of filament and staple fibers.

Research on a novel sheath core-wrap staple yarn based on the ring spinning frame with special-shaped roller

This work explored a novel method for producing sheath core-wrap staple yarn on a modified ring spinning machine. The sheath core-wrap staple yarn is a new composite yarn whose core layer and sheath layer are both composed of staple fibers. In this paper, the conventional front roller on the ring spinning machine was replaced by a special-shaped roller, named a coaxial front roller of different diameters. In the spinning process, two colored cotton rovings were fed into the back roller. Then they are conveyed to the coaxial front roller of different diameters and output at different speeds. Finally, they were spun in a sheath core-wrap staple yarn under the twist effect. The covering effect and properties of sheath core-wrap staple yarn are the critical concerns in this article. Mathematical equations have been derived to calculate the ideal twist multiplier. It is most favorable for the core fiber to be covered at the ideal twist multiplier 408. The effects of the twist multiplier and core proportion on core exposure ratio and yarn properties (tensile properties, abrasion resistance, evenness, and hairiness) were investigated. The results showed that the core exposure ratio of all sheath core-wrap staple yarns were less than 2%, and the minimum core exposure ratio was obtained at the twist multiplier 400. The results also demonstrated that the tensile property, abrasion resistance, evenness, and hairiness improved with the increase of the twist multiplier and the core proportion. The proposed method provides new insight for researchers to fully understand the production process of sheath core-warp staple yarn and improve the yarn quality.

A spinning method for low-torsion composite yarn with basalt fibers and staple cotton fibers

Basalt fibers play an indispensable role in aerospace as well as fireproof suits in specialty fields. However, basalt fibers usually have properties such as high temperature and corrosion resistance, severely lack comfort, and are prone to brittle fracture or splitting when subjected to bending or impact forces because of their high modulus. Although considerable efforts have been made to solve the above problems by wrapping soft staple fibers with basalt, but the problem of difficult stress balance exists in the composite process. Herein, we demonstrate that a stress balance spinning method to control the composite conformation between high stiffness basalt fibers and soft cotton fibers, possess significant modulus differences, for high spinnability and comfort composite yarns production on ring spinning. Geometric analysis demonstrated that the stress during retwisting adjusts the internal structure of the basalt fiber and changes the arrangement of exposed cotton fiber bundles, causing the fiber motion track to change from concentric helix to deformed non-concentric helix. The mechanical aspects show that over-twisted composite yarns lead to fiber exposure as well as detachment due to irregular fiber twisting, while low-twisted composite yarns can overcome residual torque and modulus differences. Afterwards, a systematic comparison of composite yarns with different parameters reveals that low-twisted composite yarns have a better helicoid structure, strength and uniformity than raw and over-twisted composite yarns.

Investigations for the use and recyclability of the ionic liquid [MTBDH][AcO] as a solvent in air‐gap‐wet spinning process

AbstractThe direct dissolution of cellulose offers a pathway to production of regenerated textile fibers. However, fiber production in the Lyocell process requires a high recyclability of the solvent. Some compounds from the class of ionic liquids (IL) may have higher dissolving capacities together with a higher thermal stability than the conventional N‐methylmorpholin‐N‐oxide (NMMO), which makes them more valuable in an industrial process. A promising representative of such an advanced solvent for Lyocell process, 7‐Methyl‐1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene acetate ([MTBDH][AcO]) was investigated in this study. A series of 21 consecutive cellulose dissolving and spinning trials via dry‐jet wet spinning was conducted with the same batch of solvent. In the spinning trials, the cellulose was regenerated into water consisting spinning bath. The solvent was recycled by removing the water from the spin bath via distillation in reduced pressure. Due these drastic changes in the water content of the IL during the whole process, the hydrolytic stability is an important aspect to assess the recyclability of the IL and viability of the whole process. The chemical composition of the IL was monitored by means of NMR spectroscopy. Although there was an increase of hydrolysis level of the solvent, cellulose could be dissolved constantly and spun to obtain staple fibers. The spinning behavior deteriorated slowly along the additional cycles, along with a measured increase in zero‐shear viscosity of the spinning dope. Nevertheless, the physical properties of the obtained fibers were barely influenced by the changes of the ionic liquid.

Textile Design of an Intervertebral Disc Replacement Device from Silk Yarn

Low back pain is often due to degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVD). It is one of the most common age- and work-related problems in today's society. Current treatments are not able to efficiently restore the full function of the IVD. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to reconstruct the two parts of the intervertebral disc-the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the nucleus pulposus (NP)-in such a way that the natural structural features were mimicked by a textile design. Silk was selected as the biomaterial for realization of a textile IVD because of its cytocompatibility, biodegradability, high strength, stiffness, and toughness, both in tension and compression. Therefore, an embroidered structure made of silk yarn was developed that reproduces the alternating fiber structure of +30° and -30° fiber orientation found in the AF and mimics its lamellar structure. The developed embroidered ribbons showed a tensile strength that corresponded to that of the natural AF. Fiber additive manufacturing with 1 mm silk staple fibers was used to replicate the fiber network of the NP and generate an open porous textile 3D structure that may serve as a reinforcement structure for the gel-like NP.

Three-dimensional orthogonal woven hybrid fabrics in X band frequency region for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness

The three-dimensional fabric structures with metallic yarns and different fibers offer additional opportunities to enhance the electromagnetic shielding potential. This study involves the manufacturing of a Three-Dimensional Orthogonal Woven (3DOW) hybrid conductive fabric to be potentially used in an electromagnetic shielding field. 3DOW fabric consisting of copper filament-based core-sheath hybrid yarn in the weft direction has been manufactured to obtain maximum shielding effect. Hybrid yarns were produced using the DREF-III spinning technique, having copper filament in the core and sheathing by Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) staple fibers. The experiment was designed using Box-Behnken method. The orthogonal fabric samples are tested in an electromagnetic frequency region of 8-12 GHz using Free Space Measurement System (FSMS) to estimate absorbance, reflectance, and transmittance. Hybrid yarn parameters such as PPS fiber diameter, copper filament diameter, and yarn linear density considerably affect electromagnetic shielding. 3DOW fabric’s electromagnetic shielding effect increase with the diameter of the copper core filament, as does PPS yarn’s diameter, showing a promising trend towards shielding. The findings of orthogonal structure can be further extended in other Three-Dimensional structures like multi-layer, angle interlock, draperies, and tops for civilians and soldierly applications.

Comparison of composite yarns fabricated with ring spinning technologies for extreme environment

In this work, polyamide 66/meta-aramid composite yarn was manufactured for applications involving extreme temperatures. Three types of spinning methods were chosen, including siro core-spun, sirofil and embedded and locatable spinning (ELS) systems. Under the discussion of the filament motion feature and the staple fiber trapping effect separately, it is concluded that the siro core-spun system has the lowest trapping ability for the staple fibers due to the loose interaction force between the filament and the rovings. By contrast, the twist effect between the filament and the rovings in sirofil method prevents the fiber migration, resulting in a more stable yarn. Finally, ELS system further enhances the wrapping effect of the fibers outside. For the specific properties, hairiness tests and SEM photos of the yarns prove that the ELS system has the best control of the surface fibers, contributing to better uniformity. Similarly, the tensile property for the ELS yarn is also better than the other two. Finally, the tensile modulus and thermal property of the the ELS composite yarn fabric almost remain the original level after the high and low temperature cycling tests, demonstrating promising application prospect in the extreme environment.

Liquid flow spinning mass-manufactured paraffin cored yarn for thermal management and ultra-high protection

Thermal management and ultra-high protection textiles are critical for polar scientists, astronauts and firefighters. Phase change materials (PCMs) effectively retard huge thermal changes, and thermal damage by absorbing or releasing heat during phase transition. However, due to the materials and engineering challenges inherent in PCMs based textiles, commercial PCMs usually suffer with high rigidity, no-breath-ability, easy leakage and abrasion, limiting their potential applications. Herein, we proposed a mass-producible liquid flow spinning (LFS) method, in which molten paraffin is poured into continuous hollow silicon tubes and then wrapped by staple fibers to form paraffin-coated yarns (PCYs) on a friction spinning frame. The obtained PCYs showed enhanced mechanical properties (break strength of 7.80 N, wear resistance of 2000 cycles) due to the novel core-sheath yarn structure. Besides, thanks to the high melting enthalpy (60.967 J/g) of PCYs, the yarns showed the excellent temperature regulating effect. A double-sided joint PCYs fabric (PCYF) is fabricated to study the PCYs performance further, results show that the PCYF can withstand 10,000 cycles of abrasion without breakage and PCMs leakage. Furthermore, owing to the much gaps provided by the stretch fibers and interweaving points, the fabric exhibits good breathability. In particular, compared with commercial PCMs based textiles, our PCYF is superior in thermal protection performance (9 °C lower). The fireproof performance is also excellent as our PCYF can withstand flame temperatures higher than 1142 °C. The PCYs production method provided here could pave the way for human thermal protection textiles.

KEMULURAN DAN KEKUATAN PUTUS TALI SABUT KELAPA BERLAPIS KITOSAN

Coating of coconut coir rope as a material for fishing gear is carried out to inhibit the decomposition process and increase the breaking strength and elongation of the rope. In this study,the coating of coconut coir rope using chitosan as an antimicrobial is expected to inhibit the growth of micro-organisms. This study aims to determine the elongation and breaking strength of chitosancoated coconut coir ropes. The research method used is experimental. Data analysis used the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test and RAL (Completely Randomized Design)- to determine the effect of chitosan coating on the elongation and breaking strength of coconut fiber ropes. The results showed that the chitosan coir rope had a dark brown color, while the control coir rope had a light brown color. The direction of the twist is "S", with a "hard" type of twist so that the rope tends to be stiff. The fiber type is staple fiber (short fiber). The elongation of the chitosan coir rope was 10.21 cm, 17.55% higher than the untreated coconut coir rope, which was 8.68 cm. The average breaking strength of chitosan coir rope was 37.41 kgf or 11.87% higher than untreated coconut coir rope, which was 33.44 kgf.
 Keywords: elongation, breaking strength, chitosan, chitosan coconut fiber rope.

Fabrication and Properties of Elastomeric Yarn from Poly (Ether Ester) Staple Fiber by Ring Spinning

Fabrication and Properties of Elastomeric Yarn from Poly (Ether Ester) Staple Fiber by Ring Spinning

Studies on Incorporating Infrared Reflecting Minerals into Viscose Fibres

A mixture of minerals consisting of calcite, dolomite, talc and quartz, known to have infrared (IR) reflecting properties, was mechanically treated and dispersed in aqueous medium and incorporated in viscose solution to be physically entrapped into the fibre structure. The process of incorporation of the mineral mixture in viscose dope involved steps of slurry making by suspending and grinding the particles in aqueous medium followed by mixing the slurry with the viscose dope, ready for spinning. The slurry preparation and grinding were carried out under different mechanical conditions, such as ball milling and ultrasonication. The evaluation of particle size of slurry was carried out under two pH conditions, first at the inherent pH (neutral pH 7) and at high pH (alkaline pH 13) equivalent to the pH of viscose dope. Furthermore, for stable slurry making, different surfactants were used. The phosphate ether-based anionic surfactant was found to effectively stabilize the dispersion better under the pH conditions used. The effect of stable slurry on good spinning was validated through an inline pressure gauge during viscose fibre spinning. To assess the IR reflecting property of viscose fibre, a direct visual evaluation was done through an IR camera, which indicated a significant increase of ~2°C surface temperature of the IR-Viscose Staple Fibre (VSF) in comparison with control VSF.

Novel lyocell fibre from Alberta-grown hemp

Lyocell is a man-made, regenerated cellulosic fibre developed through cellulose dissolution in non-derivative solvents. Hemp offers a preferential source of cellulose for lyocell production as it is considered an environmentally friendly agricultural crop, requiring less water, fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides than other crops and sequesters carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. There are currently no Canadian sources of domestically manufactured lyocell filament or staple fibres. Our goal is to manufacture 100% lyocell fibre and to demonstrate techniques for pulping and solution-spinning hemp-based lyocell fibre. Utilizing both the bast and hurd of the hemp plant allows for the creation of many different fibre densities with varying properties while contributing to whole plant utilization and Canadian industry creation and expansion.

EFFECT OF TENSILE FATIGUE CYCLIC LOADING ONPERFORMANCE OF TEXTILE-BASED STRAIN SENSORS

Textile-based strain sensors are a potential platform used in wearable devices for sensing and. 8 sensors containing monitoring the human body. These sensors not only have all the conventional sensors benefits but also, they are low-cost, flexible, light-weight, and easily adopted with three-dimensional shape of the body. Moreover, recent research has shown they are the best candidates for monitoring human’s body motion. In this study, the effect of tensile fatigue cyclic loads on performance and sensitivity of textilebased strain sensors was investigated polyester/stainless steel staple fiber blend yarn as a conductive part with different structures were produced. The sensors varied in weft and warp density, percentage of stainless steel in conductive yarn, the number of conductive yarns, and weave pattern. The sensors were subjected to 500 cyclic loads operations and their tensile properties and sensitivity were investigated and compared before and after applying tensile fatigue cyclic loads. The results showed the textile-based strain sensors containing less percentage of stainless-steel fiber, lower number of conductive yarns, twill weave pattern and lower density in warp and weft direction have shown better performance after tensile fatigue cyclic loads.

Statistical assessment of the comparative breaking strength of yarns with different fiber composition

This article studied the factors affecting the quality of cotton yarn. The properties of cotton fiber and their changes in technological processes play an important role in product production. Therefore, cotton fibers with different staple lengths of 28.5, 29.0, and 29.5 mm were used in the test work. Because it is advisable to use long fiber cotton fiber to get single yarn spun for sewing threads, for each option, different twists on the thread, i.e. the number of twists in 1 meter of thread were 850, 900, 950 b/m. The strength of individual threads ensures the quality of the product obtained from it, so we use the above number of twists. In order to determine the relative breaking strength of a single thread for sewing threads, experimental tests were conducted. According to the conducted experimental tests, 2 incoming factors were selected. As an output parameter, the relative tensile strength of the yarn, sN/tex (U) as input parameters, the effect of fiber staple length in mm, and the number of twists on the b/m indicator were studied based on the experiment. As a result of theoretical studies, the optimal value of the relative breaking strength of the thread from 16.25 sN/tex to 17.54 sN/tex, the staple length of the fiber should be more than 29.5 mm, and the number of twists should be 900 twist/meter It was determined that it should be. Based on the obtained conclusions, scientific and research work was carried out in the control enterprise. Based on the results of this research, the preliminary results of choosing the direction of further research were obtained. For this, LOTs were organized in the enterprise in various options. LOT-1 consists of Porloq-4, LOT-2 Bukhara-102, LOT-3 Sultan varieties. Based on the research results, the coefficient of variation in the linear density of yarns with different fiber content, the coefficient of variation in the number of twists, breaking strength, the variation coefficient in breaking strength, elongation at break, the coefficient of variation in elongation at break, comparison of the coefficients of variation for breaking strength and specific breaking strength were studied. When analyzing the effect of the composition of the fiber mixture on the physical-mechanical properties of the yarns for 3 LOTs, it was seen that the quality indicators of the yarns obtained from the LOT-1 mixture are higher than the indicators of the yarns obtained from other mixtures.

THE ANALYSIS OF ANTIDUMPING DUTIES IMPOSION AGAINST POLYESTER STAPLE FIBER COMMODITIES IMPORT VALUE

Dumping practices can damage the domestic product market because they are imported at lower prices. Indonesia has imposed antidumping measures on Polyester Staple Fiber (PSF) commodities since 2010 until now. This study aims to analyze the impact of long-term and short-term antidumping duties (BMAD) imposition on the import value of PSF commodities in Indonesia. This study was conducted using quantitative analysis methods with multiple linear regression testing model Error Correction Model (ECM). Based on the results of quantitative testing, in the long term the variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the import value of PSF commodities. Meanwhile, in the short term, BMAD variable partially has no effect on the value of PSF commodity imports from the target country. This shows that the imposition of antidumping duties does not directly have a restrictive effect on the import value of PSF commodities.