Staphylococcal Enterocolitis Research Articles

Ischaemic enterocolitis: an expression of the intravascular coagulation syndrome.

In 20 cases of ischaemic enterocolitis unassociated with lesions of major vessels, fresh thrombi were found in the small vessels of the bowel wall and were widespread in other tissues. The capillaries of the renal glomeruli and vessels in the lung were the commonest sites. Pseudo-membranous enterocolitis is shown to be an early or more slowly evolving but identical entity to other forms of so-called ischaemic enterocolitis. This is a condition which includes ischaemic enterocolitis, postoperative enterocolitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and probably some cases of clostridial and staphylococcal enterocolitis. It is due to an episode of intravascular coagulation occurring principally in the gut wall but also elsewhere.

STAPHYLOCOCCUS OF A NEWLY RECOGNIZED BACTERIOPHAGE TYPE: REPORT OF A HOSPITAL OUTBREAK.

An outbreak of staphylococcal enterocolitis in a large hospital called attention to the high incidence of staphylococcal pneumonia, surgical-wound sepsis, and other infections. The strain responsible was untypable with the international bacteriophages and appears to be a newly recognized bacteriophage type which is lysed only by experimental bacteriophages D, B5, 77Ad, UC18, and SF. All enterocolitis cases occurred among patients who had been treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, either for treatment of hepatic decompensation or in preparation for bowel surgery. Most of the other severe infections occurred among elderly or debilitated patients who were receiving antibiotics. With more discriminatory use of neomycin, the enterocolitis outbreak subsided, although the strain remains endemic in the hospital.

ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF VANCOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROCOLITIS.

VANCOMYCIN is a bactericidal antibiotic that has been highly effective in the treatment of infections caused by staphylococci resistant to penicillin G.1 , 2 Difficulties associated with parenteral...

Staphylococcal enterocolitis: Studies in bacteriophage typing patterns

<h2>Summary</h2> Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from the stools of 55 patients with staphylococcal enterocolitis complicating antibiotic therapy during an 18 month period in 1960 and 1961 were tested with the phages from the Standard International Series and 36 (65.4 per cent) were found to be "untypable." When these 36 "untypable" isolates were tested further with the new bacteriophage types, UC-13, 14, 16, 18 and 20, recently isolated in the Research Surgical Bacteriology Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati, only 4 (11.1 per cent) remained "untypable." The composite patterns of the 55 strains tested with the Standard International Series and the UC phages revealed that 25 (45 per cent) were UC-18, 14 (25 per cent) were 53, 77 and 4 (7 per cent) were UC-13, UC-18. Only 4 (7 per cent) remained "untypable." During the following 12 month period 33 patients with staphylococcal enterocolitis showed an increasing incidence of UC-18 type isolates, the percentage being 72.7. None were of the standard phage groups. Of further interest has been the fact that 45 stool cultures of "normal" hospitalized patients revealed 11 (24 per cent) to contain the Staphylococcus aureus. None of these were of the UC-18 type nor "untypable." The majority were type UC-13. This investigation indicates that staphylococcal enterocolitis complicating antibiotic therapy in the Cincinnati area during the past two and one-half years has been caused predominantly by one specific strain of Staphylococcus aureus, identified as UC-18 phage type in over 70 per cent of the cases. The significance of this specific type in this disease in other geographic areas is under further study.

Staphylococcal enterocolitis following antibiotic therapy.

Staphylococcal enterocolitis following antibiotic therapy.

Dangers in Use of Some Potent Drugs

The chief dangers reported with some common drugs are reviewed. Hazards of antibiotic therapy include: the increasing incidence of sensitization to penicillin with occasional anaphylactic reactions; aplastic anemia with chloramphenicol, and the poor tolerance of infants for chloramphenicol; staphylococcal enterocolitis; unnecessary "prophylactic" use of antibiotics. Thiazide diuretics may precipitate potassium depletion, skin reactions, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasias, gout, diabetes mellitus and hepatic coma. Reserpine can increase gastric acidity, induce mental depression, and when used with digitalis lead to ventricular premature beats. Hydralazine may aggravate angina pectoris, cause tachycardia, and bring about a syndrome resembling disseminated lupus erythematosus. Guanethidine may result in loose stools, impotence, and postural hypotension. Hazards of phenothiazines include jaundice, parkinsonian states and tremors, convulsions, hypotension, and blood dyscrasias. The butanediols have numerous side effects including gastrointestinal, cutaneous and hypotensive reactions. Prolonged corticosteroid therapy introduces a new danger in surgical treatment. The progesterone-like drugs may induce masculinization of the female fetus.

Acute staphylococcal enterocolitis complicating oral neomycin therapy in cirrhosis.

THE oral administration of certain poorly absorbed antibiotics is widely accepted as an important measure in the management of the neuropsychiatric complications of severe liver disease. Of these anti-bacterial agents, neomycin has proved the most satisfactory, effectively suppressing intestinal flora with a minimum of undesirable or harmful side effects.1 2 3 Although diarrhea,1 steatorrhea,4 occasional systemic absorption of the drug5 , 6 and mild monilial superinfection2 have occurred in a few cases, to our knowledge no serious complications due to neomycin-resistant organisms have been reported to follow the use of this drug in the treatment of impending or overt hepatic coma. Recently, however, we . . .

Iatrogenic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Unprecedented long-term administration of drugs has increased the incidence of iatrogenic disease. Peptic ulcer may result from adrenocorticoid and phenylbutazone therapy. Aspirin may produce gastroduodenal irritation. Rauwolfia alkaloids stimulate gastric acid secretion. Acute staphylococcal enterocolitis, overgrowth of Candida albicans, and anorectal inflammation are occasionally associated with use of antibiotics.

Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

The pathologic entity known as pseudomembranous enterocolitis has received much attention in the literature of recent years; yet a brief scanning of bibliographies on the subject will make the reader aware not only that the pathogenesis of this lesion remains an enigma but that there is a persistent trend toward identification of pseudomembranous enterocolitis with staphylococcal enteric infections secondary to antimicrobial therapy. It is evident from this study of 14 cases, first, that pseudomembranous enterocolitis is a pathologic entity not necessarily identifiable with or a sequel of staphylococcal enterocolitis, and, second, that an impairment of the blood supply of a part of the gastrointestinal tract caused by local or systemic vascular abnormalities may be a common denominator in the production of fatal pseudomembranous inflammation of the bowel. History Excellent reviews have been given by Newman 1 and other authors. 2,3 Though pseudomembrane formation in the gastrointestinal tract has long been

Staphylococcal enterocolitis.

Staphylococcal enterocolitis has recently become a serious problem on the surgical service of this hospital. This paper presents 16 bacteriologically proved cases which have occurred since 1953, in all of which the patient survived. Many of these patients were critically ill and survived only because of early diagnosis, early adequate treatment, and close physician supervision. Emphasis is placed on treatment of dehydration, hypovolemia, and shock. We believe that cross infection plays an important role in the pathogenesis. Prophylaxis should be directed toward control of cross infection and judicious use of antibiotics. The clinical picture and treatment are discussed, and three cases are presented in detail. <h3>History</h3> The relationship of this disease to the pseudomembranous enterocolitis which occurred prior to the antibiotic era has not been definitely established. The latter disease was first described by Finney in 1893.¹⁰In 1939 Penner and Bernheim²⁷presented a study of 40 autopsy

Primary staphylococcal enterocolitis.

An increasing number of cases of staphylococcal enterocolitis, often fatal, have been reported in the past few years following major abdominal surgery and/or after the administration of antibiotics. 1 Earlier, before the introduction of antibiotics, cases of a similar nature occurring with or without surgery were reported, but no evidence was presented to indicate that they were caused by Staphylococcus aureus. 2,3 This may be due to the fact that most stool cultures in the past were performed using special bacteriological media designed to inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive organisms in the feces and thus failed to permit growth of Staph. aureus. In 1947 Selberg 4 reported a case of fatal staphylococcal enteritis in an infant receiving no antibiotics who was breast fed from a mother who had a staphylococcal mastitis. Cultures of the infant's stool yielded mainly Staph. aureus. The clinical course and laboratory and pathologic findings in

Antibiotic-induced Staphylococcal Enterocolitis

Antibiotic-induced Staphylococcal Enterocolitis

Antibiotic-induced Staphylococcal Enterocolitis

Antibiotic-induced Staphylococcal Enterocolitis

Antibiotic-induced Staphylococcal Enterocolitis

Antibiotic-induced Staphylococcal Enterocolitis

Post-operative staphylococcal enterocolitis during antibiotic therapy.

Post-operative staphylococcal enterocolitis during antibiotic therapy.

Management of postoperative pseudomembranous enterocolitis with shock; report of a case with recovery.

ALTHOUGH postoperative enterocolitis was first reported by Finney1 in 1893 and Dearing and Heilman2 mention cases encountered before the use of antibiotics, the syndrome known variously as pseudomembranous enteritis, staphylococcal enterocolitis and acute necrotizing enteritis has rarely been described until recently. The apparent increase seems to coincide with the greater use of the broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly of the tetracycline derivatives. The depression of the normal bacterial flora upsets the natural symbiotic balance, and may produce a fertile field for the unrestricted development of certain resistant virulent bacterial strains. Coagulase-positive hemolytic staphylococci have been incriminated in the fulminating enterocolitis. Two patients . . .

AUREOMYCIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROCOLITIS REPORT OF TWO FATAL CASES

AUREOMYCIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROCOLITIS REPORT OF TWO FATAL CASES