Standard Process Research Articles

Ten-year experience of laparoscopic partial splenectomy for patients with splenic benign lesions

BackgroundThe increasing comprehension of spleen function has led to the gradual endorsement of laparoscopic partial splenectomy (LPS) as a treatment option for benign spleen lesions. However, it is important to note that the LPS technique remains challenging. This study explores the standardized process and surgical techniques in LPS, aiming to promote the application of this technique. MethodsThe clinical data of 20 patients with benign cystic or solid spleen lesions who underwent LPS at Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University were retrospectively collected. Data include age, gender, imaging data, surgical process, and postoperative complications. Additionally, the surgical techniques and standardization process were recorded in detail. ResultsAll 20 cases completed LPS without conversion to laparotomy or splenectomy. The surgical time was 162.25 ± 37.96 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 93.00 ± 58.40 mL, no blood products were transfused during the operations, and the removed volume of the spleen was about 34.75 ± 12.19 %. There were no postoperative complications such as intra-abdominal bleeding, intra-abdominal infection, pancreatic fistula, and residual splenic infarction. Postoperative pleural effusion occurred in four cases, and symptoms improved after symptomatic treatment. The postoperative hospital stay was 7.0 ± 1.4 days. There were no perioperative deaths. The residual splenic vessels were normal during the follow-up period, and no vascular embolism occurred. ConclusionsLPS is a safe, feasible, and effective surgical method for patients with benign cystic or solid spleen lesions. Subsequently, mastering related surgical techniques and standardized surgical procedures can control the surgical risks in suitable cases, making LPS the standard procedure for treating benign spleen diseases.

Compact and fabrication tolerant polarization insensitive mode-order converter for MDM systems

With the increasing capacity demands of data communications, mode division multiplexing in on-chip optical interconnect systems is becoming an attractive solution. Compact, broadband, and fabrication-tolerant mode-order converters unaffected by polarizations are considered crucial for the progress of on-chip systems utilizing mode division multiplexing. A proposal for a design scheme for an on-chip mode-order converter that is insensitive to polarization is presented, utilizing a combination of 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The conversion of TE0/TM0-to-TE1/TM1 mode is achieved through phase matching between a subwavelength grating and an input–output tapered waveguide. Theoretical studies indicate that the TE0-to-TE1 and TM0-to-TM1 insertion losses are below 0.46 dB and 0.78 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The TE0-to-TE1 and TM0-to-TM1 insertion loss is under 1.0 dB, with crosstalk below −15 dB within the 190 nm (1432∼1622 nm) and 81 nm (1515∼1596 nm) operating ranges. Experimental data indicates that the device measuring 7 × 1.58 μm2 can successfully convert mode orders regardless of polarization within an 81 nm bandwidth (1515∼1596 nm), effectively doubling the data transmission capacity of the MDM system. In addition, the devices fabricated by a standard CMOS process demonstrate the potential for mass production.

271 Does social buffering amongst familiar weaned beef calves mitigate castration stressors?

Abstract Co-mingling of beef feeder calves from multiple sources results in biological and behavioral stressors. This study is part of a project exploring social relationships between individual beef cattle and potential benefits of social buffering during stress events. Here, the specific objective was to explore whether feeder calves form preferential relationships which buffer them from surgical castration pain. Within the experiment, two treatment groups were established: Familiar calves were defined as calves who shared a source farm with two other calves in the pen, and Unfamiliar calves were defined as calves who did not share a source with any other pen-mates. It was hypothesized that Familiar calves would exhibit more lying, fewer pain-related behaviors, and fewer agonistic interactions following surgical castration than Unfamiliar pen-mates. Weaned beef bull calves [n = 102, body weight (BW) range ± SD = 112.95 to 370.10 ± 67.8 kg] from 23 source farms were randomly assigned to home pens, each comprised of three Familiar calves and three Unfamiliar calves. Cameras placed above the pens recorded video from which postural (standing and lying), social (agonistic and bunk displacements) and pain-related behaviors (wound checking and hind leg stamping) were quantified. Cattle were handled through a hydraulic squeeze chute once weekly over four consecutive weeks for data collection and standard processing procedures. On d 14 relative to arrival, calves were surgically castrated with multimodal pain mitigation. During all processing events, calves were marked with livestock paint for behavioral observations. Behavior was observed continuously for 15 min at five different time points (0 h, 1 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h) relative to when the last calf returned to the home pen after processing, and researchers were blind to treatment allocation. These time periods corresponded to expected periods when pain was absent and present based on duration of local anesthesia and systemic pain relief. Calf was the experimental unit. For the purpose of this abstract, data from the 48 h periods following d 7 and 14 were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS; the model included treatment (Familiar, Unfamiliar) by week interaction. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significantly different. Regardless of treatment, preliminary analyses identified decreased lying (P < 0.02) and increased wound checking (P < 0.01) 48h following castration (d 14) when compared with the previous week (d 7). There were no observed differences for hindleg stamping (P = 0.2), agonistic behaviors (P > 0.06) or bunk displacement (P = 0.09). Based on preliminary analyses, we did not observe evidence of social buffering effects on castration stress during the immediate post-surgical period.

Ranking sports science and medicine interventions impacting team performance: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies in elite football

This study protocol describes a systematic method to identify, collect and rank sports science and medicine interventions most associated with optimising team performance in elite football in observational studies. While...

Enhancing bearing and gear fault diagnosis: A VMD-PSO approach with multisensory signal integration

In the domain of signal analysis for machinery health monitoring and fault diagnosis, this paper introduces a comprehensive methodology that integrates Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and advanced machine learning techniques. The primary objective of this framework is to establish a robust and precise approach for signal decomposition, determining the optimal number of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF), and calculating key indicators, including L2/L1, Hoyer Index, and Geometric Mean Improved Gini Index (GMIGI). The methodology initiates with VMD-based signal decomposition, followed by the utilization of PSO to identify the most appropriate number of IMFs for accurate feature extraction. Subsequently, each IMF’s performance is assessed by evaluating its correlation with the input signal, and the IMF with the highest Pearson coefficient is selected as the primary feature for diagnostic purposes. To ensure the robustness and comparability of these indicators, a standardization process is implemented. The standardized indicators are then employed for machinery fault diagnosis, utilizing a diverse set of machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines and discriminant analysis. The proposed methodology undergoes rigorous validation using vibration, acoustic, and current signals, providing a versatile solution for the condition monitoring and diagnosis of mechanical systems. For model validation, we utilize four datasets comprising two vibrational, one acoustic, and one electrical dataset. The experimental results affirm the effectiveness of our approach in accurately detecting and diagnosing faults, thereby contributing to the reliability and maintenance efficiency of industrial machinery.

Validation of the Spanish Version of the Voice-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Clinical Applications

Introduction: The present study aimed to validate the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL), vocal self-assessment questionnaire for Spanish. Methods: The validation and psychometric properties were developed according to the criteria of the Scientific Advisory Committee of Medical Outcomes Trust (SAC). The Spanish translation for linguistic and cultural adaptation of the V-RQOL was used. The study involved 193 participants, including 90 vocally healthy individuals and 103 patients with voice disorders, to establish validity. To evaluate reliability, the protocol was applied to 40 participants with dysphonia, who answered it twice before the treatment. Then to determine response changes, the responses of 13 dysphonic participants to the V-RQOL for Spanish were analyzed after intervention and then compared to the initial ones. Clinicians contrasted subjects’ V-RQOL results with a perceptual analysis of voice quality using the GRBAS scale. In order to determine sensitivity and specificity cut-off values, tools results were subjected to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The sensitivity was obtained from the experimental group (dysphonic group) and the specificity from the control group (non-dysphonic group). Results: This version of the V-RQOL questionnaire may be used as part of the standard assessment process of people with voice complaints and as an outcome of treatment efficacy in clinical trials. Conclusion: A validation of the V-RQOL for Spanish in Chilean population was achieved.

Involving lead users in firm’s standardization strategy within action groups: evidence from smart robotics

PurposeThis research explores how firms manage the complex technologies standardization in action groups. It considers the strategic issues that technology producers face when involving lead users in architecture design. Drawing on the multi-mode standardization literature, this study addresses two dilemmas regarding value creation and appropriation by technology producers within coalitions. The first dilemma is how to create value by developing solutions in compliance with industry standards. The second one is how to appropriate value while ensuring the technology sharing with action groups. The answers to these two dilemmas contribute to filling the research gap on value creation and appropriation in multi-mode standardization.Design/methodology/approachThe research focuses on technology producers participating in action groups where lead users play a crucial role. We conducted a qualitative analysis based on the standardization experience of a Japanese company specializing in smart robotics. Data are collected through semi-structured interviews with key actors. Action groups are defined operationally as a set of stakeholders including competitors of the technology producers, component suppliers, end users, services providers, research centers and academia. The case study is suitable for highlighting specific aspects of the standardization process during its manifestation. It reveals how firms create and appropriate value, providing details about its standardization strategy.FindingsOur findings show that smart robotics standardization is drivn by collaborative models, where the two dilemmas of value creation and appropriation are evident. Firstly, the case revealed that standardization is lead users oriented. Secondly, lead users’ involvement is crucial to customize technologies. Thirdly, the firm’s position is to share a part of the value with the members. The IPR policy is a matter of interest within action groups, since the collaboration is based on open innovation models to share patents and licenses related knowledge.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has some limitations attributable to the limited generalizability of the results due to the qualitative analysis. In addition, this study considers the perspective of technology producers, but should also take into account the perspective of both collective actions itself and the lead users. Findings have some implications in the strategy negotiation. Participating in action groups is not enough to ensure a competitive advantage. Involving lead users is of strategic importance to acquire a competitive advantage. Lead users contribute to the producers’ technology design, helping firms to differentiate solutions from the industry standard and create value from customized technologies.Practical implicationsThis study helps practitioners understand the competitive side of collective actions, clarifying the value capture and appropriability in standardization. The research provides insights to policymakers and standard development organizations committees when they are called to harmonize standards considering the fallouts on the sector’s competitiveness. Findings suggest appropriate property rights policies to manage the issues related to the value appropriability and technology sharing, recognizing action groups members for their contribution in value creation.Originality/valueThis study shows how firms deal within action groups with the two dilemmas of variety versus technology conformity and property rights versus technology sharing. It fills the research gap in collective actions, emphasizing the perspective of the individual firm in the group rather than the coalition strategy itself. This topic highlights the crucial role of lead users within action groups in managing the two dilemmas, offering a new perspective for understanding critical issues of multi-mode standardization. Reflecting on mechanisms and tools to manage the two dilemmas allows firms to protect their competitive advantage in coalitions.

Historical development of passive optical network (PON): a review

Abstract Communication networks are forced to transition to optical access networks in order to boost the information rate of transmission due to huge utilization of internet. Passive optical networks (PONs) are a highly developed and promising technology that offers low cost design, high bandwidth, and information rate for both residential and commercial use. PON uses the passive components incorporating couplers, splitters, as well as combiners. Compared to modern access networks, PON features bidirectional capabilities, cost-effectiveness, high resource efficiency, transparency, privacy, flexibility, along with upgradeability. Due to these ever increasing demands for high bandwidth, high capacity, and long reach communication for next generation networks, next generation passive optical networks (NG-PONs) are optimum choice. It provides cost-effective, energy efficient network architecture and can be realized in integrated wired/wireless network scenarios for fronthaul/backhaul data transmissions. This paper reviews the standardization process of PON that led to the development of the NG-PON. The detail literature review of various technologies related to PON and NG-PON has been conducted. Potential drawbacks of NG-PON as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies are also discussed besides the future scope. Meanwhile it offers long haul high bandwidth hybrid scenarios. The futuristic PON networks may be realized for high undersea, satellite, and beyond sixth generation (6G) networks.

Review: Pengaruh Efektivitas Ekstrak Kopi Arabika Sebagai Antioksidan Dan Bentuk Sediaan Farmakologi

Indonesia is a country abundant in natural resources. Indonesia is home to a large number of Arabica coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) which are now highly valued internationally. This plant is known to have various biological effectiveness, especially due to the antioxidant content of Arabica coffee extract. Based on reviews, Arabica coffee extract has significant antioxidant capacity, containing bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acid and caffeine. In society, Arabica coffee is generally used as herbal medicine and drinks with standard processing. However, current research and reviews continue to develop various formulations and innovations from Arabica coffee to increase its therapeutic benefits. Several pharmacological dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, creams, and serums have been successfully developed to maximize the therapeutic benefits of Arabica coffee extract. This article will discuss comprehensively the chemical content, biological activity, and various innovative formulations that have been developed from Arabica coffee. All of this shows that Arabica coffee has great potential to be further developed as an effective active ingredient in various therapeutic applications, making a significant contribution to the fields of health and medicine.

Federating governance, access and infrastructure to support researcher use of synthetic data

Synthetic Data has the potential to improve efficiency of data analysis for researchers. However, there is no standard approach to synthetic data governance, access controls or infrastructure requirements, and researchers may face inconsistencies in how they can access or use synthetic data across trusted research environments. We present a federated solution taken by the Scottish Safe Haven Network to address these barriers to facilitate researcher use of synthetic data. We documented and evaluated existing governance pathways, access controls and infrastructure design for non-synthetic data across the Network, recognising uniformity and establishing equivalence using the 5 Safes framework, ISO27001 standards and the SATRE TRE specification. We also interviewed current and potential researchers using our trusted research environments to identify common use cases for accessing synthetic data. We then mapped researcher requirements against the documented equivalencies, validating with current and prospective users. We identified several use cases: to undertake feasibility studies, to understand dataset structure and format and to write analysis code whilst waiting on the project-specific data to be provided. By mapping the use cases onto existing governance and access processes and infrastructure designs, we were able to agree to a standard application process, access control mechanism, and infrastructure platform across the Network to provide a consistent process for researchers. A federated approach to synthetic data access will improve the speed at which research can be conducted as well as improving the transparency and consistency of data governance and access across organisations, ultimately improving the experience for researchers using TREs.

Implementing Grover’s on AES-based AEAD schemes

Extensive research is currently underway to determine the security of existing ciphers in light of the advancements in quantum computing. Against symmetric key cryptography, Grover’s search algorithm is a prominent attack, capable of reducing search costs to the square root. For using Grover’s algorithm, it is imperative to embed the target cipher into a quantum circuit. Even so, this area of research is relatively new; it has garnered significant attention from the research community. In this study, we provide the first estimation of the cost of Grover’s key search attack against the AES-based AEAD schemes Rocca-S, AEGIS-128, and Tiaoxin-346. Our analysis considers circuit depth restrictions specified in NIST’s PQC standardization process. Considering NIST’s maximum depth constraints, We present the overall cost of these attacks using gate count and depth-times-width metrics. We observed that for MAXDEPTH=240\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extsf{MAXDEPTH} = 2^{40}$$\\end{document}, Rocca-S, AEGIS-128, and Tiaoxin-346 can be retrieved using Grover’s search algorithm with gate count of 1.09 × 2253, 1.14 × 2124, and 1.22 × 2124 respectively. Concerning the current updated values by NIST, these ciphers are secure in terms of the cost of implementing Grover’s attack for key recovery. The quantum circuits of these ciphers are implemented using QISKIT, an open-source software development kit (SDK) designed for working with quantum computers running on the IBM Quantum Experience platform.

On discovery of novel hub genes for ER+ and TN breast cancer types through RNA seq data analyses and classification models

Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant neoplasm which is classified into various types defined by underlying molecular factors such as estrogen receptor positive (ER+), progesterone receptor positive (PR+), human epidermal growth factor positive (HER2+) and triple negative (TNBC). Early detection of ER+ and TNBC is crucial in the choice of diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategy. Here we report the key genes associated to ER+ and TNBC using RNA-Seq analysis and machine learning models. Three ER+ and TNBC RNA seq datasets comprising 164 patients in-toto were selected for standard NGS hierarchical data processing and data analyses protocols. Enrichment pathway analysis and network analysis was done and finally top hub genes were identified. To come with a reliable classifier which could distinguish the distinct transcriptome patterns associated to ER+ and TNBC, ML models were built employing Naïve Bayes, SVM and kNN. 1730 common DEG’s exhibiting significant logFC values with 0.05 p-value threshold were identified. A list of top ten hub genes were screened on the basis of maximal clique centrality (MCC) which included CDC20, CDK1, BUB1, AURKA, CDCA8, RRM2, TTK, CENPF, CEP55 and NDC80.These genes were found to be involved in crucial cell cycle pathways. k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) model was observed to be best classifier with accuracy 84%, specificity 66% and sensitivity 95% to differentiate between ER+ and TNBC RNA-Seq transcriptomes. Our screened list of 10 hub genes can thus help unearth novel molecular signatures implicated in ER+ and TNBC onset, prognosis and design of novel protocols for breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

Enabling PERK and other MPC-in-the-Head Signatures on Resource-Constrained Devices

One category of the digital signatures submitted to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process for Additional Digital Signature Schemes comprises proposals constructed leveraging the MPC-in-the-Head (MPCitH) paradigm. Typically, this framework is characterized by the computation and storage in sequence of large data structures both in signing and verification algorithms, resulting in heavy memory consumption. While some research on the efficiency of these schemes on high-performance machines has been done, studying their performance and optimization on resource-constrained ones still needs to be explored. In this work, we aim to address this gap by (1) introducing a general method to reduce the memory footprint of MPCitH schemes and analyzing its application to several MPCitH proposed schemes in the NIST Standardization Process. Additionally, (2) we conduct a detailed examination of potential memory optimizations in PERK, resulting in a streamlined version of the signing and verification algorithms with a reduced memory footprint ranging from 22 to 85 KB, down from the original 0.3 to 6 MB. Finally, (3) we introduce the first implementation of PERK tailored for Arm Cortex M4 alongside extensive experiments and comparisons against reference implementations.

Lodestar DX, an evaluation: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in symptomatic adult females.

Over 404.6 million people are affected worldwide each year by urinary tract infections (UTIs), with ∼237 000 associated deaths globally in 2019. Much more common in women than men, acute UTI occurs in up to 50% of the female population. Despite this, there is a lack of good diagnostic tools for use at the point-of-care, and over- and under-diagnosis are common, leading to long-term complications and patient suffering, and driving the spread of antimicrobial resistance through insufficient appropriate antibiotic stewardship. To evaluate the performance of a novel point-of-care testing platform, Lodestar DX, in comparison with standard laboratory processing of urine specimens. A total of 199 fresh urine samples from symptomatic adult females suspected of having an acute UTI were tested using Lodestar DX and the results compared with standard laboratory methods performed at a local microbiology laboratory. Using standard laboratory methods, 129/199 samples produced a result and could be compared. Overall sensitivity and specificity of Lodestar DX were 88.1% (95% CI: 77.8%-94.7%) and 83.9% (95% CI: 72.3%-92.0%), respectively (n = 129), with a positive predictive value of 85.5% (95% CI: 76.9%-91.3%), a negative predictive value of 86.7% (95% CI: 77.1%-92.6%) and an overall accuracy of 86.1% (95% CI: 78.9%-91.5%). The results show good correlation between Lodestar DX results and those of the standard laboratory method for this patient group. However, the platform would benefit from further testing to establish its true point-of-care compatibility and a direct comparison between this and other testing methods, such as urine dipstick testing.

Quality improvement in medicines regulation: a retrospective analysis of the Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone before and during quality management system implementation

BackgroundNational Medicines Regulatory Authorities like the Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone are responsible for protecting and promoting public health, implementing regulatory standards, and maintaining a supply chain with an assured supply of medical products that are safe, effective, and of good quality. This retrospective study assesses the identification of substandard and falsified medicines, the changes in the functions and key indicators of assessment, and the quality improvement changes of the Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone.MethodsData was obtained from 2013 to 2021 records using a data collection tool to collate and review all relevant information to address the different objectives. All data were sourced from the Department of Quality Assurance and the Department of Enforcement and Narcotics at the Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone. The review also included, identified substandard and falsified medicines, the World Health Organisation Global benchmarking self-assessment tool, and internal and external audit records of the quality management system of all twelve departments of the Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone.ResultsThe study showed marked changes in identifying substandard and falsified medicines by the Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone during ISO 9001:2015 implementation (2017- 2020) compared to Pre-ISO 9001:2015 implementation (2013- 2016). Critical functions of the Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone from the assessment of the WHO GBT ML in 2016 and 2021 showed that several indicators had been addressed during ISO 9001:2015 certification with improvement in the level of maturity for the quality management systems and Pharmacovigilance functions. There was also an improvement in identifying non-conformances and a commitment to continuous improvement of processes during ISO 9001:2015 implementation.ConclusionsThis study revealed that regular checks through standard assessment, internal audits, and standard management review processes that generate follow-up actions, timelines, and a commitment to identifying correction, and corrective actions for non-conformances are essential quality improvement tools for the efficient functioning of an institution (Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone). Our study revealed that commitment to continuous implementation of proper quality management system could significantly improve institutional efficiency, thereby improving service delivery and customer satisfaction.

The Study of Geographical Distribution in the Analysis of Domestication as an Evolutionary Process: Tensions in Alphonse de Candolle’s Approach

Interest in the study of domesticated plants increased near the end of the 18th century, mainly because of their economic potential. In the 19th century, there was a new focus on the historical understanding of species, their origin, changes in their distribution, and their evolutionary history. Charles Darwin developed an extended interpretation of species domestication, considering variations, reproduction, inheritance, and modification as standard processes between wild and domesticated organisms. In this context, one relatively neglected aspect was the geographical distribution of domesticated species. Alphonse de Candolle addressed and developed in detail the question of the geographical origin of cultivated plants. Since 1836 Alphonse de Candolle had been studying the topic and obtained evidence that contributed to understanding aspects such as the center of origin, dispersion, competition, selection, and time of domestication. Although Darwin himself admitted that Géographie botanique raisonnée (de Candolle, Alphonse,de. Géographie botanique raisonnée; ou, exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’epoque actuelle, 2ème tome. Paris: Masson.) was of great help to him in the development of his evolutionary theory, the importance of de Candolle’s contribution is seldom recognized. Our purpose is to detail the dialogue between Alphonse de Candolle and Darwin on the geography of domesticated plants, to understand some of the most critical discussions that contributed to the reinterpretation of domestication under the Darwinian proposal of modified descent.

Description of a new method to calculate the equator of the crystalline lens using AS-OCT images: Accuracy in non-dilated measurements.

To establish a methodology for objectively estimating the Lens Equatorial Plane (LEP) from clinical images, comparing LEP with dilated versus non-dilated pupils. A cohort of 91 eyes from 60 patients undergoing preoperative assessments for cataract surgery was evaluated. Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) images were analysed under conditions of pharmacologically induced pupil dilation versus a non-dilated pupil. Geometrical parameters, including LEP, intersection diameter (ID), lens thickness (LT), anterior and posterior lens thickness were automatically calculated by applying standard image processing techniques to clinical AS-OCT images. Significant differences in lens parameters, including LEP, were observed between dilated and non-dilated conditions (all p < 0.001). A strong linear correlation was found across all geometrical variables under both conditions (r[LEP] = 0.64, r[ID] = 0.78, r[LT] = 0.99, all p < 0.001); enabling reliable correction of these differences. The study introduces an objective methodology for LEP calculation, emphasising the need to consider the eye's physiological state during preoperative measurements. Incorporating LEP into future intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas and replacing the habitual effective lens position may potentially improve the accuracy of IOL power estimation and thus postoperative visual outcomes.

Extraction of Iris Characteristics Using a Combination Transform for Biometric Any individual Identification

The iris of the eye is used as an identifying and affirmative biometric in many vital applications such as banking and airports.And iris identification is one of the most reliable and accurate biometric identification systems available due to its stability and lack of sensitivity to longevity. In this article, authorized standard processes such as iris segmentation, normalization, and feature extraction were utilized to examine the iris of the eye. The circular hough transform is used for iris segmentation, while the daughman rubber-sheet model is used for iris picture normalization. Using a combination transform consisting of four consecutive transforms, feature encoding was employed to restore the most distinguishing aspects of irises. The 2-D fast fourier transform (FFT), radon transform, 1-D inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT), and 1-D discrete multi-wavelet transform are all examples of transforms. For pattern clustering, the kohonen self-organizing feature map (SOFM) was employe to the group that distinguished information vectors of the iris image features extracted using the combination transforms in order to visualize the close proximity of comparable irises features and scatter dissimilar ones. The matching process is carried out between test iris images and target iris photos of 224 people from the IITD database, with the similarity measured using the euclidian distance metric A part investigates the change of the parameters: FRR, FAR, TSR) of different collections of the PID and POD with the threshold levels (90:10,80:20,70:30,60:40,50:50) that resulted EER for the various thresholds are 0.070,0.070,0.080,0.090 and 0.095 respectively. The suggested approach yielded a TSR of 98% when compared to conventional methods.

Comparative Analysis of Essential Oil Profiles From Emprit Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) Grown in Different Locations and Antibacterial Activity Againts Staphylococcus aureus

Indonesia, as a tropical country, boasts significant biodiversity, particularly regarding its flora and fauna. The country's medicinal plants are one inherited natural resource passed down through generations. The "emprit ginger” (Zingiber officinale var. amarum), a native Indonesian medicinal plant, is often employed in treating various diseases. Scientifically, the primary constituent of emprit ginger is the phenolic ketone homolog compound, gingerol, known for its antioxidant activity. In addition to its antioxidant potential, emprit ginger exhibits potential as an antibacterial agent. However, herbal substances used for therapeutic purposes often yield inconsistent effects due to the fluctuating chemical composition in the plants, typically a result of varying growing locations. These location differences can cause discrepancies in the content of active metabolites. Therefore, data on the chemical profile of medicinal plants is paramount for the standardization process. This study was conducted by obtaining essential oils from the rhizomes of emprit ginger, extracted via steam distillation obtained from various cultivation lands in Ponorogo, Magetan, Pacitan, Wonogiri, Karanganyar, Boyolali, Semarang, Magelang, Purworejo, Temanggung, Wonosobo, Banyumas, Bantul, and Kulonprogo. One of the efforts in standardizing natural materials involves the analysis of their metabolite profiles. The emprit ginger essential oil profile was obtained through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) testing. The emprit ginger essential oil profile was analyzed using a multivariate calibration of Principal Component Analysis utilizing SIMCA 17 software. Antibacterial activities were assessed using the microdilution method on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The analysis of antibacterial activity was determined using the Probit analysis method to ascertain the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 50 value. This study also involved the extraction of essential oils from emprit ginger rhizomes. The individual profiles of these essential oils were determined via Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The essential oil profiles of emprit ginger were subjected to a multivariate calibration using Principal Component Analysis facilitated by the SIMCA 17 software. Antibacterial activity tests were conducted using the microdilution method on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The antibacterial activity was ascertained using probit analysis to derive the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 50 (MIC 50) values. The highest MIC 50 of emprit ginger rhizome on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was found in samples from Wonogiri, with a concentration of 0.3408%. Compounds displaying significant discriminative influence on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria included Z-Citral, Geranyl acetate, Zingiberenol, Beta-Myrcene, (1S0-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-ene, and Bicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl, exo-(CAS)

Fully tunable Fabry-Pérot cavity based on MEMS Sagnac loop reflector with ultra-low static power consumption

The Fabry-Pérot interferometer, a fundamental component in optoelectronic systems, offers interesting applications such as sensors, lasers, and filters. In this work, we show a tunable Fabry-Pérot cavity consisting of tunable Sagnac loop reflectors (SLRs) and phase shifters based on electrostatic microelectromechanical (MEMS) actuator. The fabrication process of the device is compatible with the standard wafer-level silicon photonics fabrication processes. This electrostatic actuation mechanism provides well-balanced, scalable pathways for efficient tuning methodologies. The extinction ratio of the continuously tunable SLRs’ reflectivity is larger than 20 dB. Full 2π phase shifting is achieved, and response times of all the components are less than 25 μs. Both actuators have extremely low static power, measuring under 20 fW and the energy needed for tuning is both below 20 pJ.