Standards Of Service Provision Research Articles

LEGAL REGULATION OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF NON-BANKING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

The purpose of the article is to distinguish between the regulatory and legal approaches to the interpretation of the definitions of "supervision" and "control"; to establish the general purpose of control and supervision over the activities of non-bank financial institutions; to consider the methods of regulatory and legal regulation of verification and identification of the client when concluding a loan agreement. The scientific discussion on the problem of legal regulation of control and supervision over the activities of non-banking financial institutions is presented. It is established that the need to form an effective state regulation of the development of the national economy and economic institutions in a market environment leads to the creation of an effective system of financial control. The concepts of "financial control" and "control function of finance" are distinguished. It is determined that the basis of the control function of finance is the movement of financial resources, and through the implementation of financial control the possibility of influencing the process of production, accounting and consumption is realized. The conclusion is made that rating agencies and credit history bureaus should become necessary elements of the system of state regulation and supervision by the National Bank of Ukraine over the activities of non-state financial institutions, which should occupy a mandatory place in information stories related to the regulation of supervision and the use of other administrative and legal means of control over the activities of non-state financial institutions. Results. The concepts of control and supervision over the activities of non-banking financial institutions are distinguished; the peculiarities of the formation of rating agencies and ensuring the effective operation of credit history bureaus are established; indicative criteria for assessing the necessary degree of supervision over the activities of a credit company were determined, which include: the book value of assets; market share of the credit company; the number of previous violations of the law. It is established that the main control and supervisory functions of the National Bank of Ukraine are: protection of clients' rights, compliance with the standards of service provision and requirements for their advertising; ensuring transparency and disclosure of information; ensuring impeccable business reputation of owners and managers; counteracting anti-competitive activities; combating abuse and illegal activities; control over the exercise of their powers.

A rapid review of variation in the use of dental general anaesthetics in children.

Introduction The use of dental general anaesthetics (DGAs) remains a cause for concern due to additional strains placed on health services. There are numerous factors influencing the prevalence and use of DGAs, and understanding these is an important first step in addressing the issue.Aim Conduct a rapid review of current peer-reviewed and grey literature on the variation in the use of DGAs in children.Methods Electronic searching using Medline via Ovid covering DGA articles from 1998 onwards, written in English. Publication types included primary and secondary sources from peer-reviewed journals and reports, as well as grey literature.Results From 935 results, 171 articles were included in the final review. Themes emerging from the literature included discussions of DGA variation, variations in standards of service provision by health services, and the socio-demographic and geographical characteristics of children. Prominent socio-demographic and geographical characteristics included age, other health conditions, ethnic and cultural background, socioeconomic status and deprivation, and geographical location.Conclusions This review identified numerous variations in the patterns associated with DGA provision and uptake at both a health service and individual level. The findings demonstrate the complicated and multifaceted nature of DGA practices worldwide.

РОЛЬ ПРУДЕНЦІЙНОГО НАГЛЯДУ У СФЕРІ НАГЛЯДУ ЗА СТРАХОВОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ В УКРАЇНІ

The article investigates the current state of the insurance market in Ukraine and the history of its formation. The existing problems that hinder the progressive development of the market and attract investment are considered. Attention is paid to the latest legislative state regulation of financial services markets (banking and non-banking) by one regulator (NBU) and the expediency of its introduction in the non-banking financial sector and its further role. The main levers by which Ukraine will be able to obtain a financial system that meets international standards have been identified. The focus is on the provisions of the EU Solvency ll Directive and the requirements and standards set out therein. It also substantiates the feasibility of securing prudential supervision of insurers, which defines its peculiarities and mechanisms by which it operates effectively. The experience of countries that have already introduced this type of surveillance is explored. A number of significant changes have been identified, among which are the following: transparent financial statements, new standards for service provision, extension of oversight functions of the Authorized Body, etc., which will allow for the proper protection of the rights of consumers of financial services. Purpose: to analyze the international norms and standards according to which insurers operate within the European Union. Do the research on the EU Directive (Solvency ll) and the feasibility of its implementation in national legislation. The advantages and disadvantages of prudential supervision of insurers have been identified. Methods: General and specific cognition methods have been involved in the writing of the work. Historical method, comparative-legal method, system-structural analysis method and formal-logical methods have been used as the basis of the research methodology. Results: justification for the introduction of a new transparent financial reporting system in the future; the need to create a new internal insurer risk assessment system and new capital adequacy requirements. Conclusions: A number of advantages and disadvantages of current changes and further transformation of domestic legislation in the field of insurance supervision to the best international standards have been identified. It examines what changes the insurance market of Ukraine is going through and what to expect from insurers in the coming years, what costs will have to be incurred and what they will receive as a result. The focus is on protecting the rights of consumers of financial services to prevent events occurring in the insurance market more than 25 years ago.

СВІТОВІ ПРАКТИКИ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ НАДАННЯ ПОСЛУГ З ПРАЦЕВЛАШТУВАННЯ

The article highlights the main trends in the introduction of digital technologies in the practice of providing employment services. In the system of socio-economic phenomena an important place is occupied by the categories of «employment» and «unemployment». These categories characterize the state of realization of the right of citizens to work, receiving remuneration, etc. Scientific and technological progress and innovative breakthrough in the development of information technology have led to changes in all spheres of public life. This became the basis for the realization of the need to reengineer economic and organizational models and processes, the reorientation of the educational system and the labor market in particular. One of the world trends of today is the redistribution of work functions between people, digital technologies and algorithms, machines. It is expected that by 2022, 62% of production tasks for data processing, retrieval and transmission of information will be performed by machines. Web portals on employment in the United Kingdom, the United States, Singapore, employment offices in Poland and Estonia were analyzed. It is also expected that the share of tasks in administrative and information retrieval, information analysis and decision-making will increase in all areas of activity, and in the future this is expected in the areas of personal communication and interaction, consulting, management. Ukraine is currently decentralizing its management and digitizing all areas of activity. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of social and industrial activity. It is proved that the introduction of digital tools in the practice of providing employment services is a global trend and proposals for their introduction at the national level have been formed. Introduction of new forms and tools of service provision, modernization of existing ones requires observance of the principles of continuity, system and coherence, as well as ensuring quality standards of service provision. During its existence, the employment service has introduced technologies to provide services to customers, which have proven their effectiveness and efficiency. However, the development of information technology, the expansion of communication channels, globalization processes and pandemic challenges raise the need to understand and implement change.

2016 IANS International Guidelines for Practice Standards in the Detection of Anal Cancer Precursors.

To define minimum standards for provision of services and clinical practice in the investigation of anal cancer precursors. After initial face to face meetings of experts at the International Papillomavirus meeting in Lisbon, September 17 to 21, 2015, a first version was drafted and sent to key stakeholders. A complete draft was reviewed by the Board of the International Anal Neoplasia Society (IANS) and uploaded to the IANS Web site for all members to provide comments. The final draft was ratified by the IANS Board on June 22, 2016. The essential components of a satisfactory high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) were defined. Minimum standards of service provision, basic competencies for clinicians, and standardized descriptors were established. Quality assurance metrics proposed for practitioners included a minimum of 50 HRAs per year and identifying 20 cases or more of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Technically unsatisfactory anal cytological samples at first attempt in high-risk populations should occur in less than 5% of cases. Where cytological HSIL has been found, histological HSIL should be identified in ≥ 90% of cases. Duration of HRA should be less than 15 minutes in greater than 90% of cases. Problematic pain or bleeding should be systematically collected and reported by 10% or lesser of patients. These guidelines propose initial minimum competencies for the clinical practice of HRA, against which professionals can judge themselves and providers can evaluate the effectiveness of training. Once standards have been agreed upon and validated, it may be possible to develop certification methods for individual practitioners and accreditation of sites.

An initial analysis on the variation in health service provision for older people in Wales

To consider the provision of services to older people in Wales and to undertake an initial analysis, without judgement, of the variation that might exist. Wales has a National Service Framework for Older People which presents evidence-based standards for service provision. Analysis of one of these standards has suggested that there is variation in practice within Wales. A ‘realist review’ was undertaken using the search engine ‘Pubmed’. The method has been used in other situations and the ‘realist reviewer’ makes annotated comments on documents and extracts a summary of messages. Certain broad themes emerge from the studies included. Primarily, there is an observed variation in the provision of a number of services in Wales. Variations appear in the provision of health services to older people in Wales. Establishing a research, policy and practice interface arrangement which includes researchers, providers and policy makers may be helpful.

Are primary care-based sexually transmitted infection services in the UK delivering public health benefit?

Sexual health services in primary care, known in the UK as local enhanced services in sexual health (LESSH), aim to increase access to sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening and treatment. Little is known about the characteristics, quality or public health impact of these services. We identified national standards for service provision, and evaluated LESSH against them using a structure, process and outcome approach. Clinical structure and process standards were generally well met, with the exception of partner notification provision. However, public health and outcome measures were largely unascertainable and often undefined in the standards. If the primary care STI services are to deliver public health benefit, improved outcome measures and data collection are required.

Regulation of reproductive technologies is long overdue

Regulation of reproductive technologies is long overdue

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF LEGAL CHANGE ON NON-PROFIT AND FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS - The case of the Israeli longterm care insurance law

This article evaluates the impact of legal change on non-profit and for-profit organizations providing home care services mandated in the Israeli Long-Term Care Insurance Law, through the lens of neo-institutional and resource dependency theories. The findings of the study, which was conducted over a ten-year period, revealed that the distinctions between organizations in the two sectors are blurring due to coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphism. Considerable dependence on government funding provided for in the law forces these organizations to adopt behavior that conforms to government policies and standards for service provision. Moreover, the growing tendency toward mimetic behavior and the increasing proportion of professional workers in both sectors causes for-profit and non-profit organizations to adopt similar bureaucratic behavior and organizational structures.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF LEGAL CHANGE ON NON-PROFIT AND FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS - The case of the Israeli longterm care insurance law

This article evaluates the impact of legal change on non-profit and for-profit organizations providing home care services mandated in the Israeli Long-Term Care Insurance Law, through the lens of neo-institutional and resource dependency theories. The findings of the study, which was conducted over a ten-year period, revealed that the distinctions between organizations in the two sectors are blurring due to coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphism. Considerable dependence on government funding provided for in the law forces these organizations to adopt behavior that conforms to government policies and standards for service provision. Moreover, the growing tendency toward mimetic behavior and the increasing proportion of professional workers in both sectors causes for-profit and non-profit organizations to adopt similar bureaucratic behavior and organizational structures.

Quality in Group Day Care Provision: UK self‐assessment models in Hungarian day care centres

The importance of quality in the provision of day care services for young children is well established. A project designed to address issues of assessing, maintaining and enhancing standards of service provision in the UK developed a set of self‐assessment materials for use in group day care settings. This paper describes a project to evaluate whether versions of the same materials might be effective in group day care settings in Hungary. Differences and similarities between service provision in the UK and Hungary are described. In a study involving 76 Hungarian day care centres, > 80% of staff involved thought using the materials raised their awareness of quality issues, although the materials did not have a significant impact on the quality of care provided. Key differences between service provision in the UK and Hungary are identified as influencing the potential effectiveness of the materials in assessing, maintaining and enhancing quality.

Protocol for assessing services for people with severe mental illness.

The Clinical Standards Advisory Group was asked by UK health ministers to advise on the standards of clinical care being achieved for people with schizophrenia. A subcommittee commissioned a review of standards, followed by research into how far these were reflected in contracts and met by providers. No comprehensive but practical set of standards was found. A protocol of 143 items of good service practice was constructed, and applied by teams visiting services in II UK districts. The team appraisals were summarised in 20 key points, each scored 0 (absent) to 4 (excellent performance). Seven points were used to assess standards of commissioning and 13 for standards of service provision. When placed into rank order, the mean key point scores for commissioners and providers in the same district tended to be very similar. Total district scores were then used to assign districts to one of three groups. Four performed reasonably well, five were moderate and two were poor. One of the key elements associated with these differences was the local level of morale. After wide consultation, a revised protocol of 26 key points for direct rating was drawn up and has since been further tested.

Orthopaedic manipulative physiotherapy in South Africa

To ensure effective patient care, all members of the health team should review professional competency and standards of service provision. A questionnaire was sent to all members of the orthopaedic Manipulative Therapists group (OMTG) to establish their qualification and skills, and the scope of practice of Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapy (OMT) physiotherapists. It included a short self and peer review. The results of this study urge the NEC of the OMTG to address pertinent issues that were raised: post-graduate study, international trends, research, dissemination of knowledge, quality assurance, professional image and prophylactic programmes in a primary health care system.

Sickle cell disorders

In 1993 the Standing Medical Advisory Committee (SMAC) produced a report on sickle cell/thalassaemia and other haemoglobinopathies outlining standards for service provision for suffers with recommendations to improve comprehensive care for families and communities where sickle cell disorders are found. The gene for sickle haemoglobin (HbS) has autosomal recessive expression and is a single defect in which substitution of glutamic acid at position 6 by valine occurs in the 13 chain. HbS although stable in the oxygenated state, undergoes molecular polymerisation in the deoxygenated state causing sickling of erythrocytes. The incidence and inheritance of sickle haemoglobin provides a fascinating epidemiological model as the presence of one gene for HbS in sickle cell trait (HbAS) provides relative resistance to malaria, and hence enhanced survival of these individuals in malarial areas.

Translating Medical Science Into Medical Practice

As medical therapy becomes ever more effective, the need to make the fruits of scientific progress available to all who need them becomes increasingly more urgent. One way is to establish guidelines or standards for provision of services of proven value and to monitor compliance with those recommendations. In their carefully done and provocative study of ambulatory testing in Medicare patients, Weiner et al 1 provide disturbing evidence of a substantial shortfall in the provision of several key diagnostic tests for monitoring patients with diabetes mellitus. See also p 1503. The use of claims data to assess quality of care has been repeatedly criticized, primarily because of its lack of clinical detail and inaccuracies in coding. While these deficiencies limit the usefulness of claims data for evaluating outcomes such as mortality and complications, they are less relevant here because the authors have confined their analysis to the question of whether

Mexico City: The Supply of a Primary Health Care Service

By 1990 social and economic deterioration in Mexico City Mexico had exacerbated operational structural and financial difficulties in the primary health care (PHC) system. Duplication of health services by the two social security schemes for those employed by the state or private sector--Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social (IMSS) and the Instituto de Seguridad y Servicos Sociales de los Trabajadores al Servico del Estado (ISSSTE)--and the state-subsidized Secretaria de Salud y Asistencia (SSA) persisted despite attempts at amalgamation. All three services emphasize curative rather than preventive care. Moreover only 17.8% of eligible low-income Mexico City residents are active registered users of the SSAs PHC centers. Between 1982-86 the SSA budget was reduced by 29% forcing some PHC centers to institute service fees and many physicians to seek employment elsewhere. Recommended to improve this situation is conversion of the SSA health service to an exclusively PHC-oriented system with IMSS and ISSSTE providing secondary and tertiary care by referral. This alternative is viable because SSA is the institution with the largest spatial distribution of existing PHC centers. These centers must have a guaranteed standard of service provision that can be maintained regardless of economic conditions however. Without radical changes SSA will continue to be regarded as the service of the poor and equity issues will remain unaddressed. Such an effort will require health promotion campaigns that emphasize the value of preventive health care.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEMAND FOR LABOUR IN ENGLAND AND WALES*

An explanation of the implications for the labor demand of local publ ic sector units when decision making is jointly in the hands of elect ed politicians valuing their security of office and a permanent burea ucracy gaining satisfaction from employment size. The constraints on their behavior come from tax-paying voter-consumers and a grant-award ing higher government which also sets minimum standards of service pr ovision. While the argument is developed in terms of a Stone-Geary fo rmulation, empirical considerations dictate the estimation of an appr oximate system. The central hypotheses do not receive strong support, although a clear role emerges for ideology. Copyright 1987 by Scottish Economic Society.

A New Financial Framework for the Local Authority Education Service in Britain

In this paper, the point is argued that the British block grant system for local government finance is becoming increasingly inappropriate as a means of achieving both equalisation and control of local spending. It calls for a separate educational block grant which would facilitate achievement of both these objectives. Furthermore, it would clarify the fields of responsibility of British central and local government by integrating the concept of minimum standards of service provision into the grant system.

Hinterland Politics

The Royal Commission on Local Government in England argued that size and proximity to an urban centre were important factors in explaining the differing degrees of parish political activity. This paper examines in more detail the reasons for the differing degrees of activity drawing upon my study in the Oxford area for illustrative examples. It must be emphasized at the very outset that the main objective of this paper is to suggest reasons for the variations in activity and not to compare the degrees of political activity in the Oxford area. In particular, I argue that proximity to an urban centre (location within the immediate hinterland) is more important than size and that there are three distinguishing features associated with location within the immediate hinterland. The distinguishing features are the rapidly growing parishes (size); the high expectations of suburban residents with regard to the standard of service provision (expectations); and the under-representation of the immediate hinterland on the County Council and the Rural District Councils (under-representation).