Technology Standards Research Articles

Adaptive AI Alignment: Established Resources for Aligning Machine Learning with Human Intentions and Values in Changing Environments

AI Alignment is a term used to summarize the aim of making artificial intelligence (AI) systems behave in line with human intentions and values. There has been little consideration in previous AI Alignment studies of the need for AI Alignment to be adaptive in order to contribute to the survival of human organizations in changing environments. This research gap is addressed here by defining human intentions and values in terms of survival biophysics: entropy, complexity, and adaptive behavior. Furthermore, although technology alignment has been a focus of studies for more than thirty years, there has been little consideration in AI Alignment studies of established resources for aligning technologies. Unlike the current focus of AI Alignment on addressing potential AI risks, technology alignment is generally focused on aligning with opportunities. Established resources include the critical realist philosophy of science, scientific theories, total quality management practices, technology alignment methods, engineering techniques, and technology standards. Here, these established resources are related to the alignment of different types of machine learning with different levels of human organizations. In addition, established resources are related to a well-known hypothetical extreme example of AI Misalignment, and to major constructs in the AI Alignment literature. Overall, it is argued that AI Alignment needs to be adaptive in order for human organizations to be able to survive in changing environments, and that established resources can facilitate Adaptive AI Alignment which addresses risks while focusing on opportunities.

Performance of sCO2 Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Techno-Economic Perspective as Gas Turbine Bottoming Cycle

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycles are compact, cost-effective and widely adaptable to various heat sources, including the waste heat from gas turbine (GT) exhaust gases. While the addition of a steam cycle enhances the typical 40% efficiency of GTs up to 60%, their substantial investments render them less appealing for smaller GTs. This creates an opportunity for sCO2 cycles, but a comprehensive comparison of their performance with that of steam across a range of applications remains lacking. Moreover, their applicability to various industrial scenarios based on existing installations is missing from a techno-economic standpoint. To address these needs, four promising sCO2 cycles are evaluated and optimized using Aspen, and compared with the simple steam cycle. Their techno-economic performances are then investigated for 20 industrial GTs of different size up to the larger combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) units incorporating amine-based carbon capture systems. Due to the significant investments required by the carbon capture unit, the implementation of a CC unit is only investigated for the largest CCGT units. The analysis yielded performance maps demonstrating comparable performances for sCO2 and steam cycles, as well as significant techno-economic advantages for sCO2 bottoming cycles for smaller GTs. However, when it comes to larger GTs combined with reheats and expansions steam cycles, sCO2 cannot outperform them in current technological standards. Nevertheless sCO2 cycles offers an attractive alternative, facilitating cogeneration. Among the different approaches designed to integrate the heat requirements of amine-based capture, steam cycles have always proved more suitable because of the thermal stability of amines. In conclusion, the research underscores the cost-effectiveness and adaptability of sCO2 cycles for heat recovery applications, particularly as bottoming cycles for smaller GTs, while larger GTs present a challenge. The work conducted sheds light on the substantial promise of sCO2 cycles, encouraging further exploration and implementation of these systems in the energy sector.

Accuracy Standards of Wearable Technologies for Assessment of Soccer Kicking: Protocol for a Systematic Literature Review.

Wearable technology is widely applied in performance monitoring, an integral part of sports and exercise sciences. The kick movement in soccer exemplifies a sports technique that could benefit from appropriate biomechanics assessment methodologies. However, the accuracy of wearables in quantifying soccer kick mechanics, particularly under field conditions, remains unclear. This study aims to present a protocol for a systematic review to discuss the measurement properties (validity, reliability, and/or accuracy aspects) of wearable technology systems explicitly used to measure ball-kicking features in soccer. This review protocol was preregistered in the Open Science Framework. A total of 2 authors will perform searches in major electronic databases using specific keyword combinations in PubMed, Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, Web of Science, ProQuest, IEEE Xplore, EBSCOHost, and Scopus. Following a specific population, intervention, comparison, outcome framework (population: soccer players and/or collected human data in a football-related environment; intervention: at least 1 wearable used; comparator: criterion measures, repeated testing sessions and/or actual values; outcome: ball kicking data), studies will be screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the "consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments" checklist (in studies concerning validity or reliability) or the "quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies" tool (in studies concerning accuracy). Data extraction will be conducted to determine the level of evidence according to the "best evidence synthesis method," and an evidence gap map will be constructed. The Cohen κ coefficient will be used to estimate the interevaluator agreement. This ongoing systematic review has completed database searches and is currently in the screening phase. Depending on the number and consistency of studies, results may be presented by meta-analysis or qualitative synthesis, with subgroup analyses considering factors such as gender, age, and playing level. The final results are expected by July 2024, with manuscript submission anticipated by November 2024. Our study will provide a comprehensive summary of the highest level of evidence available on the use of wearables for the assessment of soccer kick mechanics, providing practical guidance for athletes and sports sciences professionals regarding the validity and reliability aspects of using wearable technology to measure ball-kicking features in soccer. OSF registries https://osf.io/zm3j6. DERR1-10.2196/57433.

A Study on Functional Requirements and Inspection Items for AI System Change Management and Model Improvement on the Web Platform

The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) on the web platform across multiple sectors has highlighted not only its inherent technical hurdles, such as unpredictability and lack of transparency, but also significant societal concerns. These include the misuse of AI technology, invasions of privacy, discrimination fueled by biased data, and infringements of copyright. Such challenges jeopardize the sustainable growth of AI and risk the erosion of societal trust, industry adoption and financial investment. This analysis explores the AI system’s lifecycle, emphasizing the essential continuous monitoring and the need for creating trustworthy AI technologies. It advocates for an ethically oriented development process to mitigate adverse effects and support sustainable progress. The dynamic and unpredictable nature of AI, compounded by variable data inputs and evolving distributions, requires consistent model updates and retraining to preserve the integrity of services. Addressing the ethical aspects, this paper outlines specific guidelines and evaluation criteria for AI development, proposing an adaptable feedback loop for model improvement. This method aims to detect and rectify performance declines through prompt retraining, thereby cultivating robust, ethically sound AI systems. Such systems are expected to maintain performance while ensuring user trust and adhering to data science and web technology standards. Ultimately, the study seeks to balance AI’s technological advancements with societal ethics and values, ensuring its role as a positive, reliable force across different industries. This balance is crucial for harmonizing innovation with the ethical use of data and science, thereby facilitating a future where AI contributes significantly and responsibly to societal well-being.

Comprehensive Review and Future Research Directions on ICT Standardisation

Standardisation has become imperative to retaining order and development in modern society. The simplest actions, such as train timings and the width of the railroad, would be very difficult to achieve without Standardisation. Standardisation also solves problems, such as the use of mobile devices, which requires travel abroad when out of range. We perform a large-scale quantitative analysis for papers dealing with (1) standards and (2) Information and communications technology (ICT) data in three important databases, namely Web of Science, IEEE Explore, and ACM digital library, in this paper. These three databases presented 216 articles that were divided into five categories: standard-related review and survey studies, information management across hardware and software standards, energy management standards, machine learning model classification performance, privacy-aware software system standards, and health information and communications technology standards. This paper discusses how Standardisation facilitates the planning of the entire research and innovation process by encouraging discussions regarding the specific outputs the research aims to achieve. The paper further illustrates that references related to standardisation within the call topics act as a crucial motivating factor in the decision to adopt standardisation. In conclusion, our contribution provides a better understanding of standards in peer-reviewed publications and an essential foundation for future research. In addition, we demonstrate that standards play an important role in innovation.

Analysis of the Potential Carbon Emission Reduction Through Interaction Between New Energy Vehicles and Smart Grids

Abstract: This paper analyzes the potential for carbon emission reduction through the interaction between new energy vehicles and smart grids, discussing how the optimization of energy efficiency and balancing of grid loads can be achieved through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. The interaction between new energy vehicles and smart grids can enhance energy utilization efficiency, optimize grid management, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels by leveraging renewable energy sources, thereby achieving the goal of carbon emission reduction. However, this process faces multiple challenges including technological integration, cost-effectiveness, policy support, and societal acceptance. The paper proposes a series of strategic recommendations, including promoting technological standardization, enhancing policy and economic incentives, and increasing public awareness and participation, to support the effective interaction between new energy vehicles and smart grids, and to achieve long-term carbon emission reduction goals.

Building the digital age: management of digital transformation in the construction industry

This study aims to deepen the understanding of digital transformation in the construction industry. While studies on digital transformation exist at the industry level, studies at the company level, looking at how companies can proactively manage change, are largely missing. This study addresses this gap by exploring how three companies in the construction industry are navigating and leveraging digital transformation for international growth. Employing a multiple case study methodology and a systemic framework, the research provides insights into the interplay of technological innovation, business development, and ecosystem evolution through company cases. The research synthesizes and details three key barriers to managing digital transformation in the construction sector: (1) fragmentation, (2) insufficient demand from clients, and (3) limited influence of a single actor in the ecosystem, and three key drivers: (1) shift to data-driven industry, (2) targeted technological solutions, and (3) standardization and process modification. This study pairs the barriers and drivers with relevant managerial actions, and dimensional positioning to provide new valuable insights on digital transformation in the construction industry and beyond. The research provides insights both for construction industry companies and researchers seeking to manage digital transformation.

Investigation on preparation and properties of gel type 188W/188Re generator

As one of the most important integrated nuclides for diagnosis and treatment in recent years, rhenium-188 (188Re) has a broad scope in the clinical application. Due to the specific properties of such radionuclide, it was mainly provided by the chromatographic 188W-188Re generators. There is no doubt that the application of 188Re in the treatment of various diseases depended on the development of 188W-188Re generator. Considering the high standards of such technology on radioactive activity of 188W and impurity content, a 188W-188Re generator filled with the zirconium tungstate gel has been prepared in this work. The effects of molar ratio of chemical agents, pH, reaction temperature, drying methods, rinsing methods and other conditions on the synthesis of gel particles have been studied. Furthermore, a variety of characterization techniques were used to observe the macro-/micro-morphology and chemical structure of gel particles. It can be concluded that vacuum freeze-dried method could significantly increase the specific surface area, pore size and tungsten content of gel particle. In order to decrease the content of 188W in the elute, a handful of acidic alumina was filled in the bottom of our 188W-188Re generator, an elution and purification integrated-generator was formed. During the first five processes, the nuclear purity of 188Re solution was above 99.99%, the radiochemical purity was approximately 99.5%, the pH value was 5.0–7.0 and the average elution efficiency reached up to 82.7%. In addition, the leakage rate of 188W was low as 1.60 × 10−6, and the peak of elute curve was located at 2 mL without the trailing phenomenon. This work lays a solid foundation for the domestic demand of daughter nuclide 188Re, further makes an outstanding contribution to the application of the radiation therapy technology and the protection of people's health.

Firm-Level Digitalization for Sustainability Performance: Evidence from Ningbo City of China

Climate change is a significant and urgent threat, gaining traction in the scientific community around the globe and requiring immediate action across many sectors. In this context, the digital economy could provide a mutually beneficial solution by utilizing innovation and technical breakthroughs to establish a sustainable future that addresses environmental deterioration, promotes economic growth, and encourages energy conservation. Against this background, this study examined the diffusion of innovation modeling-based factors affecting small and medium-sized firms’ (SMFs) adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its impact on SMFs’ sustainability performance related to environmental, economic, innovation, and energy conservation perspectives. The key findings revealed that (i) the relative advantage, trialability, and observability drive IoT adoption. However, compatibility and complexity hinder IoT adoption. (ii) When prioritizing the adoption factors, the relative benefit is the strongest driver, and compatibility is the most significant barrier to IoT adoption. (iii) IoT technology adopter SMFs spent less on natural resources and more on renewable energy and environmental monitoring systems than non-adopter firms, boosting their environmental sustainability. (iv) IoT technology adopter firms had greater revenue, profits, and credit access than non-adopters and lower input costs, improving their economic sustainability. (v) IoT adopter firms spent more on innovative products than non-adopter enterprises, demonstrating innovation performance. (vi) Compared to non-adopter firms, IoT technology adopter SMFs had lower utility expenses and spent more on energy-efficient technologies. (vii) To realize the full potential of the IoT for a more sustainable and inventive future, authorities may pursue a variety of policy actions involving the strengthening and implementation of IoT technology standards and regulations, securing the incentivization of financial resources to SMFs, diverting the allocation of resources to research and development avenues, prioritizing the capacity development and environmental awareness, and focusing on IoT infrastructure development.

The European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI): in search for legitimacy and resilience of European standardisation

European standardisation, a key institution for the functioning of the EU single market, functions at the crossroads of private rule-making and public policy. Recently, it has been subjected to fierce scrutiny by the European Commission and the European Court of Justice. Expressed concerns relate to the legal value of standards and the legitimacy of institutions creating them but have broader implications for European competitiveness, highlighting the strategic role of standards. By far much of this critique has been directed towards the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the EU’s crown jewel of technology standardisation. ETSI’s normative power manifests itself in policymaking, legislation and market processes, rendering it an interesting organisation to study as a proxy to understand the legitimacy and resilience of European standardisation. Against this backdrop, this introduction sets the theoretical and legal context for this Special Issue. Upon discussing the background and dynamic of European standardisation, it provides a theoretical framework for ‘crises' and ‘legitimacy’, tailoring it to the particular case of ETSI and the challenges it faces at the policy and judicial level. Lastly, it provides a critical reflection on the Research Articles in this Special Issue, linking them to the current discourses on legitimacy and resilience.

A Digital Twin of a University Campus from an Urban Sustainability Approach: Case Study in Madrid (Spain)

The development of geographic information systems has grown significantly over the past decade. Simultaneously, the concept of smart cities based on the management of large volumes of data has also spread worldwide. The digital twin concept has recently been incorporated into the technological domain of urban management. However, currently, phases such as technological integration, standardization, data and process interconnection, the development of tools and utilities, professional training, and the application of digital urban development in real-world situations are converging. This paper presents the experience developed on a university campus, detailing each of the phases carried out from the initial design to a fully operational pilot phase model. The article highlights the importance of certain aspects to consider in each phase, demonstrating that there are barriers and limitations and at the same time, great strengths and opportunities in applying the digital twin model in urban management, considering aspects such as mobility, accessibility, energy management, and involving students and university administrators in the process.

Strategies for unlocking EMR Interoperability: A Narrative Review

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is intended to solve many issues in patient care pathway besides the administrative roles which equally makes the hospital paperless, but they still face major interoperability issues. When there is no systematic connection between different healthcare providers, medical information pertaining to patients becomes fragmented, incomplete, and outdated. This study was undertaken to investigate the strategies used to overcome interoperability challenges by EMR implementors. A narrative review was conducted, and various keywords were used to search in EBSCO, Google Scholar, and pertinent healthcare informatics articles for papers published between 2012 and 2024. Drawing from a range of studies, the findings indicate that Machine learning and artificial intelligence, Standardization of Data Exchange Protocols, Blockchain technology, EHR-Agnostic Platforms, Training and Organizational Support, Government and Policy Interventions, social factors are the strategies that successful EMR implementers have employed to achieve EMR interoperability.

STREAMLINING REGULATORY DOCUMENTATION: EXPLORING THE COMMON TECHNICAL DOCUMENT (CTD) AND ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION, WITH EMPHASIS ON M SERIES ACCORDING TO ICH GUIDELINES

A number of regulatory bodies have worked together to create the Common Technical Document (CTD), including the United States Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, and the Japanese Ministry of Health. This standardized format facilitates the collection and submission of regulatory documentation pertaining to applications for new medicines. Since its inception in 2000, the CTD has been widely adopted internationally, including by nations such as Canada, Australia, and India. The CTD aims to streamline the submission process, reduce duplication of effort, and facilitate regulatory evaluations by providing a uniform structure for technical documentation. This article outlines the guidelines and organization of the CTD, including its modules covering administrative information, quality, non-clinical studies, and clinical trials. The CTD’s significance lies in its ability to improve regulatory efficiency, promote data transparency, and expedite the availability of new medicines to patients. However, challenges persist, such as variations in regional requirements and the need for continued adaptation to evolving technological standards. Electronic submissions and improved information management are two ways in which the new electronic CTD (eCTD) has improved submission procedures. Despite some ongoing issues, the CTD and eCTD represent significant advancements in regulatory documentation, with the potential for further innovation and global adoption in the future.

Opportunities for Kazakhstan's agricultural exports to the Chinese market

This research delves into the dynamic relationship between China and Kazakhstan in the realm of agri-food trade, exploring the evolving landscape from 2012 to 2022. China, as the world's second-largest economy, commands a significant share in global agri-food imports, presenting a lucrative opportunity for Kazakhstan. Notably, China represents about 8% of the world's agri-food imports and stands as Kazakhstan's largest trading partner. In 2021, China emerged as one of the top four largest buyers of Kazakh food. This demographic shift has implications for the evolving demand in China's agri-food market and offers an avenue for Kazakhstan to tap into this growing consumer base. Despite being one of Kazakhstan's major trading partners, the country currently holds a modest share of China's agri-food market. The Kazakh government, aligning with China's "Belt and Road" initiative, aspires to double agricultural exports by 2025. Our analysis underscores the growing demand in China's agri-food market and its potential for Kazakhstan. Challenges such as technical disparities, logistical limitations, and institutional constraints are identified, necessitating collaborative solutions. The conclusion emphasizes the need for concrete actions, including technological advancements, infrastructure improvement, and standards harmonization, to enhance Kazakhstan's competitiveness in the Chinese market.

Позиции Республики Корея и Японии по институционализации военно-политического сотрудничества в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе

The article analyzes the current stance of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and Japan on the institutionalization of defense cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, provides the assessment of the prospects for the US-ROK-Japan triangle institutionalization, as well as the assessment of the prospects for the possible accession of Japan and South Korea to the AUKUS agreement. Drawing from the strategic documents of Tokyo and Seoul in the field of security, as well as joint statements and other official information materials of the United States and its partners in the Asia-Pacific region, the author comes to the conclusion that the announced "Trilateral Security Cooperation Framework" of the United States – South Korea – Japan will be poorly formalized, and the main area of cooperation within this framework will be the exchange of intelligence data and monitoring of the military activity of the DPRK. The Memorandum of Cooperation concluded in July 2024 has primarily an ideological significance and is intended to create a precedent for formalizing military cooperation in a trilateral format. The potential entry of the ROK and Japan into AUKUS also has its problems. Through the license-free AUKUS arms trade ecosystem, Japan potentially can be able to develop its own defense industry and gain a foothold as an arms exporter. On the contrary, for South Korea, which is already an established exporter of military equipment and weapons, this would be a potential risk and the possibility of losing its acquired positions in Australia and other markets. Nevertheless, the prospect for both parties joining AUKUS is real, and cooperation within this multilateral format can also be of a weakly formalized nature, reduced to work on a number of joint projects, mainly in high-tech areas with the ultimate goal of developing common technological and legal standards.

A Comparative Study of Kautilya Arthashastra and Current Arthashastra

This study examines the parallels and discrepancies between modern economic governance ideas and Kautilya's Arthashastra, a classical Indian treatise on statecraft and economics. With a focus on administration, taxation, and governance, Kautilya's Arthashastra, which dates to the fourth century BCE, offers insights into prehistoric Indian economic and political ideas. In contrast, modern economic governance emphasizes government action, market mechanisms, and ethical issues while drawing from a variety of economic theories and practices. The comparative study explores a number of important aspects, such as the breadth and emphasis of each framework, the economic theories that are promoted, governance strategies, ethical issues, and the technology environment. The main topics of the two Arthashastras are the state's involvement in economic concerns and ethical governance; yet, throughout time, developments in technology, governance structures, and societal standards have caused them to diverge dramatically.

Does embeddedness in strategic alliances matter for innovation efficiency? The moderating roles of government R&D subsidies and standardization

PurposeThis paper investigates the impact of strategic alliance network centrality and structural holes on firm innovation efficiency. In addition, the paper aims to explore the moderating effects of government R&D subsidies and firm technology standardization.Design/methodology/approachBased upon the literature on strategic alliance networks, this paper proposes a conceptual model with several hypotheses. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 736 observations from 92 mechanical manufacturing firms in China from 2010 to 2017. We measured firm innovation efficiency via the DEA model and performed quantitative analysis with GMM estimation.FindingsThe results indicate that strategic alliance network centrality is positively related to firm innovation efficiency, and structural holes have a U-shaped relationship with firm innovation efficiency. Government R&D subsidies positively moderate the relationship between centrality and firm innovation efficiency. Firm technology standardization positively moderates the relationship between centrality and firm innovation efficiency and the U-shaped relationship between structural holes and firm innovation efficiency.Practical implicationsFirms should focus on improving innovation efficiency and maximizing innovation output under limited resources. Furthermore, managers ought to strengthen cooperation between firms and external alliances while promoting the utilization of strategic alliance network position resources to benefit innovation efficiency.Originality/valueThis paper considers that innovation efficiency, including input and output processes, is more representative than innovation performance, and few studies have focused on the relationship between strategic alliance networks and innovation efficiency. To fill this research gap, this paper explores the impact of strategic alliance network position embedding on innovation efficiency.

Centering accessibility, increasing capacity, and fostering innovation in the development of international eDNA standards

Environmental DNA (eDNA) includes a set of rapidly emerging technologies that have the potential to support environmental monitoring and biodiversity conservation through novel, non-invasive, cost-effective and democratic methods and tools. Meanwhile, eDNA researchers are developing international standards for eDNA technologies, methods and data outputs. For eDNA technologies to be accessible, useful and appropriate, we must ensure that any standards developed include a broad conception of users from around the world, a diversity of ecological contexts and locations and, most importantly, a realistic outlook on research capacities and infrastructure. In this article, we assemble perspectives on international standardisation of eDNA from a diverse and global group of users and experts from Africa, South America and the Pacific Islands. The authors of this article collaborated by answering and discussing a set of open-ended questions aimed at eliciting hopes, concerns and experiences regarding eDNA standards. The result is a set of emergent themes and a generative consensus to highlight the need for the creation of adaptable standards, the development of regional capacity, increased sensitising to data sovereignty and the viewing of standardisation as a global capacity-building activity.

The Future of ICT Integration in Antiguan Secondary Schools: A Post-Covid Perspective

In this article, specific findings from a larger mixed-methods study that examined the leadership strategies Antiguan school principals employed to integrate technology into the curriculum are examined. In particular, the goal was to provide a greater understanding on some of the potential future applications of ICT integration in curriculum delivery, as identified by educators and school administrators. This study was anchored by the International Standards for Technology in Education (ISTE) model, an established technology leadership theoretical framework, as well as a technology integration framework, TPACK. Qualitative data were gathered from school principals and teachers through the use of semi-structured interviews (N=27). Furthermore, the qualitative data were manually coded and subjected to thematic content analysis. Regarding the future of ICT Integration in Antiguan Secondary Schools, several themes emerged such as, the need for increased online instruction, integrating AI technologies, as well as the acquisition of more advanced ICTs. The development of a contemporary technology use policy for secondary schools is one of the recommendations, along with pre- and in-service training for principals and educators.

THE THEORY OF TRANSFORMATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LEGAL REGIMES USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES: INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT

This article is dedicated to the study of the theory of transformation of intellectual property legal regimes through blockchain technologies on an international scale. It focuses on three thematic blocks: firstly, defining the essence of blockchain technologies; secondly, analysing international blockchain technology standards; and thirdly, exploring variations in the use of blockchain technologies for the registration of intellectual property objects. The subject of the study is the social relations in the field of intellectual property and the mechanisms for their regulation. Methodology. The article employs scientific methods of cognition and doctrinal resolution of issues related to the use of digital tools in the regulation of social relations. This encompasses formal-logical and dialectical methodologies. A variety of empirical techniques, including synthesis, deduction, and statistical analysis, were employed. Results. The study reveals the absence of a direct indication of the use or intent to use distributed ledger technology, otherwise known as blockchain technology. The study demonstrates the significance of utilising blockchain technology in maintaining the customs register to account for intellectual property objects protected by law. This ensures the impossibility of unauthorised alteration or deletion of information about intellectual property objects, as provided by distributed ledger technology. These legal relations emerge in the course of entering information into the aforementioned registers, making modifications (updates), and providing information to interested parties. The use of blockchain technologies in the formation of the register of issued certificates of state registration of copyright for a work is justified.