Standards Development Organizations Research Articles

Developing a Search Algorithm and a Visualization Tool for SNOMED CT

With electronic health records rising in popularity among hospitals and physicians, the SNOMED CT medical terminology has served as a valuable standard for those looking to exchange a variety of information linked to clinical knowledge bases, information retrieval, and data aggregation. However, SNOMED CT is distributed as a flat file database by the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization and visualization of data can be a problem. This study describes an algorithm that allows a user to easily search SNOMED CT for identical or partial matches utilizing indexing and wildcard matching through a graphical user interface developed in the cross-platform programming language Java. In addition to this, the algorithm displays corresponding relationships and other relevant information pertaining to the search term. The outcome of this study can serve as a useful visualization tool for those looking to delve into the increasingly standardized world of electronic health records as well as a tool for healthcare providers who may be seeking specific clinical information contained in the SNOMED CT database.

Cloud Standards News and Updates

Cloud computing in its present state more closely resembles a collection of individual parts than a single coherent whole; parts that can be assembled, for example, into a wide variety of products depending on the interests and resources of those choosing to do the assembly. A current challenge in cloud computing is that many of these larger constructs are being designed, built, and produced at the same time, and their components vary as a result, depending on their intended use. Not all of them fit together, so keeping track of news in a coherent way is a complex task, even in the relatively isolated and well-defined area of standards. This column covers recent news on standards-related activities, including products of standards-developing organizations and other recent developments.

Knowledge-Based Personal Health System to empower outpatients of diabetes mellitus by means of P4 Medicine.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and it imposes a large economic burden on healthcare systems. We present a web patient empowering system (PHSP4) that ensures continuous monitoring and assessment of the health state of patients with DM (type I and II). PHSP4 is a Knowledge-Based Personal Health System (PHS) which follows the trend of P4 Medicine (Personalized, Predictive, Preventive, and Participative). It provides messages to outpatients and clinicians about the achievement of objectives, follow-up, and treatments adjusted to the patient condition. Additionally, it calculates a four-component risk vector of the associated pathologies with DM: Nephropathy, Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetic foot, and Cardiovascular event. The core of the system is a Rule-Based System which Knowledge Base is composed by a set of rules implementing the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (American Diabetes Association: http://www.diabetes.org/ ) clinical guideline. The PHSP4 is designed to be standardized and to facilitate its interoperability by means of terminologies (SNOMED-CT [The International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization: http://www.ihtsdo.org/snomed-ct/ ] and UCUM [The Unified Code for Units of Measure: http://unitsofmeasure.org/ ]), standardized clinical documents (HL7 CDA R2 [Health Level Seven International: http://www.hl7.org/index.cfm ]) for managing Electronic Health Record (EHR). We have evaluated the functionality of the system and its users' acceptance of the system using simulated and real data, and a questionnaire based in the Technology Acceptance Model methodology (TAM). Finally results show the reliability of the system and the high acceptance of clinicians.

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan, Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.

MPEG-UD 기반 사용자 인터페이스 생성 시스템 제안

Providing personalized services customized to users' needs and preferences becomes highlighted as a key area of user-context computing. It is essential for context-aware technology to be developed more intelligent and meaningful services by being widely applied to a variety of sectors and domains. SDO (Standard Development Organization) such as MPEG and W3C has been actively developed to be standardized services and to improve context-awareness services. Yet current standards related to context-aware technology, such as MPEG-7, MPEG-21, MPEG-V, and emotionML, are not capable enough to support various systems and diverse services. Against this backdrop, the MPEG User Description, referred to also as MPEG-UD Standard, is to ensure interoperability among recommendation services, which take into account user’s context when generating recommendations to users. In this light, we introduce standards related to the user context and propose the structure for RD-Engine and the Remote Responsive User Interface(RRUI) system in reference to MPEG-UD. This system collects unit resources matching specific condition according to the user’s contexts described by MPEG-UD. In so doing, it improves adaptive user interface considering device features in real-time. By automatically generating adaptive user interfaces tailored to an individual’s contexts, the proposed system aims to achieve high-quality user experience for a complex service. ☞ keyword : Context, User Interface, Context-Awareness

Multi-source development of an integrated model for family health history.

To integrate data elements from multiple sources for informing comprehensive and standardized collection of family health history (FHH). Three types of sources were analyzed to identify data elements associated with the collection of FHH. First, clinical notes from multiple resources were annotated for FHH information. Second, questions and responses for family members in patient-facing FHH tools were examined. Lastly, elements defined in FHH-related specifications were extracted for several standards development and related organizations. Data elements identified from the notes, tools, and specifications were subsequently combined and compared. In total, 891 notes from three resources, eight tools, and seven specifications associated with four organizations were analyzed. The resulting Integrated FHH Model consisted of 44 data elements for describing source of information, family members, observations, and general statements about family history. Of these elements, 16 were common to all three source types, 17 were common to two, and 11 were unique. Intra-source comparisons also revealed common and unique elements across the different notes, tools, and specifications. Through examination of multiple sources, a representative and complementary set of FHH data elements was identified. Further work is needed to create formal representations of the Integrated FHH Model, standardize values associated with each element, and inform context-specific implementations. There has been increased emphasis on the importance of FHH for supporting personalized medicine, biomedical research, and population health. Multi-source development of an integrated model could contribute to improving the standardized collection and use of FHH information in disparate systems.

Comparison of Test Standards for the Performance and Safety of Agricultural Tractors: A Review

Purpose: The objective of this paper was to compare test standards regarding the performance and safety of agricultural tractors to identify the differences in test conditions, measurement tolerances, and test procedures. Based on the comparison, some recommendations were proposed for possible rev isions or improvements to current tractor test standards. Methods: The test standards and codes of major standards development organizations (SDOs), such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), EC type approval, and the board of actions of the Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratories (NTTL), were selected and analyzed. Comparison of the test standards: The ISO provides references for fuel and lubricants for tractor tests, and the OECD provides additional measurements for calculating fuel consumption characteristics during the power take-off (PTO) tests. The ISO, EC type approval, and the ASABE provide PTO protective device and the safety requirements. During drawbar power tests, seven transmission ratios are selected for fully automatic transmissions, according to the OECD. In case of hydraulic lift tests, ISO 789-2 and OECD Code 2 advise the use of a static lift force, while SAE J283 advises the use of additional dynamic lift capacity tests for a better representation of in-field operations. The OECD, the ISO, and EC type approval determine the seat index point (SIP), whereas the ASABE determines the seat reference point (SRP) for roll-over protective structure (ROPS) tests. Diversified measurement tolerances were among the braking performance test standards. The European Union (EU) has developed daily limits for vibration exposures with adaptations from ISO 2631-1. Electroma gnetic compatibility evaluations are emerging of high-efficiency tractors due to the long-term conformance to electromagnetic emissions and interferences. Comparisons of tractor test standards discussed in this paper are expected to provide useful information for tractor manufacturers and standards development personnel to improve the performance and safety test standards of tractors.

Future Direction of IMIA Standardization

Standardization in the field of health informatics has increased its importance and global alliance for establishing interoperability and compatibility internationally. Standardization has been organized by standard development organizations (SDOs) such as ISO (International Organization for Standardization), CEN (European Committee for Standardization), IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise), and HL7 (Health Level 7), etc. This paper reports the status of these SDOs' activities. In this workshop, we reviewed the past activities and the current situation of standardization in health care informatics with the standard development organizations such as ISO, CEN, IHE, and HL7. Then we discussed the future direction of standardization in health informatics toward "future medicine" based on standardized technologies. We could share the status of each SDO through exchange of opinions in the workshop. Some WHO members joined our discussion to support this constructive activity. At this meeting, the workshop speakers have been appointed as new members of the IMIA working groups of Standards in Health Care Informatics (WG16). We could reach to the conclusion that we collaborate for the international standardization in health informatics toward "future medicine".

Building consensus in life cycle assessment: the potential for a Canadian product category rules standard to enhance credibility in greenhouse gas emissions estimates for Alberta's oil sands

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of greenhouse gas emissions is often used to compare products in the global crude market. While Alberta's oil sands face particular pressure to improve performance, a lack of consensus on methods, data, and assumptions specific to the LCA of products derived from crude oil weaken such comparisons. This paper investigates the potential for a Canadian product category rules standard to enhance the credibility of life cycle emissions estimates of products derived from Alberta's oil sands. Increasing comparability of Canadian crudes to those of other countries in such a way would make this an attractive tool with the potential to be adopted internationally. The potential of the standard is investigated through a case study, based on in-depth expert interviews, focusing first on the potential of the standard to mitigate specific data and communication issues with respect to Alberta's oil sands, and second on strategies to mitigate predicted process issues in its development by a Canadian standards development organization. Findings indicate that while there is a consensus on the need to further standardize LCA methods and data quality requirements for crude oil products to make comparisons more accurate, participants in the standards-setting process may be unwilling to share the information that would make this possible. It was found that a credible standards-setting process may help to overcome this challenge, only if the ability to revise the standard can be anticipated in its initial development process, particularly with respect to its long-term effects on the development of new technologies.

History of the Patent Policy of the American National Standards Institute

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy applies to standards developing organizations (SDOs) accredited by ANSI (known as Accredited Standards Developers (ASDs)) to issue American National Standards (ANS). In order to obtain or maintain status as an ASD, an SDO must include the text of the policy as appropriate, in its accredited procedures along with any additional information as required; or submit to ANSI a written statement of full compliance with the policy in addition to statements that satisfy the policy requirements. The ANSI patent policy has a long history, and has been evolving since 1932 to address the intellectual property and standards issues of the day. ANSI’s experience illuminates what has worked and what has not. Understanding how the policy has changed over time provides practical lessons for SDOs and the voluntary standards community. This includes not only the SDOs accredited by ANSI and whose procedures and operations must comply with ANSI’s essential requirements, but also others who will benefit from ANSI’s experience. In the opinion of the author the evolution of the ANSI patent policy highlights instructive experience: 1) An SDO needs to protect itself from involvement in litigation about the accuracy and completeness of statements and about infringements of patents due to use of the standard. 2) Between 1969 and 1995 ANSI patent policy included patent holder submission of specific terms and conditions and active evaluation by counsel or committee of such and recording a statement of the basis for considering submitted terms and conditions free of any unfair discrimination; 3) ANSI’s policy does not currently require disclosure but describes what is to happen if disclosure happens; however the accompanying Guidelines to implementation of the policy acknowledge the value of early disclosure and suggest procedures SDOs may implement to encourage disclosure; 4) The essence of the ANSI patent policy is a requirement that when an SDO receives a notice that a proposed or an approved standard may require the use of a patent claim (i.e. an SEP), the SDO must obtain an assurance that: “A license will be made available to applicants under reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination.” 5) The consequence of not fulfilling the requirements of the ANSI policy is that the standard cannot be an ANS. SDOs should consider the “consequences” for not meeting the ANSI policy. The ANSI patent policy is a living document. Currently in mid 2014, The ANSI Intellectual Property rights policy committee is contemplating revisions to the policy to address the standards and patent issues of the day. The ANSI patent policy is a valuable resource containing the best thinking of leaders within the US voluntary standards community how standards developing processes ought to address the SEP issues of the day.

Rationalizing the Cloud Computing Concept: An Analogy with the Car

Cloud Computing has quickly become a popular buzzword in the IT industry. It is hard to understand what cloud computing technologies are and if we are using the real thing. Many standard-developing organizations such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the International Standards Organization (ISO) are working to provide a standard definition of Cloud Computing. Unfortunately, they are already facing a big challenge due to the presence of multiple definitions and the lack of understanding of this emerging technology. The main objective of this paper is to try to characterize Cloud Computing components and concepts using a familiar object, the car. Using this analogy, we identify concepts that should not be part of the international Cloud Computing definition on our quest for an improved definition. This work is part of the Canadian members' ISO/JTC1/SC38 work group effort aiming at an international consensus.

Awareness of the Role of Science in the FDA Regulatory Submission Process: A Survey of the TERMIS-Americas Membership

The Industry Committee of the Tissue Engineering Regenerative Medicine International Society, Americas Chapter (TERMIS-AM) administered a survey to its membership in 2013 to assess the awareness of science requirements in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory process. One hundred forty-four members responded to the survey. Their occupational and geographical representation was representative of the TERMIS-AM membership as a whole. The survey elicited basic demographic information, the degree to which members were involved in tissue engineering technology development, and their plans for future involvement in such development. The survey then assessed the awareness of general FDA scientific practices as well as specific science requirements for regulatory submissions to the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), and the Office of Combination Projects (OCP). The FDA-specific questions in the survey were culled from guidance documents posted on the FDA web site ( www.fda.gov ). One of the answer options was an opt-out clause that enabled survey respondents to claim a lack of sufficient awareness of the topic to answer the question. This enabled the stratification of respondents on the basis of confidence in the topic. Results indicate that across all occupational groups (academic, business, and government) that are represented in the TERMIS-AM membership, the awareness of FDA science requirements varies markedly. Those who performed best were for-profit company employees, consultants, and government employees; while students, professors, and respondents from outside the USA performed least well. Confidence in question topics was associated with increased correctness in responses across all groups, though the association between confidence and the ability to answer correctly was poorest among students and professors. Though 80% of respondents claimed involvement in the development of a tissue engineering technology, their responses were no more correct than those who were not. Among those developing tissue engineering technologies, few are taking advantage of existing standards organizations to strengthen their regulatory submissions. The data suggest that early exposure to regulatory experts would be of value for those seeking to bring their technology to the market. For all groups studied but especially for students and professors, formal initial or continuing education in Regulatory Science should be considered to best support translational tissue engineering research and development. In addition, the involvement of standards development organizations during tissue engineering technology development is strongly recommended.

Research and standards: Leading the evolution of telecom network architectures

The emergence of new communication paradigms, such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things, the mobile traffic explosion, and the expectation of ubiquitous connectivity, is driving what is perhaps the most significant transformation of the architecture of mobile and wireless network systems yet. Simply put, telecom network architectures need to evolve to support an exponentially more complex and diverse set of applications. Not surprisingly, this challenge has been attracting ever increasing attention from researchers in both academia and industry, including telecom standards experts. As enablers of global systems interoperability, standards are at the heart of success of the communications industry. Since standardization is inherently a social enterprise, it is the perfect environment for promoting technologies that underpin an increasingly social world. Moreover, telecommunications-oriented standards development organizations such as the IEEE, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and others have a decades-long track record as drivers of real technological change across the industry.

Patent Policies and Standards Setting: The Issues - What Is Going on? Why Should I Care?

This article is intended as background for persons impacted by the current discussions of patent policies in the standards-setting arena: What are the issues? Why and how will these issues affect standards development organizations, their members, and users? What may transpire over the next few years? Patent policies represent the choice a standards-developing organization (SDO) makes to balance the rights of patent holders and the need for implementers to be able to use proprietary technology that may be essential for compliance with a standard while protecting and advancing the SDO’s own interests. The incorporation of a patent that is essential to practice a standard leads to a variety of hypothetical and practical problems. These include: Patent ambush; Patent hold-up; Royalty stacking and the closely rated issue of patent thickets. Problems may also arise when NPEs (non-practicing entities, who do not build anything) seek unreasonable or unnecessary royalty bearing licenses from implementers of a standard. It seems that, relatively speaking, only a small number of standards embedding SEPs drive the current attention to revision of SDO patent policies...between one in one thousand and one in ten thousand. This is not to discount the importance of the problems that do arise nor that such problems are unworthy of attention and solution; but rather to place these problems in perspective within the global voluntary standards system. One possible explanation for the relative low rate of patent disputes involving standards is that existing patent policies have been and continue to be effective. Some of the topics under discussion within standards development organizations are: Transfer of Ownership; Disclosure Requirements; What is an Assurance to License on RAND terms?; Injunctions; Conditions of Reciprocity; Role of Arbitration. Many aspects of the voluntary standards system discourage bad behavior by participants. It is important to understand the primary causes for patent disputes in order to propose the best solutions if the goal is to reduce the overall number of disputes. While different SDOs will make different choices, all patent policies have the goal of attracting the best technology for their standards while not discouraging implementers from adopting them. In this respect, a shared characteristic of an SDO patent policy is the balancing of divergent points of view of stakeholders and the needs of the SDO itself. There is no reason to “reinvent the wheel.” SDOs will benefit from the patent policy lessons learned from experiences of organizations that have practical experience about what has worked and not worked. Its patent policy is one aspect of an SDO’s competitive position in the global market for standard setting, and the consequences of right or wrong decisions are significant.

Research Trends for Performance, Safety, and Comfort Evaluation of Agricultural Tractors: A Review

Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea Machinery Technology Group, Advanced RD Revised: January 28th, 2014; Accepted: January 28th, 2014 Background: Significant technological development and changes happened in the tractor industries. Contrariwise, the test procedures of the major standard development organizations (SDO’s) remained unchanged or with a little modification over the years, demanding new tractor test standards or improvement of existing ones for tractor performance, safety, and comfort. Purpose: This study focuses on reviewing the research trends regarding performance, safety and comfort evaluation of agricultural tractors. Based on this review, few recommendations were proposed to revise or improve the current test standards. Review: Tractor power take-off power test using the DC electric dynamometer reduced human error in the testing process and increased the accuracy of the test results. GPS signals were used to determine acceleration and converted into torque. High capacity double extended octagonal ring dynamometer has been designed to measure drawbar forces. Numerical optimization methodology has been used to design three-point hitch. Numerous technologies, driving strategies, and transmission characteristics are being considered for reducing emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants. Engine emission control technology standards need to be revised to meet the exhaust regulations for agricultural tractors. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) program has been used to design Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS). Program and methodology has been presented for testing tractor brake systems. Whole-body vibration emission levels have been found to be very dependent upon the nature of field operation performed, and the test track techniques required development/adaptation to improve their suitability during standardized assessment. Emphasizes should be given to improve visibility and thermal environment inside the cab for tractor operator. Tractors need to be evaluated under electromagnetic compatibility test conditions due to large growing of electronic devices. Research trends reviewed in this paper can be considered for possible revision or improvement of tractor performance, safety, and comfort test standards.

Private Standards Organizations and Public Law

Legal information institutes ofthe world, meeting in Montreal, declare that:* Public legal information from all countries and international institutions is part of the common heritage of humanity. Maximising access to this information promotes justice and the rule of law;* Public legal information is digital common property and should be accessible to all on a non-profit basis and free of charge;* Organizations such as legal information institutes have the right to publish public legal information and the government bodies that create or control that information should provide access to it so that it can be published by other parties.We hear of tyrants, and those cruel ones: but, whatever we may have felt, we have never heard of any tyrant in such sort cruel, as to punish men for disobedience to laws or orders which he had kept them from the knowledge of.ABSTRACTSimplified, universal access to law is one of the important transformations worked by the digital age. With the replacement of physical by digital copies, citizens ordinarily need travel only to the nearest computer to find and read the texts that bind them. Lagging behind this development, however, has been computer access to standards developed by private standards development organizations, often under the umbrella of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and then converted by agency actions incorporating them by reference into legal obligations. To discover what colors the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires for use in work-place caution signs, one must purchase from ANSI the standard OSHA has referenced in its regulations, at the price ANSI chooses to charge for it.The regulations governing incorporation by reference as a federal matter have not been revised since 1982, and therefore do not address the changes the digital age has brought about in what it means for incorporated matter to be reasonably available, as 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(1) requires. This Article seeks to bridge that gap, suggesting a variety of approaches that might bring the use of incorporation by reference into conformity with modem rulemaking practices and respect the general proposition that documents stating citizens' legal obligations are not subject to copyright, while at the same time both honoring clear federal statutory policy favoring the use of privately developed standards in rulemaking and respecting the needs standards organizations have to find reasonable means to support the costs of their operations. Business models created in the age of print need to change; the challenge is to find ways to permit the market in privately developed voluntary standards to thrive, without thereby permitting the monopoly pricing of access to governing law.Introduction 499A. Voluntary Consensus Standards 499B. Their Occasional Conversion Into Legal Obligations 502C. And Hence the Problem to Be Discussed 507I. The Uncertain State of the Caselaw on the Copyrightability of Standards That Have Been Converted into Law 511n. Federal Regulation of Incorporation by Reference 518A. The Office of the Federal Register 518B. Copyright Preservation as Affirmative Federal Policy? Congress, the NTTAA, the NIST, and the OMB 524C. Possibilities of Change: An Administrative Conference Study, Rulemaking Proposal, and Reconsideration of OMB Circular A-119 529HI. Can the Public Have its Access-to-Law Cake and Standards Developers Eat Revenue from Standards Sales Too? 537A. Proposed Rulemaking and Digital Rights Management 537B. Standards Developed in the Expectation of Incorporation 543C. Standards Developed Independently of Any Expectation of Their Incorporation 546D. Must Incorporation by Reference Create Legal Obligations? 549IV. Changing Part 51 555Conclusion 559IntroductionA. Voluntary Consensus StandardsThis Article addresses the public/private confusions over standards developing organizations' work. …

The R & D and Standardization Activities of ARIB

Radio systems in the field of telecommunication and broadcasting, as seen in mobile phones, wireless LAN, ITS, digital broadcasting, have been increasingly sophisticated and diversified with the rapid advances in digital technologies. They are essential for our economic activities and social life. Research and development (R & D) and standardization for new radio systems have become more important, so that the role of the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB), as a standards development organization (SDO) for radio systems, has been increasing. The paper describes the current overview and future challenges of ARIB.

Big data, its enablers and standards

Big data – according to research firm Gartner – is “high-volume, high-velocity and high-variety information assets that demand cost-effective, innovative forms of information processing for enhanced insight and decision making” [8]. Industry analysts, business strategists, policy makers and marketing executives hail this as a new area for innovation, competition and productivity. This article explores applications and technologies associated with big data and discusses how different communities exploit their data assets. We identify some of the challenges for the adoption of big data in a growing range of scenarios and point to initiatives taken by standards development organizations to address these challenges.

Bridging the gap between internet standardization and networking research

The participation of the network research community in the Internet Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) has been relatively low over the recent years, and this has drawn attention from both academics and industry due to its possible negative impact. The reasons for this gap are complex and extend beyond the purely technical. In this editorial we share our views on this challenge, based on the experience we have obtained from joint projects with universities and companies. We highlight the lessons learned, covering both successful and under-performing cases, and suggest viable approaches to bridge the gap between networking research and Internet standardization, aiming to promote and maximize the outcome of such collaborative endeavours.

Cloud computing Standardization Initiatives: State of Play

Cloud computing is an evolutionary paradigm for service delivery in IT industry. Technological evolution and adoption of cloud by reputed companies diverge into development of too many standards. With the wide spread of the technology, these standards cause problems like vendor lock-in, portability, interoperability, preventing the future adoption of cloud computing. Many standardized bodies have developed their own standards but still their adoption is difficult and complex. In this paper, a systematic and comprehensive survey is conducted for finding current standard initiatives by different Standard Development Organizations (SDO), Technical Forums and Government Organizations. Aim of the survey is to understand different standards, their standardization area, and gaps in standardization for cloud computing. Survey will provides information for work done till date and helps researchers to not repeat the work which is already done. Based on the result of the survey, some recommendations are suggested which encourages standardization communities to adopt and build common standard by taking consideration from industries and standard development agencies.