Standards Council Research Articles

Gamma exposure from building materials – A dose model with expanded gamma lines from naturally occurring radionuclides applicable in non-standard rooms

Building materials are a significant source of gamma rays exposure due to the presence of naturally occurring radionuclides. In order to protect the public from harmful radiation, the European Basic Safety Standards (Council directive 2013/59/Euratom) (European Council, 2014) introduced a one-size-fits-all building(s) (materials) activity concentration index (ACI) based on a limited set of gamma lines. The ACI is considered “as a conservative screening tool for identifying materials that may cause the reference level (i.e. 1 mSv/y) laid down in article 75(1) to be exceeded”. Regarding calculation of dose, many factors such as density and thickness of the building material, as well as factors relating to the type of building, and the gamma emission data need to be taking into account to ensure accurate radiation protection. In this study the implementation of an expanded set of 1845 gamma lines, related to the decay series of 238U, 235U and 232Th as well as to 40K, into the calculation method of Markkanen (1995), is discussed. The expanded calculation method is called the Expanded Gamma Dose Assessment (EGDA) model. The total gamma emission intensity increased from 2.12 to 2.41 and from 2.41 to 3.04 for respectively the 238U and 232Th decay series. In case of 40K a decrease from 0.107 to 0.106 is observed. The 235U decay series is added, having a gamma emission intensity of 3.1. In a standard concrete room, the absorbed dose rates in air (DA) per unit of activity concentration of 0.849, 0.256, 1.08, 0.0767 nGy/h per Bq/kg are observed. The use of weighted average gamma lines increased the DA with 6.5% and 1% for respectively the 238U and 232Th decay series. A decrease of 4.5% is observed in the DA of 235U decay series when using the weighted average gamma lines in comparison to its non-averaged variant. The sensitivity of the EGDA model for density, wall thickness, presence of windows and doors and room size is investigated. Finally, a comparison of the index and dose calculations relevant for the dose assessment within the European legislative framework applicable towards building materials is performed. In cases where the ACI and density and thickness corrected dose calculation of Nuccetelli et al. (2015) cannot provide guidance, the EGDA allows performing more accurate dose assessment calculations leading to effective doses which can be several 100 µSv/y lower.

Procedures for development and revision of codes and standards associated with fire safety in the USA

SummaryThe process of codes and standards development, and subsequent regulation, in the USA is very different from that in most other countries: it is managed by private (not‐for‐profit) companies and is via a consensus process. With regards to codes, primary code development occurs through International Code Council (ICC), for building, fire, and mechanical codes, and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), for electrical and life safety codes. With regards to standards, the key fire test standards used in codes are also developed by companies, primarily American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International and NFPA. All meetings at which codes and standards are developed are open to interested parties and/or observers. This study describes the way the major codes and standards are developed and amended, by the organizations referenced. Participation by all stakeholders is strongly encouraged, and the opinions of any interested parties are an essential component of the process. However, producers (or manufacturers) cannot represent more than a fraction of voting members in the committees and, in fact, in the case of ICC, only public officials are permitted to vote on the final action. At ASTM, technical committees are created by the organization and anyone can become a member. However, voting is restricted and balanced to ensure that producers cannot be a majority. No codes are developed by ASTM. Each committee chooses its projects to develop standards, within an overall scope; committee membership is not limited. The technical committee handling fire issues is ASTM E05, but other committees also develop fire test standards and specifications, including fire tests. At NFPA, technical committees are formed, and its members appointed, by the NFPA Standards Council, and committees are kept small. Appointments are made based on technical expertise and interest categories (one of which is manufacturers). Members in none of the interest categories can exceed one third of the committee membership. Every committee decision can be appealed (commented on), and the committee must consider the comments. The committee decisions can be appealed again, and the issues are debated in front of the general membership at meetings. Fire tests are issued by the technical committee on fire tests, while other committees deal with various codes and standards that can be adopted for regulation, including the National Electrical Code (NEC) (NFPA 70) and the Life Safety Code (NFPA 101). Most technical committees deal with a single document, but the technical committee on fire tests deals with all the fire test methods. In contrast, multiple committees handle separate sections of the major codes. Virtually, the entire country adopts the NEC and many states (as well as the healthcare industry) adopt NFPA 101. Almost all of the major codes with fire implications are developed at ICC. This includes the International Building Code, International Fire Code, International Mechanical Code, International Residential Code, International Existing Building Code, and International Wildland Urban Interface Code. Codes are revised on a 3‐year basis, with code development committees appointed for each cycle, on the basis of expertise, interest category, and geographical location, to ensure full balance. Stakeholders are invited to argue for or against code proposals in front of the committees. Committee decisions can be appealed (commented on) by the public, and the comments are argued in front of code officials who are members of ICC, without a committee present. The only ICC members who are allowed to vote on this final action are those public officials present, including code and fire officials. The final action must be upheld (or not) by an online vote where the only voters are public officials who are ICC members. Codes incorporate standards (including fire test standards) and contain the pass/fail requirements for the various test methods (since such criteria are normally absent from the test method standards). In some cases, codes may also include some detailed clarifications of ways to conduct or modify the test methods, if such clarity is needed. Once the new edition of any code is finalized (by ICC or NFPA), each of the states in the United States is entitled to adopt one or more code as regulation or to modify any code to incorporate local needs or special considerations. In many states, cities or jurisdictions are also entitled to modify any state code but they would not be allowed to have a local regulation that is less severe than the state regulation.

Underground Water Quality in Major Paddy Plants Growing Area of Mayiladuthurai Taluk of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu – India

<em><span>Water is essential for agriculture. Most of the farmers depending upon the ground water for irrigation purpose, but now a days the underground water is going to towards very deep down level. Because our environment affected by water drought, pollution and lack of rain falls. It will be creating negative effects to cultivation .In this present study is to assess the underground water quality in Mayiladuthurai Taluk of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu. Totally 30 underground water samples were collected, which covers 10 Revenue villages in Mayiladuthurai Taluk, 3 samples from each Revenue village and analyzed all the physico - chemical parameters such as pH, EC, Ca, Na, K, SO<sub>4,</sub> Cl, Mg , CO<sub>3,</sub> and HCO<sub>3 </sub>and the water quality index SAR, RSC, Geo-chemical types, classification were determined by standard methods, standard calculation and by using standard instruments. Then the irrigation water quality results were compared with standard values Recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The proposed work is very essential not only for crop production but also to maintain soil fertility, to maintain hazardous free environment and to enhance the living standard and in turn to uplift our Agriculturist.</span></em>

Is There a Conflict between Principles-Based Accounting and Structured Electronic Reporting? A Literature Review

National standard-setters continue to express concerns over a principles-based developed taxonomy. Recent comments to the IASB consultation on the IFRS Taxonomy Due Process contain more arguments why principles-based accounting and the taxonomy are perceived as a conceptual conflict. A comment from the Accounting Standards Committee of Germany: Whilst we acknowledge that standard-setting and taxonomy development can and should inform each other, we are concerned that mandatorily bearing taxonomy constraints and limitations in mind when developing standards bears the risk of the standards themselves becoming more rules- and less principles-based. certainly agree that the pronouncements must be articulated clearly enough to enable appropriate representation through the taxonomy; however, a taxonomy’s requirements should not be the key driver for developing standards and interpretations. Similar arguments are expressed by the Accounting Standards Council Singapore: We are particularly concerned that the prescriptive nature of Taxonomy would not align well with the principles-based IFRS. The Swedish Financial Reporting Board wrote, We fear that bringing XBRL into standard setting will be detrimental to the principles-based approach, particularly as regards the presentation of The Korean Accounting Standards Board also comment, It should be more conspicuously clarified that the Taxonomy is not guidance for in order not to deteriorate the principles-based standard-setting approach. Another commentator from a Big-4 audit firm: There is a risk that the design and content of a taxonomy that is intended to be used to capture information in general purpose financial reports will, or be perceived to, influence how those reports are prepared. Filing requirements that used prescribed data structures could undermine principles-based reporting requirements. understand and share those concerns. this is the very reason that the IASB should be involved with the development and maintenance of the Taxonomy. If the IASB is not, others will develop taxonomies and we are more concerned about the risk that those taxonomies pose to the application of IFRS. EFRAG has expressed on several occasions the view that the development of the taxonomy should not drive the IASB standard-setting process, because it risked moving away from a principles-based approach, in particular in the area of Considering the Italian Standard Setter, However, we reiterate our comments made with references to the Request for Views Trustees' Review of structure and Effectiveness: Issues for the Review that the Taxonomy should not be integrated in the IASB standard-setting process because we see the risk that this may take the IASB away from a principles-based approach when it develops accounting standards, in particular in the area of disclosures. taxonomy-related issues should be kept separate from the standard setting process as we fear that considerations that regard the Taxonomy may have a negative impact on the principles-based approach.

Optimal Shock Pulse in a Drop Test Simulation of Standardized Board for Uniform Shock Response

Board-level physical test performance of CSP/BGA packages need in depth characterization of loading parameters and material behavioral properties. In recent years, many calibration methods were adopted by the researchers and industries to improvise solder joint performances of packages. Effective and uniform board response is one of the critical challenges in developing test board to qualify package components for solder joint reliability qualification. In this paper, an improvised board type alternative to standard Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) board is developed for uniform stress/strain response. An axis symmetrical board is chosen in comparison to the current JEDEC board. The effectiveness of the two boards are compared with each other under extreme banding under controlled drop test simulation. The uniform stress–stain distribution is recorded maintaining the no-ring phenomenon by selecting optimal shock pulse parameters. Selected impact/shock pulse is decided by identifying the maximum impact energy absorbed by the board during the drop event. Board surface strain and stress data are captured 1–2 mm away near the components are quantified for higher strain rate. The board local strain rate on the board surface is recorded at a selected time-step to quantify the dynamic stresses along the component side surface on the board. The simulation is performed by using ANSYS software using implicit method. Both linear SOLID45 and quadratic SOLID95 elements are used to compare and correlate the results. Close forms of results were correlated with the previous theoretical results.

Consider advantages, challenges of competency‐based transcripts

PHOENIX — Many employers don't see a direct connection between credit hours and job skills. Various solutions have been proposed to translate the experience of a student enrolled in a four‐year institution to tangible knowledge for the work force. During a session at the annual American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers conference, Kelly Brooks, university registrar at Capella University; Joellen Evernham Shendy, associate vice provost and registrar at the University of Maryland, University College; and Michael Sessa, president of the Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council, discussed initiatives to develop portable credit that reflects a student's collegiate learning as it applies to their work after they graduate, as well as challenges and potential suggestions for institutions looking to move from a traditional to a competency‐based transcript.

Consider advantages, challenges of competency-based transcripts

PHOENIX — Many employers don't see a direct connection between credit hours and job skills. Various solutions have been proposed to translate the experience of a student enrolled in a four-year institution to tangible knowledge for the work force. During a session at the annual American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers conference, Kelly Brooks, university registrar at Capella University; Joellen Evernham Shendy, associate vice provost and registrar at the University of Maryland, University College; and Michael Sessa, president of the Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council, discussed initiatives to develop portable credit that reflects a student's collegiate learning as it applies to their work after they graduate, as well as challenges and potential suggestions for institutions looking to move from a traditional to a competency-based transcript.

수산물 Eco-label CoC에 대한 식품안전 접근방안 연구 : AHP 기법을 통한 요구사항 분석을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to find food safety approach in the Eco-label Chain of Custody(CoC) which is only focused to traceability. Because, consumers want to be assured the certified seafood comes from sustainable fishery as well as hygienic. In order to this approach, we used Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method as belows. We first understood the CoC criteria for using pair-wise comparison and analyzed and selected each Eco-label certifications and standards. Second, we carried out a survey to the targeted standard Marine Stewardship Council(MSC) CoC auditors all over the world and analyzed the priorities of food safety approach to 4 principles and 12 criteria belong the MSC CoC Standard. As the results, we found out that 'Management System' has the highest priority in the principles and 'Documentation' and 'Keeping Record' are the most important criteria for this approach. In addition, 'Training' and 'Identification' are also higher priority of criteria. So, we suggested food safety approach method for improvement of these criteria in conclusion based on discussion with specialist in this field.

Financial data breaches in the U.S. retail economy: Restoring confidence in information technology security standards

Managing effective security of personal customer data located in computer networks has become a strategic business and public policy issue for the U.S. retail sector. The article discusses the global credit card payment industry self-regulation regime established by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (“Council”) to combat cybercrime, comparing and evaluating the Council's existing standards regime to the theory and practices found in the industry self-regulation literature. A review of national cybercrime trends in both the volume and financial impacts (“losses”) of electronic financial record breaches on the U.S. retail sector is presented. After identifying the primary areas of retail electronic records breach vulnerability, an improved industry standards framework is developed that proposes to enhance security and minimize data privacy compromises through the adoption of recommended pure industry self-regulation (improved “security standard”) and market force mechanisms (mandatory “cyber liability insurance coverage”). The article concludes with a discussion of the implementation of the proposed industry self-regulation and market force framework; its current limitations; and what technology advancements may bring in the future to provide more effective security and protection for consumers' personal data and financial transactions.

Nurturing Sustainability, Ethics and CSR in Corporate Communication: Through Regulatory Role of ASCI - An Analytical Study

Ethics in business is a very important issue now, predominantly because of more and more scams getting exposed. Though, it is vital to understand in every province of management, the significance of ethics. The remarkable progress in the arena of market communications demands an investigation into consumers’ perception of ethics in corporate communications. There is a growing progress among academicians and professionals to study the relationship between ethics and sustainability and its impact on corporate communication. Indian Marketers and MNCs effective in India underway realized the significance of ethics and CSR in marketing communication and their role in the business which is capable of taking care of the society’s interest at the same time optimizing the profit of their organizations. This Paper while explaining the importance of ethics in marketing communication to put the businesses on sustainable path attempts to highlight the role played by ASCI (Advertising standard council of India), the self regulatory organisation for advertising content. This paper also gives some case studies which ensure the fact that companies whose marketing communication policies are not ethical are forced to withdraw their advertisement or have been asked to modify that by our regulatory authority of India ASCI (Advertising standard council of India).The lesson learnt from these cases is that ethics has to be nurtured in the marketing communication policies of the companies and is considered to be a sustainable strategy and game changer for Indian corporations.

AWWA Standards Development: Balancing Innovation and Historical Practices

The AWWA Standards Council needs to ensure that AWWA standards continue to cover accepted and proven technologies, while fostering the incorporation of new technologies and advances.

Book Review: New Media and Communication across Religions and Cultures, edited by Isaac Nahon-Serfaty and Rukhsana Ahmed

New Media and Communication across Religions and Cultures. Isaac Nahon-Serfaty and Rukhsana Ahmed, eds. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2014. xxi + 304 pp. $195 hbk.In October 2009, three dozen scholars, media professionals, and community activists from North America, South America, and Europe gathered for a daylong workshop at the University of Ottawa to examine normative issues at the crossroads of communication and religion. Representing disciplines from art, communication studies, and political science to philosophy, religion, and semiotics, the participants scrutinized interfaith practices of religious groups and cultures and religious dimensions of media organizations and productions. For this anthology, University of Ottawa associate professors of communication Isaac Nahon-Serfaty and Rukhsana Ahmed selected nine of the workshop papers and solicited five others. result is a multi-disciplinary collection of papers that highlight ongoing concerns about public dimensions of religion.A few of the chapters stand out. Cult Wars on the Internet by Susan Palmer, a professor of religious studies at Dawson College in Montreal, explains how new religious movements (NRMs) experience cyberspace as both a weapon and a shield. Bypassing commercial media not only allows NRMs to define themselves, but it also makes NRMs vulnerable to secularists who depict them as harmful and to religious opponents who depict them as heretical. Using examples from the Raelians, the Church of Scientology, Hare Krishna, and Falun Gong, Palmer shows how NRM leaders struggle to correct media rumors, to create and maintain evenhanded Wikipedia entries, and to block attacks on their websites. Online challenges increasingly come from dissident members who, as Palmer points out, are sometimes able to instigate reforms within NRMs.Another notable chapter is by Ronald I. Cohen, the National Chair of the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council (CBSC) from 1993 until 2011, who explains how the CBSC has responded to complaints about television and radio broadcasts related to religion. A complaint about the short-lived network program, Dieu recoit (God Receives), resulted in the CBSC finding that the show was neither anti-Catholic nor disdainful of any individual believer despite its irreverent depiction of God as a scrawny, mustachioed, bespectacled administrator who viewed the past, present, and future on his oracle viewing screen. By contrast, the CBSC upheld a complaint about an R. W. Schambach sermon on Power Today in which the evangelist called homosexuals devils and demon possessed. According to Cohen, The right to speak freely does not, in the view of the CBSC, supersede the right of identifiable groups to be free from abusive or unduly discriminatory comment on the basis of, among other things, their religion. …

Status of ground water quality in selected shallow aquifers of Saharsa district, the Kosi megafan, the North Bihar Plains

Water is one of the most indispensable resource and the elixir of life. Ground water is one of the major source of drinking water in India and therefore, it plays a vital role in human health. Generally, ground water is extracted through hand pump in Saharsa district (The Kosi megafan, The North Bihar Plains). Geogenic and anthropogenic activities are the two factors responsible for the quality degradation of ground water. Excessive ground water extraction for agriculture, industries and domestic utilization, made it liable to deterioration. Keeping these considerations, a study was conducted to evaluate the physio-chemical properties viz., pH, EC, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, TDS, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate and iron of water samples obtained from the 10 blocks namely Sattarkatiya, Saurbazar, Kahra, Pattarghat, Navhatta, Banma Ithari, Salkhua, Mahishi, Simri-Bakhtiyarpur and Sonbarsa and the urban region (city part) of Saharsa district, Bihar. Among the various parameters, iron and fluoride content in some locations were found surpassing the permissible limit. The parameters were analyzed and compared with the standards values as prescribed by American Public Health Association (APHA), World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). General recommendation as the permissible limits for iron is 0.3–1 mg/L and fluoride is 1.0–1.5 mg/L. However, status of iron and fluoride in the study area were found in the range of 0.3–4.1 mg/L and 0.2–1.5 mg/L respectively, which shows that there is a requirement of holistic approach to improve the quality of ground water.

Adoption of the 16-Month American Board of Radiology Pathway to Dual Board Certifications in Nuclear Radiology and/or Nuclear Medicine for Diagnostic Radiology Residents

In 2010, the American Board of Radiology (ABR) approved a new 16-month nuclear subspecialty training pathway within a standard 48-month Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited diagnostic radiology (DR) residency available to institutions sponsoring ACGME-accredited nuclear radiology (NR) and/or nuclear medicine (NM) program(s). This accelerated pathway leads to eligibility for dual ABR certifications in DR and NR or in NM by the American Board of Nuclear Medicine (ABNM). The American College of Radiology, in conjunction with the ABR, aimed to understand adoption of this new pathway, barriers to implementation, preferences for subspecialty certification, and competing alternative combined DR/NR/NM training pathways. During 2013-2014, there were 20 ACGME-accredited NR fellowship and 43 ACGME-accredited NM residency programs eligible to adopt this new 16-month pathway. They were surveyed by e-mail correspondence regarding implementation and barriers to implementation, board certification (ABR-NR and ABNM) preferences, and local alternative training pathways. With 100% of the surveys completed, a small cadre of qualifying DR programs (14, 22%) has adopted (9, 14%) or is seriously considering adopting (5, 8%) the 16-month ABR pathway. For most, implementation is problematic with numerous barriers in common. Five (8%) institutions are developing 60-month nontraditional models as alternative routes to ABR-DR/ABR-NR certifications and/or dual ABR/ABNM board certifications. In spite of strategies to promote a shortened training pathway in NR/NM, traditional subspecialty fellowships outside the DR residency remain the dominant pathway leading to ABR subspecialty certification in NR and/or ABNM certification for diagnostic radiologists.

Bases de medición:correspondencia entre lasNormas Internacionales deInformación Financiera, losEstándares Internacionalesde Valuación y el contextoactual colombiano

The International Financial Reporting Standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are a key factor in the internationalization process of the markets, leading to guaranteeing common information as support for the raising of capital. A very important factor in the preparation of the report is the accounting basis. Measurement basis such as fair value impose great valuation challenges, especially for economies in which the markets are not deep and developed enough. Thus, the measurement requirements call for quality valuation processes that minimize any possible distortion of the value; an opportunity for the International Valuation Standards, without a doubt. Based on the definitions of the IASB, the International Valuation Standards Council (IVSC) and the current Colombian principles on measurement basis, there is a stronger link between the fair value definitions of the IFRS, the definition of market value of the IVSC, and the definitions of net realizable value, fair trade value, commercial value, market value and opportunity cost of the Colombian principles. In turn, the definitions with a weaker link are amortized cost, special value and fair value of the IVS.

Change detection technology has changed – for the better

Few experts would argue against the importance of real-time file integrity monitoring (FIM) in an era of fast-changing and sophisticated security threats. It is literally impossible to second guess the method of a breach and therefore the ‘last line of defence’ detection offered by FIM has never been more critical. The worldwide coverage of the recent breach at US retail giant Target shows how vital cyber-security is, and how high the stakes are if your defences are breached. Little wonder that leaders in security best practices – such as NIST, the PCI Security Standards Council and the SANS organisation – all advocate FIM as an essential security defence. File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) is a fundamental factor in the overall fabric of security. That said, having a poorly configured and misused FIM solution is more dangerous than not having one at all. The sad reality is that many organisations are simply flushing away their multi-million dollar investments – and at the same time putting data security and system compromise at risk. Mark Kedgley of New Net Technologies looks at how modern FIM systems can benefit the organisation if they are used correctly.

(G)hosting Television:Ghostwatchand its Medium

This article's subject is Ghostwatch (BBC, 1992), a drama broadcast on Halloween night of 1992 which adopted the rhetoric of live non-fiction programming, and attracted controversy and ultimately censure from the Broadcasting Standards Council. In what follows, we argue that Ghostwatch must be understood as a televisually specific artwork and artefact. We discuss the programme's ludic relationship with some key features of television during what Ellis (2000) has termed its era of ‘availability’: principally liveness, mass simultaneous viewing, and the flow of the television super-text. We trace the programme's television-specific historicity while acknowledging its allusions and debts to other media (most notably film and radio). We explore the sophisticated ways in which Ghostwatch's visual grammar and vocabulary and deployment of ‘broadcast talk’ ( Scannell 1991 ) variously ape, comment upon and subvert the rhetoric of factual programming, and the ends to which these strategies are put. We hope that these arguments collectively demonstrate the aesthetic and historical significance of Ghostwatch and identify its relationship to its medium and that medium's history. We offer the programme as a historically reflexive artefact and as an exemplary instance of the work of art in television's age of broadcasting, liveness and co-presence.

English

The present study attempts to evaluate the quality of the drinking water (tap) particularly heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd) in selected areas of Imphal east district, Manipur. Findings were compared with the Indian Standard (ISI) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for drinking water specification. Concentrations of metals such as iron, cadmium and lead are alarming. They crossed the maximum permissible limit for drinking water standards set by ISI and ICMR.

Nature of green advertisements in India: Are they greenwashed?

This study performs a systematic content analysis of Indian English green print advertisements for the years 2010 and 2011 to verify if greenwashing is prevalent. Green advertisements were analysed based on four dimensions – (1) claim specificity, (2) greenwashing category, (3) incidence of associative claims and (4) presence of certifications. The results indicate that 51.7% of the claims were greenwashed and most of them were vague or ambiguous (37.7%). Most claims lacked specificity (67.0%) and image claims (60.0%) were widely used. Very few advertisements (3.3%) employed certifications to substantiate their claims. Interestingly, we also found that more than half of the image-related claims (55.8%) were categorized as misleading and highly specific claims were considered acceptable. We suggest that either the self-regulatory body – the Advertising Standards Council of India – or the legal regulatory framework accommodate well-defined provisions for regulating green claims in advertisements to curb greenwashing.

In Memoriam

This article pays tribute to John Hamilton “Jack” Robinson, of Mission Hills, Kan., former AWWA president who passed away Dec. 26, 2013. He was born Feb. 14, 1927, in Kansas City, Mo. He joined AWWA in 1952, became a Life Member in 1982, was a trustee for the Kansas Section starting in 1976, chair from 1981 to 1982, and its director from 1982 to 1985, when he became AWWA's national vice‐president. In 1987 he was president of AWWA. Along with the numerous AWWA committees that Robinson chaired, he also served on the Standards Council, General Policy Council, Publications and Marketing Advisory Committee, and the Executive Committee. Robinson received the prestigious Fuller Award in 1983. He also received the Gold Water Drop Award in 2002, was inducted into the Water Industry Hall of Fame in 1997, and was named an honorary member in 1991.