Standardized Psychological Tests Research Articles

CONTINUOUS SCORING OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER PATIENTS BY ANALYZING THEIR EEG SIGNALS

Clinical manifestations and standard psychological tests have been widely used to diagnose autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients and evaluate their severity level. The gold-standard criterion to diagnose ASD patients is the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), which is a qualitative questionnaire that is filled out through a systematic interview while no physiological test/record is performed to determine this score. To make the diagnosis process quantitative, electroencephalography (EEG) signals have been repeatedly analyzed to differentiate healthy subjects from ASD patients. However, the precise relationship between the abnormal behavior of EEG signals and different ASD severity levels is not well investigated. Here, we use CARS to qualitatively determine the severity level of 14 autistic children, who voluntarily enrolled in our study. We recorded their EEG signals from 19 scalp channels when they were awake in the idle state and elicited three informative features including approximation entropy, multiscale entropy and sample entropy in successive time frames. Among the three measures of entropy, the last one exhibits the highest sensitivity, where its correlation coefficient (CC) exceeds 0.7, on the electrode positions T6 (CC [Formula: see text] 0.74), P4 (CC [Formula: see text] 0.76) and Cz (CC [Formula: see text] 0.75). Results of sample entropy in channels Cz-versus-Pz and P4-versus-FP2 show that a simple K-nearest neighbor classifier can provide 93% classification accuracy among patients with mild, moderate and severe ASD levels. Comparing the proposed method to the conventional ones, we also extracted power spectral density features from the channels but they failed to identify the ASD severity level with an acceptable accuracy.

Music Education Within the Concept of Integrated Arts Education and Its Impact on Social and Emotional Skills of Students

The purpose of the study is to determine how communicative skills and emotional intelligence are cultivated in students under the impact of arts on the example of music education. The research involves comparing social and emotional competences of undergraduates and postgraduates with the help of standardized psychological tests and interviews. The article proves that integrated arts education transforms students into emotionally and socially competent individuals.

Psychological Well-Being of Selected Working Students of Bs Psychologyin Pamantasan Ng Cabuyao

The research titled “Psychological Well-Being of Selected Working Students of BS Psychology in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao” aims to achieve two primary objectives: firstly, to delineate the demographic of the respondents, and secondly, to assess the levels of psychological well-being among working college students, focusing on dimensions such as autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. The study surveyed thirty-one (31) fourth-year working students enrolled in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao (University of Cabuyao) using a non-probability sampling technique, specifically employing purposive sampling to ensure meticulous identification of psychological well-being levels. Employing a quantitative approach, the researchers administered a standardized psychological test vetted by three psychology professionals to acquire pertinent data. After data collection, statistical analyses, including frequency and percentage distribution, weighted mean, and standard deviation, were employed by a statistician for comprehensive tabulation and interpretation. A purposive sampling methodology was used, along with non-probability sampling techniques, to enhance the study’s validity and reliability. The study’s findings revealed a noteworthy insight: a low level of psychological well-being among selected working BS Psychology students in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao (University of Cabuyao) across various dimensions, including autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. These findings provide significant insights into the psychological landscape of working students within the specified program, emphasizing the importance of addressing and enhancing psychological well-being among this demographic.

Long-term effects of doping with anabolic steroids during adolescence on physical and mental health.

Systematic doping programs like in the GDR were applied in adolescent competitive athletes to induce supramaximal athletic performance. The substances had adverse somatic and psychological effects. The psychological development of the young athletes was impaired and they suffered in adulthood from long-term effects and secondary diseases even years after the doping period. The study compared three groups: competitive athletes with doping(I), competitive athletes without doping(II) and persons with no sports activities(III). Somatic and psychological diseases were analyzed to identify the adverse effects of doping in the most vulnerable phase of development in adolescence. Participants were asked to supply a patient history and completed a questionnaire with standardized psychological tests. The doping cohort had a higher rate of somatic diseases, psychological disorders and social and professional difficulties. The differences were gender-specific with males more often having impaired liver function, depression, tumors and difficulties associated with the workplace . The doping group reported more emotional and physical neglect during childhood. They proved to be less optimistic but more pessimistic, to perceive less social support and to be more depressive. The study identified less extraversion and more neuroticism. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurred in a small number of participants in the doping group. Doping is associated with psychiatric variables. Predictors were the subscale identifying feelings of the Toronto alexithymia scale 20 (TAS-20), the sense of coherence and the Beck depression inventory 2 (BDI-II) and the Beck depression inventory (BDI). Physical and psychosocial effects imply correlation with the application of doping substances but might not only be due to the side effects of these substances but also caused by the system, which exerts great psychological pressure and stress during adolescence, ahighly vulnerable phase.

Особенности функционирования когнитивных процессов студентов в ситуациях прослушивания различных музыкальных жанров

As an integral part of human culture, music affects cognitive processes and emotional states. This research featured the impact that different musical genres produce on cognitive processes. The experiments involved the survey method, as well as standard psychological tests and tools for cognitive assessment that measured concentration, memory capacity, and mood. The study involved 135 university students aged 18–27 y.o.; they were divided into nine independent groups of 15 people in each. The students were exposed to musical compositions of three genres: classical music, rock music, and electronic music. Each genre covered three test groups. Their cognitive performance was analyzed before and after the experimental stage. The differences in cognitive performance obtained for various musical genres can have practical application in education and psychotherapy. Classical music increased attention, enhanced memory capacity, and stabilized mood whereas rock music and electronic music had a multidirectional effect. 
 This article casts a new perspective on the mechanisms of interaction between music and cognitive processes, thus expanding the existing database in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive sciences.

The use of Cytoflavin in the post-withdrawal period in patients with alcohol dependence

BACKGROUND: The issues of therapy of dependence on psychoactive substances remain relevant at present, focusing on the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of these patients in the first place.
 AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of a course of Cytoflavin in patients with alcohol dependency during the post-abstinence period.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: An open, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study of the antioxidant Cytoflavin (10 mL/day, 5 days) effectiveness to correct emotional and motivational disorders after the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome was performed in 30 patients with alcohol dependency. Anamnestic information, the clinical picture of the disease, and psychological tests the Holmes and Rage method (the degree of stress tolerance and social adaptation) and alcohol consumption motivation test (ACMT) were used to verify alcohol dependency. Before and after Cytoflavin treatment, the psychological indicators and complaints were recorded. According to the alcohol intake questionnaire, the psychological state of the patients was assessed based on a package of standard psychological tests, including the Wasserman test (level of neuroticism), Spielberger test (level of anxiety), Hamilton test (level of depression), SAN test (self-assessment of well-being, activity, and mood), and degree of craving for alcohol. For pairwise conjugated variants, the significance of differences was determined using the Students t-test; statistical analysis was performed using the standard Statistica for Windows software package.
 RESULTS: In general, the course use of Cytoflavin treatment improved clinical and psychological parameters in patients with alcohol dependency in the post-abstinence period.
 CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the use of the drug as a component of a comprehensive therapeutic program for alcohol dependency is highly promising.

A rational approach to drug therapy of acute bacterial sinusitis in patients who have had a coronavirus infection

Introduction. In the complex therapy of acute bacterial sinusitis, drugs that have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic effects are widely used. The article discusses the effectiveness of the use of a phytopreparation containing standardized myrtol, limonene, cineol and alpha – pinene in the treatment of acute sinusitis in patients who have undergone SARS-CoV-2.Aim. To increase the effectiveness of conservative therapy of acute bacterial sinusitis in people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) using a complex phytopreparation.Materials and methods. A simple randomized controlled clinical research study involved 83 patients suffering from acute bacterial sinusitis after a coronavirus infection. Potential, safety and recovery time were evaluated in two groups: a group of patients (n = 41) taking standardized Myrtol limonel, cineol and alpha – pinene (a phytotherapeutic drug), compared with a group (n = 42) taking an antibacterial drug. The severity of clinical manifestations was assessed according to the VAS scale, cognitive functions and memory were carried out using standard psychological tests and an assessment of the quality of life according to SNOT-22.Results and discussion. The use of Respero Myrtol forte, containing standardized Myrtol limonel, cineol and alpha-pinene, in the complex therapy of bacterial sinusitis in people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly improved clinical symptoms, cognitive functions and the quality of life. Good drug tolerance, high potential and safety, recovery and improvement of the quality of life at an early date were noted.Conclusions. In the treatment of patients with bacterial sinusitis in people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), Respiro Myrtol forte has shown high antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and mucolytic effects, good bioavailability, tolerance and safety.

“The most ideal form of scientific collaboration”: Applied racial psychology at the Institut für Deutsche Ostarbeit in Kraków (1942)


 
 
 In August 1942, anthropologist Elfriede Fliethmann and psychologist Ferdinand Carspecken tried various standardized psychological tests during a field examination in the Southern Polish town of Witów. Sources suggest that subsequent studies were intended to provide a “scientific” justification for the regime’s ethnic reorganization plans, similarly to a study in the Reichsgau Wartheland by psychologist Rudolf Hippius in the same summer. By employing a comparative mode of enquiry, the case study presented here gives a rare insight into then newly established scientific field: on the interface between anthropology and psychology, the concept of Rassenpsychologie (racial psychology) aimed to close the proclaimed gap between the natural sciences and humanities. Due to its fundamental conception the field was thus predestined to serve the Nazi regime. Investigating specific research practices of the (junior) scientists involved helps us under- stand further development of the concept of race, and thus the foundation of National Socialist ideology.
 
 

Psychological suppressive profile and autoantibodies variability in women living with breast cancer: A prospective cross-sectional study

Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of women's morbimortality worldwide. Unfortunately, attempts to predict women's susceptibility to developing BC well before it becomes symptomatic, based on their genetic, family, and reproductive background have proved unsatisfactory. Here we analyze the matching of personality traits and protein serum profiles to predict women's susceptibility to developing cancer. We conducted a prospective study among 150 women (aged 18–70 years), who were distributed into three groups (n = 50): women without breast pathology and women diagnosed with BC or benign breast pathology. Psychological data were obtained through standardized psychological tests and serum protein samples were analyzed through semiquantitative protein immunoblotting. The matching for psychological and immunological profiles was constructed from these data using a mathematical generalized linear model.The model predicted that women who have stronger associations between high-intensity stress responses, emotional containment, and an increased number and reduced variability of serum proteins (detected by IgG autoantibodies) have the greatest susceptibility to develop BC before the disease has manifested clinically. Hence, the present study endorses the possibility of using psychological and biochemical tests in combination to increase the possibility of identifying women at risk of developing BC before the disease shows clinical manifestations. A longitudinal study must be instrumented to test the prediction ability of the instrument in real scenarios. Trial registrationCommittee of Ethical Research of the Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Ministry of Health (DI/12/111/03/064).

Effects of relaxation slide-films on the functional state of psychology students

IntroductionVisual images and music have long been known as a means to optimize emotions (Galeev, 1976; Gotsdiner, 1993). Together (eg in audio-visual slide-films) they may help students and professional cope with the negative side of intensive workloads (fatigue, stress, anxiety).ObjectivesOur study attempts a multi-level assessment of the relaxation effect of a slide-film as part of student education.MethodsSample - 46 psychology students. The 20 minute relaxation film was shown after lectures and discussion of a forthcoming examination. Measures: standard psychological and physiological functional state tests and a cognitive task before and after the film (Leonova & Kapitsa, 2003); an original questionnaire revealing individual associations and experiences felt during the film.ResultsThe results showed pronounced subjective discomfort and anxiety before the film. The relaxation film resulted in lowered blood pressure, increased subjective comfort, decreased fatigue and acute anxiety, and negative emotion scores, as well as higher productivity in performing the cognitive test (Student t-test, p<0.005-0.001). Concentration on the film subject, as well as the combination of the student’s thoughts and associations around the plot, showed a positive correlation with the amount of relaxation effect.ConclusionsOur research showed that using the relaxation slide-film (with imagery and music) can provide positive effects on students’ functional state. It also revealed the importance of the relevance of individual experience to the subject of the film to obtain optimal positive effects.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

A deep learning based method for intelligent detection of seafarers' mental health condition

Mental health monitoring of seafarers is an important part of achieving normal development of the ocean shipping industry. In this paper, a dual subjective–objective testing scheme is proposed to achieve a more effective and intelligent assessment of seafarers' mental health status. Firstly, a new seafarers' mental health test scale (SMHT) is revised based on fuzzy factor analysis and the test data of 283 marine practitioners are analyzed using SPSS v24 software; secondly, this paper proposes an intelligent framework module for immersive subjective emotion extraction based on natural language processing, namely semantic summary extraction (SSE), speech emotion extraction (SEE), using hybrid scoring mechanism to obtain semantic and emotion matching values and assist the seafarer mental health scale to obtain the final correction score. The results showed that the assessment results of the SMHT scale exhibited good reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.852 in (0.80{-}0.90) and retest reliability R of 0.873in (0.85{-}0.90)) and scale association validity (for SCL-90, (text{r}= 0.468{-}0.841)>0.45). In addition, the calibration rate of the subject-object dual test method was improved by approximately 12.05% compared to the traditional mental health scale. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of this solution were compared with mental health testing techniques such as CAT, machine learning, SCL-90, and fMRI, and the method demonstrated more accurate psychological testing results, providing a simple and intelligent solution for standardized psychological testing of seafarers.

Stress as a modifier of the effects of technogenic and radiation exposure within low doses area

Introduction. Currently, the influence of the psychoemotional state of a person on the results of exposure to exogenous damaging factors is well studied. However, until now, this circumstance has been taken into account when assessing the stochastic effects of radiation. The work is devoted to analyzing the influence of the psychoemotional state of a person (stress) on the results of irradiation in the range of 10-1000 mGy. Materials and methods. The results of our research and literature data on the effects of chemical and radiation factors, taking into account the level of stress, on the health of the studied cohorts are summarized. Results. The article summarizes the results of our studies of the effects of genome instability in adults and children from large and small industrial cities of Russia and Kazakhstan, taking into account the severity of stress. It was shown that the genotoxic effects of exogenous toxic and radiation factors acting, including in vitro, were comparable with the degree of severity of stress determined using standard psychological tests. The main damaging factor in the groups of liquidators was the state of pronounced maladaptive stress. The study established that to assess the stochastic effects of training and their relationship with the dose, it is also necessary to allocate a group of adaptive and maladaptive stress based on the results of stress testing. The differences in the results can be 2-3 times. The authors propose a new approach to stress assessment, which provides an adequate forecast of possible changes in the individual sensitivity of the genome to the action of exogenous toxic and genotoxic factors, including ionizing radiation. Conclusion. The peculiarities of the body’s perception of weak stressors of a physical nature should be taken into account when analyzing the medical consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation. To quantify the stochastic effects of the effectiveness of protective measures, it is proposed to use a coefficient that considers the impact of stress - the stress coefficient (SC), and its value, before conducting clarifying studies, should be taken equal to 2.

Genogram of excitatory stimuli from S-ONapp application in Premature Ejaculation. Case Study

Objective: The aim of this case study is to change the cognitive-behavioral and sex-therapy mechanisms to reduce sexual distress, relieve anxiety and shift the focus to solving the problem of premature ejaculation of a 35-year-old patient, reaching the stage of changing the sexual focus with the sensory one, by diversifying the excitatory stimuli so that his pleasure and satisfaction help him maintain a normal functioning of his sexual and mental life. Methods: In the therapeutic intervention we applied CBT intervention techniques in cognitive behavioral therapy thus analyzing cognitions, behaviors, and emotions. 1. Standard testing, 2. Sexual testing, 3. Treatment plan. The standard clinical psychological testing used anamnesis and clinical observation, structured, semi-structured and unstructured clinical interviews (Delcea C. 2021) as well as clinical evaluation scales The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD 7), The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ- 9) Depression Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI II), Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-40), Symptom Checklist 90-R, Attachment Style Identification Questionnaire (Diana Poole Heller). For sexual testing we used the PESI-Premature Ejaculation Severity Index questionnaire, sexual interviews (Delcea C., 2021). Methodology used in sex therapy intervention: 1. To understand the stimuli of excitement, pleasure, and relaxation, we used the Genogram of excitatory stimuli (Delcea C., 2019) to focus other stimuli on the favorite erogenous zone of the present model of arousal. 2. We used the CBE model (Cognition, Behavior, Emotion) in the cognitive restructuring of dysfunctional cognitions as well as the relational model for identifying and establishing the couple relationship and relational cooperation as well as intimacy and communication. 3. We decreased sexual distress involving decreased performance anxiety as well as relaxation techniques, anticipatory steps technique, distributive thinking technique, management technique, sexual anxiety (fear of performance), disturbance management, relationship management (Standardized intervention model SON, Delcea C ., 2019) as well as progressive desensitization, awareness of critical points and self-help by taking responsibility for the problem, gaining control over ejaculation and understanding the situation of premature ejaculation, improving communication, overcoming the barrier of privacy, accepting one's feelings about dysfunction, growth in one's own sexual performance as well as resolving interpersonal conflicts that maintain dysfunction. 4. Methods of Psychoeducation: The human sexual response, the anatomy and physiology of the male and female body as well as the analysis of the genitals, the change of the cognitive system regarding everything in a positive and playful note of the situation. Results: In the PHQ-9 test score = 10, the subject has no clinical depression. In the GAD-7 test, the score = 8 shows that the subject has a slight anxiety, which correlates with the interview data regarding his performance anxiety. In the TSC 40 test score = 10, the subject does not present clinical symptoms of trauma. In the BDI test - 2 score = 12, it shows the presence of a slight mood disorder without symptoms of clinical depression. The SC 90-R test does not show any mental disorders present on Axis I - II. From the test we notice that Marian has a slight anxiety related to his sexual problem of premature ejaculation, thus finding out that the anxiety causes him a slight fear of sexual performance. He had unrealistic expectations of him as a man considering that a normal sexual act lasts 30 minutes, having no control over his ejaculation, his sexual scenarios and fantasies being unimaginative, he is seeing sexuality as a performance not as an exchange of emotions and feelings in the making of moments of affection. Conclusions: Following the applied methodology, the subject presented a positive evolution, acquiring information about his dysfunction and the human sexual response.

Temporal perspective and mental functioning of socially maladjusted youth held in conditions of institutional isolation

Introduction: The aim of the research presented was to determine whether the temporal perspective of socially maladjusted adolescents, held against their will in conditions of institutional isolation, can be linked to the level of their mental functioning. Method: The researchers applied standardized psychological tests in a survey of a group of 311 adolescents (38 females, 273 males), aged 13–18, who were held in a youth education center (YEC) following family court rulings. Results: After a psychological characterization of three groups of adolescents with different temporal perspectives, distinguished on the basis of cluster analysis, it was proven that the temporal perspective of adolescents held in institutional isolation is crucial to the quality of their mental functioning. The participants who scored significantly lower in all dimensions of temporal perspective seemed to be experiencing lower-intensity loneliness, depression and stress. Those, on the other hand, whose perspective was of the present-hedonistic or past-negative types felt lonelier, lived under more stress and suffered from more severe forms of depression. The teenagers whose temporal perspective was past-positive and future-oriented turned out to be most balanced in terms of the investigated psychological variables, which may confirm the importance of a balanced temporal perspective for good quality of life. Conclusions: The strongest effect was found in relation to peer and family loneliness, which indicates the importance of family and peers in the teenagers’ psychosocial development. These findings promote further reflection on the legitimacy of institutional measures used in the rehabilitation of socially maladjusted youth to date, and the search for new, effective kinds of social rehabilitation intervention.

Feature Extraction to Identify Depression and Anxiety Based on EEG.

Biomarkers in neurophysiological signals can be analyzed to determine indicators of mood disorders for diagnosis. In this paper, EEG signals were analyzed from a public database of 119 subjects ages 18 to 24 performing a cognitive task. 45 subjects had moderate to severe anxiety and/or depression and the remaining 74 subjects had minimal or none. A subject's level of depression and/or anxiety was classified by standard psychological tests. EEG signals were preprocessed and separated into frequency bands: beta (12-30 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz) and delta (0.5-4 Hz). Features were extracted including Higuchi Fractal Dimension, correlation dimension, approximate entropy, Lyapunov exponent and detrended fluctuation analysis. Similarities, and asymmetry can be examined between the left and right brain hemispheres as well as the prefrontal cortex channels. ANOVA II analysis showed a significant difference (p<0.05) for topographical region comparisons of several features between the affected and unaffected subjects for specific features. The results demonstrate physiological asymmetry between high scoring subjects indicating a mood disorder, with low scoring, to be used as an indicator of illness. Understanding the complexities of how depression and anxiety are manifested physiologically including its comorbidities, is critical for accurate and objective diagnosis of mood and anxiety order disorders.

Neurocognitive outcomes following fetal exposure to chemotherapy for gestational breast cancer: A Canadian multi-center cohort study

BackgroundLimited knowledge exists on outcomes of children exposed prenatally to chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC). The purpose of this study was to compare long-term neurocognitive, behavioral, developmental, growth, and health outcomes of children exposed in-utero to chemotherapy for BC. MethodsThis is a multi-center matched cross-sectional cohort study involving seven cancer centers across the region of Southern Ontario (Canada), and the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario). Using standardized psychological and behavioral tests, we compared cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children exposed to chemotherapy during pregnancy for BC to age-matched pairs exposed to known non-teratogens. ResultsWe recruited 17 parent-child pairs and their matched controls. There were more preterm deliveries in the chemotherapy-exposed group compared to controls (p < 0.05). Full Scale IQ of children in the chemotherapy group was significantly confounded by maternal IQ and prematurity. Exposed children born at term were not different in cognitive outcomes. Children from both groups were similar in their developmental milestones, pediatric anthropometric measurements and health problems. There were no cases of autoimmune cytopenia. ConclusionsThis is the first Canadian prospective comparative study designed to assess pediatric cognition following prenatal exposure to chemotherapy for BC. Chemotherapy was not found to be neurotoxic in this cohort and did not affect pediatric health. The decision to plan a preterm birth for initiating or continuing chemotherapy treatment must be taken into consideration in context of pediatric implications. While these results may assist in such decision making, replication with a larger sample is needed for more conclusive findings.

Age-related differences in the use of relaxation techniques during intensive professional training

IntroductionIntensive professional training is widely used in modern organizations, as it helps employees adapt to dynamic work and technology changes (Noe, 2010; Patrick, 2000). Relaxation techniques may reduce the negative effects of intense learning processes (i.e. fatigue, anxiety and stress). They can also enhance the productivity of the training itself by helping to achieve optimal states for the completion of learning goals.ObjectivesOur study concerns differences in mastering relaxation techniques by employees of younger and middle-age groups during intensive professional training.MethodsSample - 62 employees, participants of communication training. The 15-min session of progressive relaxation combined with autogenic formulae was conducted after 5 hours of intensive training. Measures: standard psychological and physiological functional state tests (Leonova &amp; Kapitsa, 2003); an information perception task.ResultsThe efficiency of the relaxation techniques varied between different age groups: younger participants (aged 20-30) were more successful in managing both tasks – learning new relaxation skills and achieving deeper rest (including more apparent positive physiological effects). They were also more prepared for completing the information perception task (they made less mistakes). Older participants (aged 30-50) experienced more difficulties with the new relaxation skills and used relaxation primarily to restore their psychophysiological resources, rather than to prepare for the upcoming training task.ConclusionsThe results showed that relaxation techniques provide a system optimization effect on the participants of intensive training programs, though participants’ individual differences (ie age, length of service) should be taken into account when planning the outcomes of such interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Субъективная оценка мест жителями Санкт-Петербурга

Введение. Комфортное место найти сложно: коллективные представления о должном комфорте разнятся с индивидуальными ощущениями; оценка места имеет в основе ощущения индивидуальные и коллективные представления. Ощущения заменяются представлениями, в результате определение и трансляция ощущений затрудняются. Проблема – определение ощущений, отделение от представлений; решение – исследование оценок места и поиска влияющих факторов. Гипотеза: предикторами оценок являются темперамент и самоощущение; дополнительная гипотеза: синтезирующая ощущения от места – категория «приятности». Новизна – в комплексном эмпирическом исследовании со стандартизированными психологическими методиками одновременно с нейродевайсом, выходом из лаборатории на улицу; объединяющим элементом служит авторский опросник «оценки мест». Методы. Приведены данные о субъективной оценке мест, факторном и регрессионном анализе этих факторов. Предикторы: баллы респондентов по опросникам САМОАЛ Э. Шострома, МИС С. Р. Пантилеева, «Суверенность психологического пространства» С. К. Нартовой-Бочавер, тест на темперамент EPI Г. Айзенка (вариант В) и Я. Стреляу, тест «Индекс жизненной удовлетворенности». Проверка состояния перед исследованием – опросник САН, место ассоциировалось с цветом из набора Люшера, обработка по методике ЦТО А. М. Эткинда. Выборка: 31 житель Санкт-Петербурга, средний возраст 26,68 лет (женщин 56,7 %, мужчин 43,3 %), на маршруте из 4-х мест протяженностью 1,5 км на Васильевском острове. Результаты. Распределение корреляций в зависимости от новизны места и активности свидетельствует о влиянии параметров в субъективном выражении на оценку. Составлены регрессионные уравнения для оценок, продемонстрировано влияние предикторов самоощущения и темперамента на оценку места. Обсуждение результатов. Категории «притягивающее» и «отталкивающее» определены как совокупные, составлены формулы: место оценивается притягивающим, если комфортное и уютное, а отталкивающим – если нечистое и вызывает тревогу. Предложены рекомендации бывать чаще в новых местах с наименьшей активностью – так легче осознать ощущения.

The Effect of Informal Cooperative Activity through Online Learning on the Understanding of Physics Concept

Educators believe that online learning has many opportunities in providing a conducive learning environment relevant to student characteristics. This study explores the impact of cooperative online learning on student learning outcomes. To reduce the influence of other effected variables, covariates used as control variables were students' interest in learning and numerical abilities. The type of cooperative learning model used in this study was Think Pair Share (TPS) which were integrated into Schoology as a learning management system (LMS). This learning strategy was applied to eleventh-grade students for elasticity topic. The research method was a pretest-posttest controlled group design. Test techniques (10 items of essays) were used to measure learning achievement. Questionnaires with a Likert scale were used to measure learning interest using the ARCS (attention, relevance, and satisfaction) model (34 items). Numerical ability data was collected from secondary data (standard psychological test). The statistical test used in this study was Conbrach's Product Moment from Pearson for item validity, using Cronbach's Alpha for item reliability, ANCOVA to analyze the differences among group means as the effect analysis. The results finding were the group of students taught by the proposed strategy had higher learning outcomes than another group of students. Learning interests and numerical abilities could be used as predictors for improving student learning outcomes. It means that we can apply the online cooperative learning using a specific LMS to promote the increase of student's learning performance.

Own Motivation, Peer Motivation, and Educational Success

I study how motivation shapes own and peers' educational success. Using data from Project STAR, I find that academic motivation in early elementary school, as measured by a standardized psychological test, predicts contemporaneous and future test scores, high school GPA, and college-test taking over and above cognitive skills. Exploiting random assignment of students to classes, I find that exposure to motivated classmates causally affects contemporaneous reading achievement, a peer effect that operates over and above spillovers from classmates' past achievement and socio-demographic composition. However, peer motivation does not affect longer-term educational success, likely because it does not change own motivation.