Standard Design Research Articles

Fatigue Assessment of Rib–Deck Welded Joints in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks Under Traffic Loading

Rib–deck (RD) welded joints in orthotropic steel bridge decks are prone to different fatigue crack mechanisms. Standard fatigue design methods are inadequate for some of these mechanisms under multiaxial non-proportional loading conditions. This study presents a framework to assess fatigue damage at RD welded joints, considering the different crack mechanisms based on the equivalent structural stress method and its extension to multiaxial non-proportional fatigue, which is the path-dependent maximum stress range (PDMR) cycle counting algorithm. The method is validated for uniaxial loading by using experimental data from the literature. Additionally, non-proportional fatigue damage at RD welded joints of a suspension bridge girder is investigated under simulated random traffic loading. The analyses reveal the limitations of the nominal stress approach to account for complex stress field variations. The PDMR method, more suited to capture the stress path dependency of non-proportional fatigue damage than the hot spot and critical plane-based methods, predicts higher fatigue damage. A comprehensive fatigue test campaign of full-scale RD welded joints is necessary to better understand their fatigue behaviour under multiaxial loading. Until more experimental data are available, the PDMR method is recommended for fatigue verifications of welded RD joints as it yields safer predictions.

Online High-Definition Map Construction for Autonomous Vehicles: A Comprehensive Survey

High-definition (HD) maps aim to provide detailed road information with centimeter-level accuracy, essential for enabling precise navigation and safe operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Traditional offline construction methods involve several complex steps, such as data collection, point cloud generation, and feature extraction, but these methods are resource-intensive and struggle to keep pace with the rapidly changing road environments. In contrast, online HD map construction leverages onboard sensor data to dynamically generate local HD maps, offering a bird’s-eye view (BEV) representation of the surrounding road environment. This approach has the potential to improve adaptability to spatial and temporal changes in road conditions while enhancing cost-efficiency by reducing the dependency on frequent map updates and expensive survey fleets. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of online HD map construction, including the task background, high-level motivations, research methodology, key advancements, existing challenges, and future trends. We systematically review the latest advancements in three key sub-tasks: map segmentation, map element detection, and lane graph construction, aiming to bridge gaps in the current literature. We also discuss existing challenges and future trends, covering standardized map representation design, multitask learning, and multi-modality fusion, while offering suggestions for potential improvements.

Variation in Structural Characteristics Among Twenty Medical-Psychiatry Units in the United States: A Survey-Based Study.

Medical Psychiatric Units (MPUs) are specialized hospital units providing integrated care for patients with co-occurring medical and psychiatric illnesses. Despite their growing relevance, data on their structural characteristics in the United States remain sparse. This study aims to inventory and analyze the structural characteristics of 20 US MPUs, categorizing them using Kathol's and Van Schijndel's frameworks, and identifying shared components to inform future MPU design and quality standards. A structured telephone survey was conducted with 20 MPUs from 15 states. Units were categorized as Medical Attending MPUs, Psychiatric Attending MPUs, or Co-Attending MPUs, based on physician involvement. Characteristics assessed included medical and psychiatric acuity capabilities, staffing, physical design, and diagnostic services. Data were analyzed for shared and variable characteristics, and findings were compared with prior studies. Most MPUs aligned with Kathol's Type III, characterized by medium to high medical and psychiatric acuity capabilities. Shared characteristics included integrated nursing practices, 24/7 diagnostic availability, and access to ICU-level care. However, significant variation existed in location, staffing, and technical capabilities. Most units were Psychiatry Attending or Co-attending MPUs. The US MPUs included primarily serve patients with medium to severe medical and psychiatric illnesses. Our findings highlight shared and variable features across MPUs, emphasizing the role of contextual needs and financial incentives in shaping their design. This study provides the most comprehensive inventory of US MPUs to date and proposes features to guide future MPU development and standardization.

A hybrid Prairie INFO fission naked algorithm with stagnation mechanism for the parametric estimation of solar photovoltaic systems

This paper presents a study to enhance the performance of a recently introduced naked mole-rat algorithm (NMRA), by local optima avoidance, and better exploration as well as exploitation properties. A new set of algorithms, namely Prairie dog optimization algorithm, INFO, and Fission fusion optimization algorithm (FuFiO) are included in the fundamental framework of NMRA to enhance the exploration operation. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid algorithm based on four algorithms: Prairie Dog, INFO, Fission Fusion and Naked mole-rat (PIFN) algorithm. Five new mutation operators/inertia weights are exploited to make the algorithm self-adaptive in nature. Apart from that, a new stagnation phase is added for local optima avoidance. The proposed algorithm is tested for variable population, dimension size, and efficient set of parameters is analysed to make the algorithm self-adaptive in nature. Friedman as well as Wilcoxon rank-sum tests are performed to determine the effectiveness of the PIFN algorithm. On the basis of a comparison of outcomes, the PIFN algorithm is more effective and robust than the other optimization techniques evaluated by prior researchers to address standard benchmark functions (classical benchmarks, CEC 2017, and CEC-2019) and complex engineering design challenges. Furthermore, the effectiveness as well as reliability of the PIFN algorithm is demonstrated by testing using various PV modules, namely the RTC France Solar Cell (SDM, and DDM), Photowatt-PWP201, STM6- 40/36, and STP6-120/36 module. The results obtained from the PIFN algorithm are compared with various MH algorithms reported in the existing literature. The PIFN algorithm achieved the lowest root-mean-square error value, for RTC France Solar Cell (SDM) is 7.72E−04, RTC France Solar Cell (DDM) is 7.59E−04, STP6-120/36 module is 1.44E−02, STM6-40/36 module is 1.723E−03, and Photowatt-PWP201 module is 2.06E−03, respectively. In order to enhance the accuracy of the obtained results of parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic systems, we integrated the Newton-Raphson approach with the PIFN algorithm. Experimental and statistical results further prove the significance of the PIFN algorithm with respect to other algorithms.

The Course Design of “Movement and Myofascial Chain” Improves the Level of Exercise Rehabilitation of Medical Students

As the central theme of The Times, innovation has put forward new requirements for the development of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Through investigation, it was found that as an emerging theory, the course development of motor fasciology was in a blank state. This study analyzed the current situation and influencing factors of motor fasciology of undergraduates in a medical college by questionnaire survey. To design the basic theoretical framework of curriculum design based on Taylor’s goal model, choose the teaching content, method, and teaching evaluation of constructivism learning theory, combined with the six steps of medical curriculum design, the standard design of “sports and muscular chain” course in medical college was carried out, including the nature and objectives of the course, teaching content, teaching method, school allocation, and teaching evaluation. Expert consultation was used to demonstrate the critical elements of the course, and finally, the curriculum standards of movement and myofascial chain for medical students were determined. The educational experiment scheme was used to evaluate the effect of the curriculum. The effect of the exercise and myofascial chain curriculum standards was evaluated through a mixed research design combining quantitative and qualitative research, and an experimental evaluation tool was developed. The changes in exercise rehabilitation knowledge and skills based on exercise and the myofascial chain were analyzed before and after the course. Semi-structured personal interviews were conducted to understand the gains and changes in course learning and the evaluation and suggestions for the course. The Movement and Myofascial Chain courses can change students’ cognition of exercise rehabilitation, improve students’ ability to deal with sports injuries, and broaden students’ horizons, enhancing physical literacy by deepening medical students’ understanding of exercise rehabilitation, equipping them with practical skills to address sports injuries, and broadening their perspectives on integrated healthcare practices in both Chinese and Western medicine.

Validation of a contour diagram-based model for monopile cyclic design in sand and clay

Abstract Monopiles are the most popular type of foundation for offshore wind turbines. Although capturing the effects of cyclic loading is critical to the design of monopiles, there is no recommended approach in the main design standards and no consensus in the literature as to how this can be achieved. Hence, this paper presents the step-by-step methodology and validation of a new cyclic model in sand and clay. The model consists of the degradation of monotonic soil reaction curves based on soil cyclic contour diagrams. The model is found to provide a very satisfactory match with the PISA field tests in Dunkirk dense marine sand and Cowden stiff glacial till.

Co-designing a pedagogical model for immersive virtual environments in healthcare education

ABSTRACT Technology is flooding the healthcare sector, making it essential to advance pedagogy in conjunction with technology. The aim of this study was to inquiry about participants` learning experience with IVR application and to co-design a pedagogical model for using IVR in healthcare education. The study employed a design-based approach utilizing several data gathering and analysis methods. After each learning experience, data were gathered through an online questionnaire utilizing the standardized simulation design scale. After the experiment, participants co-designed a pedagogical framework based on their learning experience. Data were analyzed using qualitative methods and descriptive statistics (M, MD). Altogether, the study involved 47 informants. Based on the data analysis, the participants were generally satisfied with IVR and believed it offered enhanced possibilities for training, although there were doubts about whether it actually helped them learn. Participants valued the support provided by the facilitators, whereas statements concerning the fidelity of the scenarios scored lowest. The pedagogical framework was developed based on the data. The study’s results can be utilized when designing immersive learning experiences for healthcare students and professionals.

The Use of Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) in Physical Activity Interventions: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Introduction Adaptive interventions involve a sequence of treatments tailored to individual responses, requiring multiple treatment decisions throughout an individual’s treatment pathway. Effective management of many chronic health conditions requires interventions adapted to individual performance. Physical activity (PA) is central to risk reduction therapies for chronic conditions. PA interventions are complex, multidimensional, and tailored to individual responses over time, requiring flexible study designs. However, PA intervention evidence is dominated by standard trial designs for non-adaptive interventions. A sequential, multiple assignment, randomised trial (SMART) design was developed to build adaptive interventions. SMARTs are factorial designs with sequential settings. Despite their potential for developing flexible interventions, SMARTs are relatively new in PA research. This review examines the state of SMART designs in PA interventions, focusing on study characteristics, design, and analysis methods. Methods and analysis A systematic review of SMARTs, wherein the intervention consisted of a PA intervention, will be conducted (June 2023). The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, and CINAHL. The reference lists of all the identified studies will be reviewed to identify additional studies for inclusion. The titles and abstracts were independently screened by two review authors for selection. Any disagreement regarding inclusion was resolved by discussion or by referral to a third assessor. The methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. This review will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Ethics and dissemination As this systematic review will only collect secondary data, ethical approval is not required. These findings will be disseminated through academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals.

TAD-SIE: sample size estimation for clinical randomized controlled trials using a Trend-Adaptive Design with a Synthetic-Intervention-Based Estimator

BackgroundPhase-3 clinical trials provide the highest level of evidence on drug safety and effectiveness needed for market approval by implementing large randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, 30–40% of these trials fail mainly because such studies have inadequate sample sizes, stemming from the inability to obtain accurate initial estimates of average treatment effect parameters.MethodsTo remove this obstacle from the drug development cycle, we present a new algorithm called Trend-Adaptive Design with a Synthetic-Intervention-Based Estimator (TAD-SIE) that powers a parallel-group trial, a standard RCT design, by leveraging a state-of-the-art hypothesis testing strategy and a novel trend-adaptive design (TAD). Specifically, TAD-SIE uses synthetic intervention (SI) to estimate individual treatment effects and thereby simulate a cross-over design, which makes it easier for a trial to reach target power within trial constraints (e.g., sample size limits). To estimate sample sizes, TAD-SIE implements a new TAD tailored to SI given that using it violates assumptions under standard TADs. In addition, our TAD overcomes the ineffectiveness of standard TADs by allowing sample sizes to be increased across iterations without any condition while controlling significance level with futility stopping. Our TAD also introduces a hyperparameter that enables trial designers to trade off between accuracy and efficiency (sample size and number of iterations) of the solution.ResultsOn a real-world Phase-3 clinical RCT (i.e., a two-arm parallel-group superiority trial with an equal number of subjects per arm), TAD-SIE obtains operating points ranging between 63% to 84% power and 3% to 6% significance level in contrast to baseline algorithms that get at best 49% power and 6% significance level.ConclusionTAD-SIE is a superior TAD that can be used to reach typical target operating points but only for trials with rapidly measurable primary outcomes due to its sequential nature. The framework is useful to practitioners interested in leveraging the SI algorithm for their study design.

Investigation of Welding-Induced Residual Stresses in a Herringbone Column Using the Blind Hole Technique: An Experimental and Numerical Study

The current research investigates the effect of residual stresses from welding on the stability of steel structures, particularly the herringbone column undulating cross-truss structure in the Zhengzhou New International Exhibition Center project. Residual stresses at 30 key points were measured using the blind hole method, and the temperature and stress fields under thermal coupling were analyzed using numerical simulation techniques. The measured residual stresses of the welded herringbone columns are generally higher than the theoretical calculated values, with the relative error of most measuring points being less than 10% and the minimum difference being 0.98 MPa. It was confirmed that the welding quality meets the design and acceptance standards. Through a combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations, this study provides valuable reference information for the construction of similar projects. The results indicate that the residual stresses in the herringbone columns are controllable, ensuring the overall safety and reliability of the structure.

Durability, sustainability and cost analysis of the effect of SNF superplasticizers on locally produced concrete in Ghana

Using conventional methods of concrete production to achieve expected results is challenging, hence the use of chemical admixtures which is also little researched in Ghana. The study conducted a concrete mix design for project construction, following significant challenges encountered in attaining the desired strength of 30MPa at a slump of S3 (100-150mm). To address the challenge, a concrete mix design was produced according to EN 206 standard mix design at the laboratory of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI)-Ghana. A chemical admixture consisting of high-range water-lowering sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) was used in the design. Once the laboratory mix design was completed, the concrete mix proportions were adopted for field application. When employing 385kg/m3 of Portland cement, a water-to-cement ratio of 0.49, a water content of roughly 189kg/m3, and an admixture content of 3.28kg/m3, the laboratory mix design yielded a 28-day compressive strength of 37 MPa (5366 psi). After 28 days of curing, both the laboratory (37MPa) and field-prepared (31MPa) concretes met the minimum strength of 30MPa with the laboratory-controlled concrete exhibiting compressive strength results that were approximately 16% greater than those of the field-prepared concretes. The report revealed that the use of SNF resulted in 18% savings in cement thereby reducing carbon emissions and 5% savings in cost, urging a case for the use of chemical admixtures for structural and non-structural concrete components of the project for the sake of durability, sustainability and cost.

Tooth design and verification of face spline transmission in hub bearing

The hub bearing with face spline transmission is a new type of hub bearing. The design method and standards are lack. In this work, the geometric relationship of the tooth profile parameters and the meshing situation are derived for the hub bearing face spline. The outer diameter D, number of teeth Z, and face tooth profile angle φ are key design parameters. The verification conditions for preload, extrusion stress, tooth root bending stress, and shear stress are established based on strength theory and assumption of uniform load distribution. To validate the design, a case study is conducted on the hub bearing face spline in a certain vehicle model, with theoretical calculation and simulation of stress by using Finite Element Method. The present FEM results compare well with those of the literature data. Finally, through the incorporation the torque strength and durability tests of the face spline, the reliability of the design theory in this work is confirmed. The results indicates that, the tooth tip fillet r1 has a significant impact on the meshing area, the maximum principal stress near the tooth root is highest at the arc of the tooth root, proving that the selection of the dangerous section is appropriate. The work has value in promoting the development of automotive wheel hub bearings.

Evaluation of tensile strength variability in fiber reinforced composite rods using statistical distributions

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are known for their exceptional resistance to harsh conditions, impressive durability, and high tensile strength, making them increasingly popular in structural applications. However, the inherent variability of composite materials poses a critical challenge, particularly in tensile strength, which directly impacts the safety and durability of structures. This study evaluated the tensile strength of 395 specimens, including 103 carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods and 293 hybrid glass-carbon FRP (HFRP) rods, tested according to the GB 30022–2013 standard. To analyze the data, four statistical distributions—normal, lognormal, Weibull, and Gamma—were applied, and a goodness-of-fit test identified the Weibull distribution as the most suitable model. The study further proposed standardized tensile strength values of 2,912.40 MPa for 5 mm CFRP rods and 2,230.98 MPa, 2,385.12 MPa, and 2,517.44 MPa for 6, 7, and 8 mm HFRP rods, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into the tensile performance of FRP rods, contributing to enhanced design and safety standards for FRP-based structural elements and offering practical references for mitigating material variability in construction applications.

Assessment of load transfer across transverse joints

The current Austrian pavement design method defines standard pavements for different load classes and construction types. To determine standard rigid pavements a mechanistic model is being used. Traffic load is considered through a standard axle and local climate conditions are only included through different subgrade bearing capacities. Load transfer across transverse joints is taken into account but no relation between the used configurations and geometry of dowels and the effectiveness of load transfer at the joint has been established yet. Within a revision of the Austrian pavement design standards a new multilevel design method will be implemented with the aim to better consider the material characteristics of the used concrete. Furthermore, this model is capable of taking into consideration not only climatic conditions and realistic traffic loading but also boundary conditions like load transfer between adjacent slabs.

Best Practices for Transition Design of Concrete Pavement Intersections and Related Transitions

Pavement transitions are one of the key elements of pavement performance often overlooked in the design process. Improperly designed pavement transition elements lead to poor pavement performance and often creating a need for frequent maintenance and repair. Transition elements are necessary to ensure a smooth transition between two different pavement sections and to minimize future pavement performance issues. This paper addressed the transition of intersections, ramp/gore areas, drainage inlets, and the conversion between a portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete materials. The design standards of most state Department of Transportation (DOT) were reviewed and the best practices identified toward incorporating them into a set of guidelines for design and construction purposes. Moreover, field visits were conducted to survey the conditions of these transition types relative to slab cracking and associated distresses due to inappropriate jointing or other design-related factors. Based on this information, specific design practices are suggested to enhance the design standard for different transition types based on simple and sound concepts substantiated by observed field performance. The guidelines address the design of concrete pavement transition areas including joints and related details.

A solution to the pervasive problem of response bias in self-reports

Self-reports are used ubiquitously to probe people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and inform medical decisions, enterprise operations, and government policy and legislation. Despite their pervasive use, self-report measures such as Likert scales have a profound problem: Standard analytic approaches do not control for the confounding effects of idiosyncratic response biases. Here, we present a model-based solution to this problem. Our model disentangles response bias from latent constructs of interest to obtain less biased scores of the latent states of respondents. Inspired by Thurstonian approaches in the psychophysics literature, the model requires nothing further than standard Likert scale design assumptions. The model uses a data-driven approach to control for response biases, without the need to prespecify bias types or response strategies. We demonstrate the model's ability to uncover more precise estimates of latent state associations, outperforming bias-affected standard scoring techniques, and garner insights into previously undetected codependencies between certain latent states and particular forms of response bias. The model is thus a tool which outperforms standard scoring methods and generates insights into, and controls for, the potentially confounding effects of response bias on self-report Likert scale data.

Spacer Designs for Improved Hydrodynamics and Filtration Efficiency in Sea Water Reverse Osmosis.

Reverse osmosis (RO) filtration performance is heavily influenced by the design of the feed spacer. Spacer design impacts hydrodynamic patterns within the system, affecting water production and concentration polarization. Two spacer designs, namely pillar (P) and standard (S), were investigated to improve the performance of a commercially available spacer design (C) in the RO process. Two approaches were employed to evaluate spacer performance. First, direct numerical simulation (DNS) was utilized to fundamentally understand the hydrodynamics generated by each spacer design. Second, laboratory RO experiments were conducted to confirm the simulation results. The P and S spacers induced higher flow velocity and vorticity than the C spacer, as confirmed by simulations and experiments. Reduced dead zones were also demonstrated using P and S spacers. However, the standard spacer design exhibited a clear advantage in promoting more efficient mixing within the filtration channels. This enhanced mixing substantially reduced salt concentration at the membrane surface, improving the filtration performance. In agreement with the permeation velocity computation, the S spacer achieved the highest improvement (13%) in both flux yield and specific flux relative to the C spacer. This finding confirms the S spacer's ability to enhance RO performance while reducing energy consumption.

Clinical Efficacy of Three-Dimensional-Printed Pure Titanium Fracture Plates with Locking Screw Systems in Distal Tibia Fractures.

Background and Objectives: Distal tibia fractures are high-energy injuries characterized by a mismatch between standard plate designs and the patient's specific anatomical bone structure, which can lead to severe soft tissue damage. Recent advancements have focused on the development of customized metal plates using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. However, 3D-printed metal plates using titanium alloys have not incorporated a locking system due to the brittleness of these alloys. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether a locking mechanism can be effectively implemented using 3D-printed pure titanium and further evaluate the clinical outcomes of such implants in patients with distal tibia fractures. Materials and Methods: Between March 2021 and June 2022, nine patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for distal tibia fractures using 3D-printed pure titanium plates were enrolled. Pure titanium powder (Ti Gr.2, Type A, 3D Systems, USA) was spread to a thickness of 30 μm and partially sintered using a 500 W laser to produce the 3D-printed metal plates. The locking screws were fabricated using a milling process. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed on the nine patients using 10 customized plates. The clinical efficacy was analyzed using the union rate, and complications, such as infection and skin irritation, were evaluated to ensure a comprehensive outcome assessment. Results: Surgical treatment was successfully performed on nine patients, with nine of ten plates remaining stable and undamaged. However, one patient with neurofibromatosis experienced a fractured metal plate, which necessitated revision surgery using a metal rod. No screw loosening or surgical wound complications occurred. Conclusions: This study showed that 3D-printed pure titanium plates with integrated locking screw systems provide a viable and effective solution for managing distal tibia fractures. Three-dimensional printing and pure titanium show promise for orthopedic advancements.

Pervasive Games for Sexual Health Promotion: Scoping Literature Review.

Serious games play a fundamental role in promoting safe sexual behaviors. This medium has great potential for promoting healthy behaviors that prevent potential risk factors, such as sexually transmitted infections, and promote adherence to sexual health treatments, such as antiretroviral therapy. The ubiquity of mobile devices enhances access to such tools, increasing the effectiveness of video games as agents of change. In this scoping review, we aimed to (1) identify the extent to which pervasive games have been used in the field of sexual health, (2) determine the theories used in the design and evaluation of pervasive games for sexual health, (3) identify the methods used to evaluate pervasive games for sexual health, and (4) explore the reported benefits of using pervasive games for sexual health. Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) methodology, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in the Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM databases for articles published between January 1, 2000, and August 4, 2024. Included articles were published in English between 2000 and 2024 and involved the design, implementation, or evaluation of a ubiquitous video game focused on promoting safe sexual behaviors, with qualitative and/or quantitative results based on theory-based techniques and ubiquitous technologies. Review articles, conference papers, or books without available data or quantitative or qualitative results were excluded. We screened 521 of 612 articles (85.1%) after removing duplicates. After the title and abstract review, 51 (9.8%) articles were assessed for eligibility, and 30 (5.8%) articles meeting the criteria were studied and evaluated in depth. The results suggested that the use of pervasive video games has a positive impact on promoting safe sexual behaviors. This is enhanced by the effectiveness of theory-based techniques and the use of mobile technologies as developmental factors that drive the gaming experience. The results indicated that this domain is a growing field that should not be ignored. The literature showed that pervasive video games have been effective in promoting safe sexual behaviors. Substantial growth has been seen in scientific community interest in researching this domain; nevertheless, there is still much to work on. In this context, we advocate for the standardization of design, implementation, and experimentation as essential phases in creating video game experiences. These 3 fundamental aspects are critical in the development of video game-based studies to ensure the reproducibility of experiments.

Evaluation Tibia Rotation in Total Knee Arthroplasty Designed for Deep Knee Flexion Using Knee Kinematics Motion Simulator

Total knee arthroplasty is a successful procedure for treating chronic degenerative knee pathologies, many patients are dissatisfied with the results of the standard design. Improper tibia rotation of the implant is suspected to contribute to post-operative pain, polyethylene wears, aseptic loosening, and instability. Many factors can influence the alteration of knee kinematics after surgery including differences in implant design. Using magnetic resonance imaging, tibia rotation in a normal knee has -15.0º and -2.5º in weight-bearing males neutral tibia rotation, and tibia rotation in postoperative patients has 2.1º and 9.5º using computer tomography. In this study, a knee joint implant was developed to facilitate a high range of motion. Tibia rotation was observed with the axes of knee motion joint implants varied from 0°, 2°, 3° to 5° and knee bend measurements at 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of knee flexion using the knee kinematic motion simulator and the results will be compared with the results from magnetic resonance imaging and computer tomography. Using statistical analysis resulted for 0° and 2° kinematics alignment, the p-value of the development product is 0.072 and 0.054 (p > 0.05), for 3° and 5° kinematics alignment, the p-value of the development product is 0.039 and 0.031 (p ˂ 0.05). Thus, the kinematics development product at 0° and 2° kinematics alignment are similar to a normal human knee joint. Evaluation of knee kinematics implant using a knee motion simulator is expected to become a standard procedure before performing total knee arthroplasty surgery. This similarity in kinematics knee implant with a normal knee is to be expected to reduce postoperative pain, polyethylene wears, aseptic loosening, and instability during deep knee flexion and minimize the risk of implant failure.