Standard Policy Research Articles

A modified reliability acceptance sampling plan with warranty return rate consideration under Weibull‐distributed accelerated lifetime data

AbstractWarranty is a standard and essential policy for today's products. The period and cost of warranty are majorly affected by the reliability of products. Therefore, validation and verification of product reliability are required to control warranty costs and sustain the brand reputation. In this paper, we propose a modified reliability acceptance sampling plan (MRASP) for product reliability validation. The operating characteristic function of the MRASP is derived by considering the accelerated time‐to‐failure data with Type‐II censoring, which follows a Weibull distribution. To minimize the number of failures required for the accelerated life test and consider the sampling risk constraints, we constructed an optimization model to determine the optimal plan design of the proposed MRASP. Following the optimal plan design, practitioners can set the number of failures required in the accelerated life test to estimate the lifetime capability of the submitted lot and decide the lot disposition using the acceptance benchmark. In addition, the lifetime capability estimation can be used to infer the warranty return rate and warranty cost of the lot, which is valuable for practitioners to formulate the warranty budget. Finally, we illustrate a real‐world case to demonstrate the practicality and applicability of the proposed method.

Role of line managers in human resource activities: evidence from a case study

Purpose: This study aims to explain the role of line managers in human resource activities. It is a case study in West Midlands.Design/methodology/approach: The trend of line managers (LMs) involvement in human resource (HR) activities has been on-going for a while. There has been a lot of intellectual debate and controversy on the issue. Also, organisations have faced lots of challenges due to this same issue. This study aims to discover how to cope with this problem by utilizing human resources activities. This research adopted a qualitative single case study approach on a University in West Midlands, UK. In the first instance, 35 respondents consisting of line managers and HR practitioners across the Business School were invited to participate in this research. Within the context of LMs, purposive sampling was used.Findings: The findings show that Line Managers that enhances abilities are significantly associated to HR activities. Line Managers that enhance motivation and involvement are significantly assocaited to HR activities. And the results showed that HR respondent 1 to 5 said LMs play an important role and are needed to carry out HR activities.Originality/value: The analysis of the case, highlights the benefits of the novel idea of line managers and human resource practitioners and contributes to the need for greater clarity and knowledge of the barriers in the involvement of LMs in HR activities. Social implications: This study has shown LMs and HR practitioners have their different reserves about working together but the issue presently is, none of them is dispensable so they have to work together. It is necessary for HR practitioners to consult LMs when formulating policies and procedures to ensure balance between business needs and standard policies, and procedures.

An Exploration of Teachers’ Strategies Used in Assessing Grade R Learners’ Readiness to Transition to Grade One

The purpose of this study was to explore the strategies that teachers use to assess Grade R learners to determine their readiness to transition to Grade One. Assessment involves the process of recording learners’ knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and skills using measurable conditions. Readiness assessment in Grade R is a fundamental aspect of teaching and learning. It incorporates planning, implementing, interpreting, and reporting to parents and other stakeholders. The study encompassed four Grade R teachers teaching Grade R in two schools in Limpopo Province. Data was generated through face-to-face interviews for the purpose of gathering in-depth understanding. Data was analysed through the thematic analysis method. The study revealed that teachers use the common tools to develop readiness in Grade R. Teachers continuously use formal, and informal assessments and observation to assess the learners’ readiness. They assess a certain group each day doing various activities in different learning areas. Formal and informal assessments are a prerequisite in CAPS (Curriculum Assessment Standard Policy Statements). These strategies will ensure learners’ readiness progress and learning process when entering Grade One. Keywords: Formal and Informal Assessment, Beliefs, Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement, Readiness Assessment, Observation

Estimating the Fed’s unconventional policy shocks

Financial market responses to Fed monetary policy announcements are often very small, but sometimes very large and the mix of news contained in these announcements varies over time. I exploit these features of the data to estimate different types of Fed policy shocks. The resulting shocks can be naturally labeled as standard monetary policy, Odyssean forward guidance, large scale asset purchases and Delphic forward guidance. They affect risk-free interest rates, stock prices and the dollar on impact and have delayed but pronounced effects on corporate bond spreads and breakeven inflation rates.

Implementation of the Standard Policy of Sea Transport Passenger Service at the Manado Port Terminal

This study aims to explain the extent to which the implementation of the standard policy of passenger services for sea transportation at the Manado Port Terminal has been carried out as well as to find out the obstacles in implementing the Standard Policy for Sea Transportation Passenger Services The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method and seeks the necessary data by means of observation, interviews and document studies at the Manado Port terminal. The results of the study found the fulfillment of indicators according to the standard of sea transportation passenger services at the terminal, which are still not available or not able to be operated. Port operators experience obstacles in fulfilling and operating supporting facilities due to budget constraints and determining the priority scale in fulfilling these facilities.

A positive feedback mechanism? Institutional responsiveness to bribery reporting by citizens in 12 African countries

Paying bribes to access public services is a common form of corruption faced by citizens worldwide. A standard policy recommendation to address this problem is to create secure channels and encourage citizens to report bribery to authorities. Bribery reporting tools aim to decrease the incidence of bribery, but they could also serve to bolster anti-corruption commitment. Can bribery reporting channels also inspire citizens to fight corruption? This paper tests the claim that institutional responsiveness to bribery reporting triggers a positive feedback mechanism. The positive feedback mechanism refers to the proposition that advertising successful cases of institutional responsiveness not only persuades citizens of institutional commitment to fighting corruption but also inspires them to uptake various anti-corruption activities. The empirical strategy relies on Afrobarometer survey data from 12 countries, specifically focusing on individuals reporting bribery incidents who also answer a survey question about the subsequent actions taken by authorities. The paper assesses the persuasion effect by examining whether institutional responsiveness correlates with more positive perceptions of public institutions. Additionally, the paper assesses the inspiration effect by investigating whether this responsiveness is associated with citizens' willingness to take part in anti-corruption activities. The findings show that, even though those who have observed responsiveness to bribery reporting tend to evaluate public institutions more positively, they do not seem more willing to engage against corruption than those who do not observe responsiveness.

Investigating Digitally Inflected Intercity Cycle Commuting

ABSTRACT Multiple smart-city cycle technologies have been developed to support cycle commuting and create lower carbon cities. Such technologies hold significant potential to reshape how cycle commuting is experienced, understood, and governed. To investigate such phenomena, this article provides a rich account of digitally inflected inter-city cycle commuting. It shows how technologies including gamification elements script cycle commuting and consequently reshape cycling practices and infrastructures. As such digitally inflected cycle commuting is revealed as a complex multifaceted process of selfhood, reflexivity, embodiment, and social interaction which challenges imaginaries of mobile subjects underpinning standardized smart city transport policy prescriptions.

Estimating the Effects of Hypothetical Alcohol Minimum Unit Pricing Policies on Alcohol Use and Deaths: A State Example.

Alcohol minimum unit pricing (MUP) policies establish a floor price beneath which alcohol cannot be sold. The potential effectiveness of MUP policies for reducing alcohol-attributable deaths in the United States has not been quantitatively assessed. Therefore, this study estimated the effects of two hypothetical distilled spirits MUP policies on alcohol sales, consumption, and alcohol-attributable deaths in one state. The International Model of Alcohol Harms and Policies tool was used to estimate the effects of two hypothetical MUP per standard drink policies (40-cent and 45-cent) pertaining to distilled spirits products at off-premises alcohol outlets in Michigan during 2020. Prevalence estimates on drinking patterns among Michigan adults were calculated by sex and age group. Prices per standard drink and sales of 9,747 spirits products were analyzed using National Alcohol Beverage Control Association data. Analyses accounted for other alcoholic beverage type sales using cross-price elasticities. Increasing the MUP of the 3.5% of spirits with the lowest prices per standard drink to 40 cents could reduce total alcohol per capita consumption in Michigan by 2.6% and prevent 232 (5.3%) alcohol-attributable deaths annually. A 45-cent MUP would affect 8.0% of the spirits and reduce total alcohol per capita consumption by 3.9%, preventing 354 (8.1%) deaths. Modestly increasing the prices of the lowest-priced spirits with an MUP policy in a single state could save hundreds of lives annually. This suggests that alcohol MUP policies could be an effective strategy for improving public health in the United States, consistent with the World Health Organization's recommendation.

Moving Towards Industry 5.0 in the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Sector: Challenges and Solutions for Germany

Emergence of industry 5.0 facilitates real-time synchronisation of production processes, which helps with the production of customized products. Although industry 5.0 can revolutionize the landscape of goods production, still its adoption is in the infancy stage. Hence, the purpose of this article is to examine barriers that impede the adoption of industry 5.0, and to propose solution initiatives (SIs). After an in-depth literature review and interviews with German industry experts in pharmaceutical sector, barriers and SIs are ranked using an integrated Analytical hierarchy process-elimination and choice expressing reality-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (AHP-ELECTRE-DEMATEL) approach. “Linking virtual reality and reality” is found to be the most critical deterrent to the adoption of industry 5.0, and falls into a causal group, which signifies their influence on other deterrents. “Measures for better connectivity with patients” is of utmost importance for German firms to ensure secure communication and safeguard patient data. The findings also highlight the problems with the adoption of high-tech innovations due to lack of standardization and fair benchmarking policies on industry 5.0. This article concludes by proposing an industry 5.0 framework. The inhibitors to adopting industry 5.0 were investigated in this article, the results of which will assist practitioners and decision makers to understand the issues with industry 5.0. The results of this article will help potential adopters of this technology to look for the SIs. This will therefore pave the path for effective adoption of industry 5.0 across the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector.

Heterogenität als Herausforderung für die Währungsunion

The responsibility of the euro member states for their respective independent economic and fiscal policies leads to heterogeneity in the economic fundamentals of the euro member states, which has an impact on the risk premiums for government bonds, among other things. This heterogeneity poses a challenge for a standardized monetary policy of the European Central Bank in the eurozone, especially but not only in times of crisis. The establishment of a monetary union without a corresponding economic and fiscal union has been described as a design flaw of the euro. The article uses key examples to analyse the monetary policy mechanisms for dealing with this heterogeneity. On this basis, the article argues in favour of developing overarching normative criteria for correcting the market valuation of government bonds.

Do we recognize child witnesses of domestic violence as victims?

The family, as the primary social group, should provide the child with protection, security and love. However, some families can be the source of a child?s most intense vulnerability. In these families, children may be exposed to different types of violence or may witness domestic violence. Although the Republic of Serbia guarantees the right to a safe family environment with a large number of international and internal legal instruments, numerous professionals in the child protection system still do not recognize child witnesses of domestic violence as victims. Children are not only victims of domestic violence when directly affected, but also as witnesses in all situations when they are exposed to acts of violence that one family member perpetrates on other members. Children are exposed to violence in the family when they directly observe the violence, but also when they hear sounds, blows, and screams from another room, or when they see the consequences of violence against a family member (bruises, injuries) or feel them (sadness, low mood, fear) see the intervention of the police, emergency and social services, or when they hear relatives and people around them retelling acts of violence. Contemporary findings confirm that exposure to domestic violence harms various spheres of child development (immediate or delayed, short-term or long-term). The subject of this paper is representation of the position of children witnesses of domestic violence in family law, through the review of key international and domestic standards (laws and policies), research and practice analysis. The objective of the paper is to emphasize to the professionals working in the child protection system the importance of recognizing children witnesses of domestic violence as victims, for the system to be able to provide the necessary protection, crucial help and support, i.e. conditions for growth and development in a safe environment, and for the children to achieve the rights which belong to them - meaning freedom from all forms of violence which is an obligation the Republic of Serbia took by ratification of international agreements.

Challenges of Resettlement of Flooding Prone Communities in Abuja Nigeria

Flooding is a natural disaster that causes great damage and destruction to life and property; besides the physical consequences and casualties, these events lead to disruption in the activities of the affected communities and the need for resettlement. Often the resettlement of these Disaster-prone communities involves considerable challenges. The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of flooding on the community and the challenges of resettlement the community of Lugbe village of Abuja Nigeria which is a flood disaster prone community. A total of 65 questionnaire were used to collect data respondents and agencies/stakeholders responsible for resettlement. After the data was analysed, the result revealed that Disruption of economic activities and Lack of social services are the most significant challenges to resettlement. Government should therefore set a clear and standardized policy for resettlement of disaster prone communities.

Monetary Policy When the Phillips Curve Is Quite Flat

This paper highlights how the presence of a monetary policy cost channel can offer new insights into the relation between monetary policy and inflation when the Phillips curve is quite flat. For instance, we highlight a key condition whereby lax monetary policy can push the economy to a low-inflation trap, and we discuss how, under the same condition, standard policy rules targeting inflation may need to be modified. In the empirical part of the paper, we explore the relevance of the condition that gives rise to these observations. The results support the key condition we emphasize. (JEL E24, E31, E43, E52)

DIRECTIONS FOR FORMING AN INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM FOR DEVELOPING A STATE GENDER POLICY

The article examines issues of the existing institutional mechanism for developing a national gender policy. Issues of equality for women and men are guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine and other legislative acts. The paper highlights the necessity for integrating the gender approach in all areas of state policy. The author analyzes functions of various state and local authorities responsible for implementing a standard policy on gender equality. The paper highlights that the institutional framework of the national gender policy is a complicated and complex issue that encompasses various areas. The author emphasizes that gender equality is the equal legal status of women and men and equal opportunities for its realization, which enables individuals of both sexes to participate equally in all the areas of public life. The paper contains a comprehensive analysis of the state mechanism for ensuring gender equality as a system of international, national, regional, and local institutions aimed at establishing the principles of gender equality in various areas of social life and guaranteeing the development of gender strategies and a corresponding state gender policy. The research results in developing ways for combating gender inequality in governmental institutions (statistical, sociological, normative, informational, and educational ones).

Knowledge Management Practices in Enhancing Academic Output: A Study of Indonesian Islamic Universities

This study examines knowledge management strategies employed by Islamic universities in Indonesia to boost academic knowledge production. It explores the policies designed to support lecturers and students in producing and publishing scholarly work that is accessible and recognized within the scientific community. Focusing on five state Islamic Higher Education institutions (PTKIN) selected for their Sinta 2.0 ranking, the research identifies unique and standard policies across these universities to enhance knowledge output. Findings reveal that each PTKIN implements specific strategies to increase knowledge production and values contributions to reputable international journals. These strategies include providing resources and support for knowledge creation rooted in a shared foundation of program improvements directed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The study highlights how these universities adapt and extend existing initiatives to meet their unique needs, demonstrating the effectiveness of tailored knowledge management practices in fostering academic excellence.

Bridging Cultural Diversity Gaps at Luhonono Police Station: Police Leadership Role

This study investigates the pivotal role of police leadership in mitigating cultural diversity gaps within the Luhonono Police Station, utilizing an exploratory qualitative approach. The study's sample comprises four police leaders with station experience and five non-management police officers. Data collection involves individual semi-structured interviews, recorded to aid data interpretation, with thematic analysis employed for data analysis. The findings underscore the significance of effective police leadership in improving relationships, minimizing turnover, ensuring fairness in decision-making, enhancing performance, and motivating the police force. The study recommends that the selection of police leaders should prioritize their commitment to embracing cultural diversity. Furthermore, it advocates for the development of policies supporting cultural diversity, provision of training, and promotion of awareness among the team to foster an inclusive and respectful workplace. The study argues that, although police leaders play a pivotal role in addressing cultural diversity, their effectiveness is impeded without standardized institutional policies or strategies to manage such issues.

Implementasi Kebijakan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Pokok Air Minum di Kabupaten Paser

The application of the Minimum Service Standard policy for Fulfilling Daily Drinking Water Basic Needs in Paser Regency has followed the applicable technical standards, both from the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, as well as from regulations issued by the Regional Government of Paser Regency itself. But actually, it is necessary to identify what are the factors that support and hinder the implementation of SPM policies. From the results of data analysis, it was found that the process of implementing the MSS policy for the drinking water sub-sector was still not under technical standards because the basic data used in calculating service needs did not refer to the local BPS Susenas data, and there was no determination of priorities and targets for implementing SPM. The supporting factors identified included: Policy standards and targets, budgetary support, organizational internal and external communications, suitability of the duties and functions of the DPUTR in Human Settlements (organizational characteristics), positive responses and support from the community, a relatively conducive political situation, full support (response) from implementers/employees, and the level of implementer tendencies were quite high and positive. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors include the lack of number and competence of employees in the implementing organization (Cipta Karya Division of the Paser Regency DPUTR), the unstable social and economic conditions of Paser Regency, and the low level of understanding of SPM policy implementers in the drinking water sub-sector.

Implementation of Career Development Policy for Civil Servants Through Talent Mobility in Dki Jakarta Provincial Social Services

In accordance with PANRB Ministerial Regulation Number 3 of 2020, National ASN Talent Management is an integral component of National Career Development Management, executed through transfers and/or promotions. The DKI Jakarta Provincial Social Service, housing a staff of 200 employees, reveals that approximately 18.5 percent, or 47 employees, have not undergone rotations in over 5 years. This study seeks to assess the application of civil servant career development policies via Talent Mobility within the DKI Jakarta Provincial Social Service. Employing a qualitative descriptive research method with an inductive approach, the research delves into the implementation of these policies by scrutinizing the factors connecting policy to performance. The findings indicate a reasonably effective implementation of the civil servant career development policy through Talent Mobility in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Social Service. However, certain aspects, such as standard factors and policy objectives, policy resources, inter-organizational communication and law enforcement activities, characteristics of implementing agencies, economic, social, and political conditions, and the disposition of implementers, warrant improvement. Recommendations stemming from the research are as follows: (1) Emphasize the need for commitment from all stakeholders in executing the talent mobility policy, (2) Prioritize the analysis of employee needs before recruitment processes to ensure a more accurate alignment with organizational requirements, (3) Initiate formal outreach programs dedicated to discussing talent mobility to deepen employee understanding and engagement, (4) Establish a structured training program aligned with employees' respective fields of work, backed by a designated budget for training initiatives, (5) Institute programs aimed at enhancing employee welfare comprehensively, and (6) Recognize the pivotal role, particularly that of leaders, in reshaping employee thought patterns to align with the objectives of Talent Mobility.

Challenges Of Standard Inpatient Class Policy In Indonesia:

The standard inpatient class policy in Indonesia has been stated in legislation since 2021 with twelve criteria and must be fully met by December 2024. This study aims to get an overview of the readiness of hospitals in Indonesia to meet the policy and an overview of the community's perspective in responding to standard inpatient classes. Scoping Review with Arksey and O'Malley and Beyond's approach. Online article search on Scopus, Science Direct, SpringerLink, garuda, and Google Scholar, published in 2020-2023, articles published in English and Indonesian, with search keywords: 'kris' or 'jk' or 'bpjs and kesehatan' or 'bpjs and health' or 'inpatient and room' or 'health and policy and jkn', in October 2023 and carried out Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Hospitals in Indonesia studied in 2022 are not ready, but hospital research in 2023 states that they are ready to carry out Standard Inpatient Classes (KRIS). The community as patients and consumers in the use of health services from the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) Health provides support in the implementation of Standard Inpatient Classes. Meanwhile, from the legality aspect, there is a discrepancy in regulations from the highest to its derivatives, there is even no clarity on legal sanctions if the Hospital does not meet the criteria for the Standard Inpatient Class according to the specified time limit

Changes in monetary policy implementation over time

In this study, we utilise a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model to investigate the relationship between central bank liabilities and the overnight policy rate across three countries with distinct monetary policy frameworks. Our findings reveal that a consistent negative correlation between these variables is present only in the case of the conventional reserve regime. For the other regimes, an initial significant negative relationship between reserves and interest rates is observed, but this effect diminishes with the adoption of new frameworks. These results suggest that the emergence of novel operational structures for central banks has disrupted the traditional approach to monetary policy implementation. One practical consequence of this” decoupling” between interest rates and reserves is that central banks in the United States, Canada, and similar systems can effectively employ their balance sheets in conjunction with standard interest rate policies. However, this does not apply to reserve regimes that continue to depend on open market operations for steering interest rates