Standardization Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Articles

The therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on breast cancer through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignant tumor among women globally, is significantly influenced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in its initiation and progression. While conventional chemotherapy, the standard clinical treatment, suffers from significant drawbacks like severe side effects, high toxicity, and limited prognostic efficacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a promising alternative. TCM employs a multi-targeted therapeutic approach, which results in fewer side effects and offers a high potential for effective treatment. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the therapeutic impacts of TCM on various subtypes of breast cancer, focusing on its interaction with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, it explores the effectiveness of both monomeric and compound forms of TCM in the management of breast cancer. We also discuss the potential of establishing biomarkers for breast cancer treatment based on key proteins within the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our aim is to offer new insights into the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and to contribute to the standardization of TCM.

Reporting guidelines for clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine: Current status and future prospects

High-quality Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) guidelines can standardize the clinical practices of relevant healthcare professionals, enhance medical quality, reduce healthcare costs, and promote the standardization of TCM. This article provides a summary and analysis of the status and quality of guidelines in the TCM. Additionally, it briefly introduces the reporting standards for three types of TCM guidelines, aiming to serve as a reference for those involved in the development and reporting of TCM guidelines.

The History, Development, and Prospect of Standardization in English Translation of TCM Terminology

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an extensive and profound component of Chinese cultural heritage. In the context of globalization, TCM has ascended onto the international stage, significantly influencing global health and wellness and garnering worldwide attention. This article employs a literature review methodology to elucidate the global impact of TCM and highlight the importance of contributions to the translation and standardization of TCM. The pivotal role played by scholars and practitioners in this domain is instrumental in shaping the future of TCM. The article examines the historical trajectory and evolution of the English translation of TCM terminology, critically analyzing the roles and contributions of various individuals and organizations engaged in the standardization of TCM terminology translation. The study proposes a promising framework for developing global standards in TCM terminology translation by synthesizing their translation methodologies, principles, standards, and guiding philosophies.

Standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion technique in traditional Chinese medicine: taking Gua Sha therapy as an example

Gua Sha (also known as scraping) therapy, one of the important external treatment techniques in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has developed into a mature system of technical standards through long-term clinical practice. In this paper, the development process of Gua Sha technical standardization is reviewed and the characteristics of the current standards system are accordingly analyzed. It turns out that standardization plays a vital role in promoting the inheritance and innovation of the Gua Sha technique. As a typical case of TCM standardization, the construction of the standardization system of Gua Sha provides valuable inspiration for further improving the TCM standardization system. For future TCM standardization, it is suggested that the problem-oriented principle should be adhered to and the formulation of standards should be based on China’s national conditions and demands; the top-level design should be strengthened and the standardized system should be perfected; the implementation of standards should be enhanced and international exchange and cooperation should be promoted. The standardization of TCM has a long way to go and needs the joint efforts of all stakeholders.

Standardization development of traditional Chinese medicine in Beijing from the aspect of standard development contribution index

The standardization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), occupying a critical position in the development of TCM, is a basic, strategic, and overall work. In this study, we initially referred to data from the National Public Service Platform for Standards Information, the National Group Platform for Standards Information, and the collection of materials from the National Library of Standards, and then performed a comprehensive analysis of 1426 pieces of TCM standards related information among them. Based on the analytic results, the number of releases, the regional distribution of drafting institutions, and the standard contribution index of 3 major categories (basic general, technology, and management) of TCM and their 16 subcategories were systematically exhibited. According to the ranking of the drafting unit in the standard, the corresponding standard development contribution index is given, and with the standard development contribution index as the main line, the current situation and existing problems of standardization development in Beijing are analyzed. Suggestions were put forward to improve the framework of the Chinese medicine standard system, optimize the industrial structure of Chinese medicine, promote the interactive development of Chinese medicine science and technology innovation and standardization, and promote the implementation and application of Chinese medicine standards.

Analysis of the development course of traditional Chinese medicine standardization and recommendations on future work

This paper systematically reviews the development course of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) standardization. Based on the characteristics of TCM standardization at different stages, the development course can be divided into 3 stages, namely the “initial development stage” (from the 1980s to the “10th Five-Year Plan” period), the “rapid development stage” (from the “11th Five-Year Plan” period to the “13th Five-Year Plan” period), and the “high-quality development stage” (from the “14th Five-Year Plan” period to the present). The “initial development stage” is characterized by the emergence of awareness regarding TCM standardization, the initial exploration of TCM standardization, and a gradual but slow progress in development. During the “rapid development stage,” relevant government departments began integrating TCM standardization into development plans, resulting in the extensive development of the TCM standard system and its supporting structures. Since the commencement of the “high-quality development stage,” TCM standardization has progressively shifted from a quantity-oriented model to 1 emphasizing quality and efficiency. Overall, TCM standardization has made remarkable progress after more than 40 years of development. However, it still faces various challenges, including unbalanced development in the standard system, the need for improvement in the development quality of group standards, and insufficient levels of promotion and application. It is recommended to further enhance the formulation of national and industry TCM standards, implement relevant management measures, promote the innovative implementation and application of TCM standards, establish an integrated, comprehensive service platform for TCM standards, and strengthen the talent training for TCM standardization.

Development situation and prospect on the international standardization of traditional Chinese medicine

The international standard for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) released by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is of great significance in promoting China’s international trade of TCM and exerting its role in global health governance. This article expounds on the development course of TCM international standardization centering on the construction and development of the Technical Committee of TCM within ISO (ISO/TC 249), analyzes and evaluates the achievements and the current situation on international standardization of TCM released by ISO, and puts forward future development ideas on this basis.

Historical Legacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Education in Canada: The Case of Henry C. Lu

This article begins with a review of the publications by Dr. Henry C. Lu, a Canadian-Chinese traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) scholar, educator and writer, and founder of a Vancouver-based TCM college. Dr. Lu has translated many TCM classics and written books extensively on TCM education, TCM clinical practice and Mandarin-Chinese grammar. Aside from his widespread prominence as one of the representative English translators of Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic), Dr. Lu is also noted for his pioneering role in the promotion of TCM education in British Columbia, where he lived and worked for more than half of his life. By making references to and drawing lessons from Dr. Lu’s four-decade-long efforts to help TCM gain legal status and to promote wider application of TCM in Canada, this article also puts forth suggestions for overseas TCM education and international TCM standards for building a global community with a shared future.

Current status and development strategy of ISO/TC 249 standards for Chinese materia medica

The internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is one of the strategic development objectives in China, which has been incorporated into the national strategy as an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative development strategy. As the basis and prerequisite of TCM development, Chinese materia medica(CMM) has a direct impact on the internationalization of TCM. The International Organization for Standardization(ISO) is a global organization composed of national standardization bodies, and the ISO standards impact the world's economy, trade, communication and cooperation. Based on a brief introduction to ISO/Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Committee(ISO/TC 249), this study elaborates the necessity of establishing ISO standards for CMM and analyzes the current status and challenges faced by the formulation of international standards for CMM. Finally, this study puts forward the development strategy of international standards for CMM. Specifically, efforts should be made to develop top-level design with international market demands as the guidance and improve the quality of standards to accelerate the transformation of domestic high-quality standards into international standards. Moreover, measures should be taken to give full play to the positive role of enterprises in the formulation of standards, vigorously cultivate compound talents for international standardization of TCM, and constantly strengthen international cooperation. The experience and thinking are of guiding significance for the scientific, efficient and reasonable formulation of high-quality ISO standards for CMM in the future.

The Pragmatic Association of Southeast Asian Nations Approach of Traditional Chinese Medicine Education in Indonesia: A Case Review.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practice has been thriving for centuries throughout the world, but its educational system has not been standardized in many countries outside of China. The aim of this article is To share experiences in planning and executing TCM education adapted to Indonesian culture and conditions. TCM practice has thrived since centuries ago in Indonesia due to TCM's empirically proven effectiveness for maintaining health and wellness. However, formal bachelor's-degree education in TCM has just begun about a decade ago. The learning outcomes of TCM bachelor's-degree education in Indonesia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) at large differs from those of China mainly because of the nearly total integration of Western medicine modalities in China. The learning strategy of TCM education in Indonesia with a pragmatic acculturation approach has been effective for improving TCM acceptance, and has been beneficial in upgrading the social and academic status of Indonesian traditional health care based on ASEAN TCM standards.

Treating Different Diseases With the Same Method-A Traditional Chinese Medicine Concept Analyzed for Its Biological Basis.

IntroductionThe fundamental theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) implies that when different diseases have the same pathogen, the syndromes of these individual diseases will be the same. “Treating different diseases with the same method” is a TCM principle suggesting that when different diseases have similar pathological changes during different stages of their development, the same method of treatment can be applied. Our study aims to analyze the concept “treating different diseases with the same method” from a molecular perspective, in order to clarify its biological basis and to objectively standardize future TCM syndrome research.ObjectiveThe TCM syndromes Qi deficiency and blood stasis have similar pathogenesis in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We aim to use big data technology and complex network theory to mine the genes specifically relevant to these TCM syndromes. This study aims to explore the correlation between the biological indicators of CHD and stroke from a scientific perspective.MethodsMining the relevant neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) genes by means of gene entity recognition, complex network construction, network integration, and decomposition to categorize relevant syndrome terms and establish a digital dictionary of gene specifically related to individual diseases. We analyzed the biological basis of “treating different diseases with the same method” from a molecular level using the TCMIP v2.0 platform in order to categorize the TCM syndromes most relevant to CHD and stroke.ResultsWe found 46 genes were involved in the TCM syndromes of Qi deficiency and blood stasis of CHD and stroke. The same genes and their molecular mechanism also appeared to be in close relation to inflammatory response, apoptosis, and proliferation.ConclusionBy using information extraction and complex network technology, we discovered the biological indicators of the TCM syndromes Qi deficiency and blood stasis of CHD and stroke. In the era of big data, our results can provide a new method for the researchers of TCM syndrome differentiation, as well as an effective and specific methodology for standardization of TCM.

Preference degree-based multi-granularity sequential three-way group conflict decisions approach to the integration of TCM and Western medicine

Medical group conflict decision making is one of the dominant research problems in the field of group consensus decision making. We base the research background on the optimization of clinical diagnosis and treatment in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine, and propose a novel multi-granularity sequential three-way group conflict decision with preference degree regarding the increment of decision makers and the conflicting characteristics of the decision group. Firstly, we construct a 19-scale multi-granularity conflict preference information system, and then build a generalized conflict decision making granular computing model over this 19-scale conflict information system. Secondly, we establish a sequential three-way group conflict decision making method based on the generalized conflict decision making granular computing model. Furthermore, we define three forms of group conflict result. Meanwhile, we give the definition of preference degree, represent a quantitative presentation of the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in TCM and Western medicine, conclude trisection result of preference aggregation of each level group, and design an algorithm of multi-granularity sequential three-way group conflict decisions model with preference degree. Thirdly, we apply the proposed model to an example of the clinical decision-making process of TCM and Western medicine. In addition, this paper also presents the following application work, on the one hand, we verified the validity, applicability, and scientificity of the multi-granularity sequential three-way group conflict model. On the other hand, subjective knowledge is quantitatively characterized by an abstract theoretical model, which is scientific significance of the optimization of clinical diagnosis and treatment schemes for such similar diseases, and the weakening or elimination of the conflict between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine, and the deep integration of TCM and Western medicine. Finally, the research can provide an innovative way of thinking for the development of internationalization and standardization of TCM.

Method establishment for upgrading chemical markers in pharmacopoeia to bioactive markers for biological standardization of traditional Chinese medicine

Quality surveillance on authentication, safety and efficacy of proprietary Chinese medicines (pCm) are certainly the top priorities for the industries. Nowadays, the quality control system adopted is mainly chemical marker-oriented, concerning basically the correct use of raw material and safety issues, while the biological activities of the chemical marker(s) are seldom considered. Hence, there is an undefined relationship between the amount of chemical markers and the claimed pharmacological activities. In view of the need in identifying appropriate markers for biological standardization of pCm products, the present study aimed to establish a systematic methodology for verifying whether the chemical marker of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia could be upgraded to a bioactive marker with certain efficacy in treating a particular disease. Our proposed methodology included a series of work on extraction, quantification, literature search and in vivo pharmacological experiments, in which the water extractability, biological effects at theoretical dose and oral bioavailability of the candidate chemical markers were all taken into consideration. The feasibility and implication of this bioactive markers verification methodology were further elaborated. Our findings will serve as the foundation for further research and development of biological standardization of TCM.

Syndrome differentiation and treatment of vitiligo in traditional Chinese medicine during the past five years

The etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo among traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners has reached a consensus in general, there are various perspectives in the syndrome differentiation. Combinrion of the TCM syndrome differentiation and modern research can provide better guidance and standardization of TCM. That provided more feasible methods and recognization of clinical treatment for vitiligo. In addition, psychology of TCM should be placed in an important position in clinical treatment, and that's the way it reflect the holistic conception of TCM as well. Key words: Vitiligo; Traditional Chinese medicine; Syndrome differentiation; Review

Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Four-diagnostic auxiliary apparatus in evaluation of health status and clinical treatment

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Four-diagnostic Auxiliary Apparatus in disease diagnosis. METHODSThe liver cancer patients and healthy controls were recruited from Shanghai Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital and Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, respectively. Then, the included subjects were diagnosed by the Four-diagnostic auxiliary apparatus. RESULTSThirty liver cancer patients and 30 paired healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Based on the apparatus, the pulse wave velocity was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). The number of patients with purple tongue and ecchymosis were more than controls (P < 0.05). The number of patients (10%) with yellow tongue coating were higher than the controls (0%). Patients were inclined to be with water type and fire type constitution. CONCLUSIONTCM Four-diagnostic auxiliary apparatus can be applied in clinical diagnosis of body constitution and health status of subjects. It promotes the accuracy and speed for disease diagnosis and TCM standardization.

From quality markers to data mining and intelligence assessment: A smart quality-evaluation strategy for traditional Chinese medicine based on quality markers

BackgroundThe quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) forms the foundation of its clinical efficacy. The standardization of TCM is the most important task of TCM modernization. In recent years, there has been great progress in the quality control of TCM. However, there are still many issues related to the current quality standards, and it is difficult to objectively evaluate and effectively control the quality of TCM. PurposeTo face these challenge, we summarized the current quality marker (Q-marker) research based on its characteristics and benefits, and proposed a reasonable and intelligentized quality evaluation strategy for the development and application of Q-markers. MethodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight with partial least squares-discriminant analysis was suggested to screen the chemical markers from Chinese medicinal materials (CMM), and a bioactive-guided evaluation method was used to select the Q-markers. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), based on the distinctive wavenumber zones or points from the Q-markers, was developed for its determination. Then, artificial intelligence algorithms were used to clarify the complex relationship between the Q-markers and their integral functions. Internet and mobile communication technology helped us to perform remote analysis and determine the information feedback of test samples. ChaptersThe quality control research, evaluation, standard establishment and quality control of TCM must be based on the systematic analysis of Q-markers to study and describe the material basis of TCM efficacy, define the chemical markers in the plant body, and understand the process of herb drug acquisition, change and transmission laws affecting metabolism and exposure. Based on the advantages of chemometrics, new sensor technologies, including infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, chemical imaging, electronic nose and electronic tongue, have become increasingly important in the quality evaluation of CMM. Inspired by the concept of Q-marker, the quantitation can be achieved with the help of artificial intelligence, and these subtle differences can be discovered, allowing the quantitative analysis by NIRS and providing a quick and easy detection method for CMM quality evaluations. ConclusionThe concept of Q-markers focused on unique CMM differences, dynamic changes and their transmission and traceability to establish an overall quality control and traceability system. Based on the basic attributes, an integration model and artificial intelligence research path was proposed, with the hope of providing new ideas and perspectives for the TCM quality management.

Discussion on research thinking of traditional Chinese medicine standardization system based on whole process quality control

The concept of "Quality by design" indicates that good design for the whole life cycle of pharmaceutical production enables the drug to meet the expected quality requirements. Aiming at the existing problems of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry, the TCM standardization system was put forward in this paper from the national strategic level, under the guidance by the idea of quality control in international manufacturing industry and with considerations of TCM industry's own characteristics and development status. The connotation of this strategy was to establish five interrelated systems: multi-indicators system based on tri-indicators system, quality standard and specification system of TCM herbal materials and decoction pieces, quality traceability system, data monitoring system based on whole-process quality control, and whole-process quality management system of TCM, and achieve the whole process systematic and scientific study in TCM industry through "top-level design-implement in steps-system integration" workflow. This article analyzed the correlation between the quality standards of all links, established standard operating procedures of each link and whole process, and constructed a high standard overall quality management system for TCM industry chains, in order to provide a demonstration for the establishment of TCM whole-process quality control system and provide systematic reference and basis for standardization strategy in TCM industry.

Current Status of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China.

As an important component of traditional medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely spread and applied in more than 100 countries across the world. The standardization of TCM is very important for the international application of Chinese medicine. In this paper, we have explained and analyzed the standardization situations of TCM in China with the purpose of providing reference for standardization and international development of TCM.

An analysis of application of health informatics in Traditional Medicine: A review of four Traditional Medicine Systems

ObjectiveThis paper shall first investigate the informatics areas and applications of the four Traditional Medicine systems – Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine and Traditional Malay Medicine. Then, this paper shall examine the national informatics infrastructure initiatives in the four respective countries that support the Traditional Medicine systems. Challenges of implementing informatics in Traditional Medicine Systems shall also be discussed. MethodsThe literature was sourced from four databases: Ebsco Host, IEEE Explore, Proquest and Google scholar. The search term used was “Traditional Medicine”, “informatics”, “informatics infrastructure”, “traditional Chinese medicine”, “Ayurveda”, “traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine”, and “traditional malay medicine”. A combination of the search terms above was also executed to enhance the searching process. A search was also conducted in Google to identify miscellaneous books, publications, and organization websites using the same terms. ResultsAmongst major advancements in TCM and Ayurveda are bioinformatics, development of Traditional Medicine databases for decision system support, data mining and image processing. Traditional Chinese Medicine differentiates itself from other Traditional Medicine systems with documented ISO Standards to support the standardization of TCM. Informatics applications in Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine are mostly ehealth applications that focus more on spiritual healing, Islamic obligations and prophetic traditions. Literature regarding development of health informatics to support Traditional Malay Medicine is still insufficient. Major informatics infrastructure that is common in China and India are automated insurance payment systems for Traditional Medicine treatment. National informatics infrastructure in Middle East and Malaysia mainly cater for modern medicine. Other infrastructure such as telemedicine and hospital information systems focus its implementation in modern medicine or are not implemented and strategized at a national level to support Traditional Medicine. ConclusionInformatics may not be able to address all the emerging areas of Traditional Medicine because the concepts in Traditional Medicine system of medicine are different from modern system, though the aim may be same, i.e., to give relief to the patient. Thus, there is a need to synthesize Traditional Medicine systems and informatics with involvements from modern system of medicine. Future research works may include filling the gaps of informatics areas and integrate national informatics infrastructure with established Traditional Medicine systems.

English

Validity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is oppugned very often because of the bugs of quality, effectiveness, and repeatability. Standardization of TCMs is one way to make a change. How to realize standardization of TCMs and with what measures to shape the quality control system, is provoking much debate in the TCM field. Genetic and chemical profiling were comparatively performed on Alstonia scholaris in China through amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and alkaloid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) scanning, aiming to evaluate the attributes of chemical and DNA fingerprinting as applicable tools for quality control of TCMs and explore theoretic strategy of TCM standardization. Each individual of A. schlolaris displayed a unique AFLP or HPLC profile, indicating well individual-distinguishing ability of the two techniques. Patterns of variance structure disclosed by the HPLC and AFLP profiling were similar, and more than 50% of alkaloid loci were kept constant across any single population, suggesting a genetic basis of the alkaloid secondary metabolism in the plant and justifying DNA fingerprinting as a qualified identifier for quality control of the TCM. Compared to the alkaloid HPLC scanning, the AFLP analysis produced much more loci with lower polymorphic loci percentage, suggesting that AFLP can be more statistically informative and with moderate sensitivity. In passing, a strategy pursuing genetically identical TCMs by popularizing plantation of selected germplasm of medicinal plants was suggested for TCM standardization. Key words: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), standardization, Alstonia scholaris, alkaloid scanning, genetic profiling. &nbsp;