Set Of Standard Values Research Articles

Improving Student Learning Outcomes in Mathematics Learning through a Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach in Elementary Schools

Learning mathematics is one of the lessons that must be mastered by students. To a certain extent, mathematics can help students overcome various problems in everyday life. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics learning by applying the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach. This research is classroom action research. The subjects in the research were students of class V-3 MIN 7 in Banda Aceh City, totaling 49 students. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation and test techniques. The data obtained was then analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Learning outcome data is analyzed based on the standard value set, namely 80 with classical completeness of 90%. The results showed that teacher activity in the first cycle increased to 75% in the good category. Furthermore, in the second cycle, it was 84.37% in the very good category, and increased again in the third cycle, namely to 94.79% in the very good category. Meanwhile, student activity in the first cycle was 71.87% in the good category, in the second cycle it increased to 82.29% in the very good category, and increased again in the third cycle to 92.70% in the very good category. The increase in learning outcomes in the first cycle was 65.3% in the sufficient category. Then it increased in the second cycle to 81.63% in the very good category, and increased again in the third cycle to 93.87% in the very good category. So it can be concluded that the application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach can increase teacher activity, student activity and student learning outcomes in class V MIN 7 Banda Aceh City.

Determination of the Optimal Jar Mill Setting for Crushed Eggshells Used in LDPE Tile Creation

In this study eggshells and low density polyethylene plastic (LDPE) wastes were reused to produce tiles. The eggshells were ground in a laboratory scale jar mill into the particle size of fine sand. The optimum grinding parameters were determined to be the setting that produced the highest mass of eggshell powder that was within the desired particle diameter size range of 0.425 mm (No. 40) and 0.075 mm (No. 200). A two to the three factorial design of experiment was used with variables of Time, Speed, and Ball Filling Ratio. The high and low values used in this study were 20 minutes and 10 minutes for the time, 250 rpm and 100 rpm for the speed, and 35% and 20% for the ball filling ratio. There were eight settings made with 3 trials per setting and one validation for the optimal setting produced. The eggshell powder produced by the optimal setting of the jar mill was used to create the LDPE-eggshell tiles. Four tiles were made for the three trials and for the validation part. The tiles were tested for its relative strength using the Compression Testing Machine. The researchers determined that eggshells and LDPE plastics may be formed into tiles and that the strength of the tiles that were produced by these materials exceeded the standard value set for this type of product.

Tractable depth-bounded approximations to FDE and its satellites

Abstract FDE, LP and $\mathbf {K_{3}}$ are closely related to each other and admit of an intuitive informational interpretation. However, all these logics are co-NP complete, and so idealized models of how an agent can think. We address this issue by shifting to signed formulae, where the signs express imprecise values associated with two bipartitions of the corresponding set of standard values. We present proof systems whose operational rules are all linear and have only two structural branching rules that express a generalized Principle of Bivalence. Each of these systems leads to defining an infinite hierarchy of tractable approximations to the respective logic, in terms of the maximum number of allowed nested applications of the two branching rules. Further, each resulting hierarchy admits of an intuitive 5-valued non-deterministic semantics.

Integration of solar energy supply on a smart distribution board based on IoT system

Modern electricity management of solar power supply at the smart distribution board is heavily dependent on the Internet of Things (IoT). It is still difficult to create practical, affordable intelligent systems for condition monitoring, protection and control at the smart distribution board of distribution networks. Smart grids use the capabilities of information and communication technologies, especially the Internet of Things, to improve the sustainability, quality and productivity of energy production and demand forecasting, as well as to reduce resource consumption and increase the integration of renewable energy sources. The performance of the developed system is evaluated for a variety of residential electrical loads with different energy consumption patterns on a smart distribution board. In this project, the photovoltaic tracking system as well as the cleaning system will be connected to the smart board. All the input data will be collected and sent via Bluetooth/WI-FI by a working prototype built on an Arduino board, which can independently collect and monitor the real-time energy and environmental conditions of solar plants. The mobile application is also used to allow individual users to monitor the system in real time, notify users of electrical system problems, display real-time energy consumption, and provide other important notifications and alerts to the remote user when there is a deviation of solar power production quality parameters from a predefined set of standard values. A number of improvements are also proposed for further integration with Internet of Things (IoT) and smart home technologies.

IoT for Monitoring and Control of Water Quality Parameters

<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">This work presents an Internet of Things (IoT) solution to facilitate real time water quality monitoring by enabling the management of collected data from electronic sensors. Firstly, we present in detail problems encountered during the used data collection process. We discuss after the requirements from the water monitoring quality standpoint, data acquisition, cloud processing and data visualization to the end user. We designed a solution to minimize technicians’ visits to isolated water tower, we designed sensors achieving a lifespan of several years. The solution will be capable of scaling the processing and storage resources. This combination of technologies can cope with different types of environments. The system also provides a notification to a remote user, when there is a non-conformity of water quality parameters with the pre-defined set of standard values.</span></p>

Design and implementation of an intelligent low-cost IoT solution for energy monitoring of photovoltaic stations

Smart grids exploit the capability of information and communication technologies especially internet of things, to improve the sustainability, quality and the performance of energy production and demand previsions, whereas reducing resource consumption and increasing renewable energies integration. This paper aims to present a cost-effective and open source internet of things solution that could collect in intelligent manner and monitor in real-time the produced power and environmental conditions of solar stations. The solution is designed as a laboratory prototype that could be extended to monitor large scale photovoltaic stations using small adjustments. The system also provides an alert to a remote user, when there is a deviation of solar power generation quality parameters from the predefined set of standard values.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER YARN WITH THE ADDITION OF KAOLIN AS A REINFORCING FILLER

Rubber yarns have been made using kaolin and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as fillers on concentrated latex compounds, with kaolin variations of 0, 6, 12, and 15 phr. This research was conducted to find out the result of kaolin concentration analysis on rubber vulcanization. The observed mechanical properties include a modulus of 300%, a modulus of 500%, a breaking tension, and a breaking extension. Kaolin mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has an effect on the mechanical properties of rubber yarn. The higher the kaolin concentration, the mechanical properties of the rubber yarn are getting worse, as it is increasingly away from the standard value set for the rubber yarn. Keywords : Kaolin, rubber yarn, and vulcanization.

Relationship between QT and JT peak interval variability in prepubertal children.

The QT variability index (QTVI) is a noninvasive index of repolarization lability that has been applied to subjects with cardiovascular disease. QTVI provides a ratio of normalized QT variability to normalized heart rate variability, and therefore includes an assessment of autonomic nervous activity. However, measurement of QT time is particularly difficult in children, who exhibit physiologically high heart rates compared with adults. In this study, we developed a set of standard values of J-point to Tpeak interval (JTp) for infants by age, and assessed the correlation of QTVI with the JTp variability index (JTpVI). Subjects included 623 infants and children (0-7years of age) without heart disease and 57 healthy university students. All subjects were divided into three groups by age. QTVI and JTpVI were calculated based on an electrocardiogram, and age-specific standard values, a gender-specific classification, and a standard growth curve were constructed. JTpVI markedly decreased in infancy and slowly decreased thereafter, reaching adult values by school age. There was also a strong correlation of JTpVI with QTVI (r=.856). JTp can be used to evaluate the variability of the repolarization time in healthy infants, and may be useful for detection of early repolarization abnormalities.

Internet of things enabled real time water quality monitoring system

AbstractSmart solutions for water quality monitoring are gaining importance with advancement in communication technology. This paper presents a detailed overview of recent works carried out in the field of smart water quality monitoring. Also, a power efficient, simpler solution for in-pipe water quality monitoring based on Internet of Things technology is presented. The model developed is used for testing water samples and the data uploaded over the Internet are analyzed. The system also provides an alert to a remote user, when there is a deviation of water quality parameters from the pre-defined set of standard values.

External nasal parameters in Egyptians: an in-depth nasal photogrammatic analysis

As ethnic influences can result in different appearances of the nose, the purpose of this study was to provide a set of standard values of the external form of the nose with special emphasis on the influence of age and sex on these values to establish norms for the Egyptians. Several soft-tissue landmarks on the external nose were obtained by a non-invasive, photogrammetric analysis in 1,000 healthy Egyptians aged 20-70years. From these landmarks, ten linear distances and six nasal angles were measured and six nasal indices were calculated. A significant sexual dimorphism was found for nasal external volume and area and most linear distances where males presented with higher values than those in females of the corresponding age except for alar length where females showed higher values. Moreover, age significantly influenced nasal volume, area and distances as they showed statistically significant increase till old age. Concerning angles, nasofrontal, nasofacial, nasomental and nasolabial angles were wider in females while mentocervical angle was wider in males. Moreover, nasofrontal, mentocervical and alar slope angles showed significant increase with advancing age while nasofacial, nasomental and nasolabial showed significant decrease. Regarding nasal indices, sexual dimorphism was recognized for anatomic nasal index, nasal tip protrusion, nasal height ratio and nasal tip protrusion-nasal width indices. Moreover, results also showed that the Egyptians have a Mesorrhine type of nose. Data collected in the present investigation could serve as a database for the quantitative description of the Egyptian nasal morphology.

Comparison of pH and refractometry index with calcium concentrations in preparturient mammary gland secretions of mares

To test the usefulness of measuring pH and refractometry index, compared with measuring calcium carbonate concentration, of preparturient mammary gland secretions for predicting parturition in mares. Evaluation study. 27 pregnant Thoroughbred mares. Preparturient mammary gland secretion samples were obtained once or twice daily 10 days prior to foaling until parturition. The samples were analyzed for calcium carbonate concentration with a water hardness kit (151 samples), pH with pH test paper (222 samples), and refractometry index with a Brix refractometer (214 samples). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for each test were calculated for evaluation of predicting parturition. The PPV within 72 hours and the NPV within 24 hours for calcium carbonate concentration determination (standard value set to 400 μg/g) were 93.8% and 98.3%, respectively. The PPV within 72 hours and the NPV within 24 hours for the pH test (standard value set at 6.4) were 97.9% and 99.4%, respectively. The PPV within 72 hours and the NPV within 24 hours for the Brix test (standard value set to 20%) were 73.2% and 96.5%, respectively. Results suggested that the pH test with the standard value set at a pH of 6.4 would be useful in the management of preparturient mares by predicting when mares are not ready to foal. This was accomplished with equal effectiveness of measuring calcium carbonate concentration with a water hardness kit.

Reference line-pair values of panoramic radiographs using an arch-form phantom stand to assess clinical image quality

PurposeThis study was performed to suggest reference line-pair values of panoramic images with clinically desirable qualities using an arch-form phantom stand.Materials and MethodsThe line-pair test phantom was chosen. A real skull model was selected for setting the arch-form model of the phantom stand. The phantom stand had slits in four regions (incisor, premolar, molar, TMJ). Four raw images of the test phantom in each region and one raw image of the real skull were converted into 50 test phantom images and 50 skull phantom images with various line-pair values. 50 post-processed real skull phantom images were divided into 4 groups and were randomly submitted to 14 evaluators. Image quality was graded on a 4 point scale (1. good, 2. normal, 3. poor but interpretable, and 4. not interpretable). The reference line pair was determined as the first line-pair value scored less than 2 points.ResultThe mean scores tended to decrease as the line-pair values increased. The reference line-pair values were 3.19 LP/mm in the incisor, 2.32 LP/mm in the premolar and TMJ, and 1.88 LP/mm in the molar region.ConclusionImage quality evaluation methods and criteria should be able to assess various regions considering the characteristics of panoramic systems. This study suggested overall and regional reference line-pair values and established a set of standard values for them.

Comparison of calibration curves using the L p norm

Interlaboratory comparisons are a fundamental task in order to provide measurements with traceability. The simplest possible scenario implies that a single traveling standard of a quantity is measured at various laboratories. A more complex scenario arises when the laboratories measure a large set of standard values pertaining to a given physical quantity or when the traveling standard is not a realization of the quantity of interest but a measuring instrument. In the last case, it might be convenient to globally compare the calibration curves provided by the laboratories. We will introduce a distance between two generic analytical curves based on the Least Power L p norm of their difference. The properties of such distance will be presented, with particular attention to its dependence on the parameter p.

Mechanistic modelling of pilling. Part II: Individual-fibre computational model

A one-dimensional computational model of pilling of a fibre assembly has been created. The model follows a set of individual fibres, as free ends and loops appear as fuzz and are progressively withdrawn from the body of the assembly, and entangle to form pills, which eventually break off or are pulled out. The time dependence of the computation is given by ticks, which correspond to cycles of a wear and laundering process. The movement of the fibres is treated as a reptation process. A set of standard values is used as inputs to the computation. Predictions are given of the change with a number of cycles of mass of fuzz, mass of pills, and mass removed from the assembly. Changes in the standard values allow sensitivity studies to be carried out.

Component value selection for active filters using parallel tabu search algorithm

The determined component values by means of conventional approach to the design of analogue electronic circuits, typically do not coincide with all manufactured standard values and the designer selects the nearest standard value, thus causing a design deviation. In general, a better set of standard values will exist in the discrete domain of standard component values. However, this set will be in a solution space of all possible component-value combinations that is a highly complex discrete search problem. Tabu search is a heuristic optimisation algorithm, which simulates the general rules of intelligent problem solving and has the ability of discovering the global minima in a multi-modal search space. In this work, a novel method based on a parallel tabu search algorithm is described for the component value selection of the analogue active filter.

A lateral cephalometric analysis of the adult nose

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish a set of standard values for the form of the nose and its relationship to other craniofacial structures in young adult Caucasians. Subjects and Methods: The subjects were 50 (25 male, 25 female) Caucasian dental students who gave no history of orthodontic treatment, facial surgery, or facial fractures. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to determine the form of the nose and its position relative to other craniofacial structures. Results: The men had significantly longer and straighter noses than the women, and their noses also projected further from the face. The dorsum of the nose was straight in most subjects. The vertical distances from the tip of the nose to the most prominent part of the upper lip, to the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor, and to soft tissue pogonion were significantly greater in the men. There were no gender differences in the horizontal distances between the same points and the tip of the nose. Subnasale was significantly more prominent in the men. Conclusions: In general, the findings of nasal form and position are in agreement with previous studies. Several gender differences in nasal form and position were found. The standards reported should prove to be a useful yardstick for clinicians engaged in procedures likely to alter the form of the adult human face.

An algorithm for intrinsic gain and offset stabilization of gamma-ray pulse height spectra

A new algorithm for the intrinsic stabilization of the pulse height spectra (PHSs) of multiply scattered gamma -rays that makes gain and offset corrections based on spectral shape is described. In the implementation, the input spectrum is transformed from assumed values of gain and offset to a set of standard values. The PHSs are projected onto four spectral principal components, and the mean square error between the transformed input spectrum and its rank four representation is minimized. For noise-free spectra, it was found that the algorithm can estimate gain with a root mean square (RMS) error of 1%, and offset with an RMS error of 0.6 keV when the spectral components were determined from the test data. For noisy spectra the RMS errors for gain and offset were 4% and 1.7 keV, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of human blood platelets exposed to minimal handling procedures.

A detailed morphometric study of normal human blood platelets is described. The purpose has been to evaluate the morphological characteristics of platelets exposed to minimal handling procedures in order to obtain an optimal basis for the appraisal of platelets in disease. Blood from 10 healthy volunteers was collected directly into buffered glutaraldehyde and processed for electron microscopy. This platelet fixation procedure resulted in excellent preservation of resting platelet ultrastructure with one exception: the dense bodies. Compared to platelets fixed following washing procedures, our directly fixed platelets comprised fewer pseudopods and contained more glycogen. An unexpected feature of the open canalicular system was the apparent release of blisters interpreted as microvesicles. Employing a computerized image analyzer, 300 of the platelets were examined morphologically. The morphometric data thus obtained were analyzed statistically, resulting in a set of standard values for morphological characteristics of human platelets which we have found useful in subsequent evaluations of platelet morphology in disease. Significant inter-individual variance was, however, detected in two instances, in the section area of the alpha granules, as well as the area fraction of platelet sections occupied by channels of the open canalicular system (OCS). This should be taken into consideration when appraising platelet ultrastructure in health and disease.

Conformational studies on peptides with proline in the right‐handed α‐helical region

The proline residues in proteins are known to play an important structural role. Recently, the role of a proline residue in the middle of right-handed alpha-helical segments of peptides has been the focus of attention. This role seems to be particularly important in the case of membrane proteins and in the tight packing of globular proteins. In the present study the right-handed alpha-helical region of the Ala-Pro dipeptide and of polypeptides containing this group have been investigated. Crystal structures of proline-containing alpha-helices from some proteins have been analyzed and energy minimization studies on some model fragments containing Ala-Pro in the right-handed alpha-helical conformation have been carried out using flexible geometry. The present calculations indicate that the right-handed alpha-helical region of conformational space is an energetically favored region that can also accommodate Ala-Pro in longer segments of right-handed alpha-helix. This is achieved due to minor variations in some of the internal parameters. Deviations in the backbone parameters of proline in the right-handed alpha-helix lead to a kink of about 23 degrees in the helix axis. These deviations have been characterized and a set of standard values has been suggested for producing such a kink. These values can be used for model building and as starting points for further minimization studies. Previous energy minimization studies have been done using rigid geometry. This may explain why the minimum for Ala-Pro in the right-handed alpha-helical region has not been recognized thus far.

Proximity relations between tyrosine and tryptophan residues in fd phage determined by luminescence measurements

Resonance energy transfer from tyrosine to tryptophan residues was detected in the phage fd. The magnitude of the transfer efficiency was estimated by both a traditional and an alternative method. The latter involved comparison of the indole acceptor excitation spectrum full-width half-maximum with a set of standard values differing in the amount of absorbance contributed by tyrosine donor. Both methods lead to the same conclusion: essentially all the tyrosine residues of the viral coat are within 0.9 nm of a tryptophan residue. Also, fluorescence lifetime measurements provide additional support for the hypothesis that there are at least two different environments for the coat protein's sole indole side-chain. Little if any DNA phosphorescence was seen, consistent with the nucleic acid bases being stacked in the DNA core.