Standard Provisions Research Articles

FEATURES OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN IN REVERSE ENGINEERING OF SWITCHING DEVICES

Industrial design is widely used to create industrial products intended mainly for direct human use. At the same time, depending on the class (type, group) of the product, different approaches to artistic design are possible. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the most characteristic features of industrial design in reverse engineering of high-current switching devices. Materials and methods. When describing the aesthetic parameters of the shape, an elemental analysis of the samples was used. The artistic design of the front panel is generalized by the provisions of technical aesthetics and standards. When protecting exclusive rights, an analysis of requirements and recommendations for obtaining legal protection as an industrial design was used. Research results. The evaluation of the shape during the reverse engineering of switching devices was performed, which practically repeats the proto-type shape, which is a combination of classical bodies in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and a cylinder. This form organically combines the utilitarian and aesthetic qualities of the device and is characterized by both internal and external beauty. For visual perception of the design of switching devices, photographs of the general appearance and front panel of modular contactors from different manufacturers (ABB, Schneider Electric, Siemens, VNIIR-Progress) are used as an example. All devices have a single shaping style characteristic of this type of device, and differ mainly in the corporate style of the artistic design of the front panel. The features of the aesthetic indicators of the front panel (a graphic image of the company’s logo or trademark, a combination of color solutions and the configuration of the placement of elements) are visually reflected on the 3D model of the device and are given in the verbal description of this model, which together reveal the essential features of the solution of the appearance protected as an industrial design. Conclusions. In reverse engineering, the shape of the switching devices is taken as the shape of a prototype presenting the type representative of the device of a leading electrical engineering company, and the main task of the design is reduced to the artistic design of the front panel. One of the forms of protection of the exclusive rights of the results of such creativity is to obtain legal protection as an industrial design, where the novelty and originality of essential features are determined by the corporate style of appearance.

Features of the calculation for the fatigue of tower structure

This article describes the effect of the phenomenon of vortex shedding under the action of frontal wind on tower structures of solid crosssection.The phenomenon of vortex shedding occurs at wind speeds higher than certain critical ones, which on the Beaufort scale correspond to weak and moderate winds with a very large number of cycles, which requires the calculation of structures forendurance. An additional feature of this aspect is that the phenomenon of vortex shedding is quite unknown in broad engineering practice in Ukraine and for the first time a reference to the need to calculate structures for vortex excitation appeared with the introduction of Amendment 2 to DBN V.1.2-2:2006 "Loads and influences. Design standards" only in 2020. This article provides an analysis of existing calculation methods and the state of the provisions of national standards for thecalculation of tower structures for complex wind effects. In particular, the problems of calculating structures for dynamic action when calculating for frontal wind are indicated. The critical speeds for real tower structures and the approximate number of vibration cycles per year occurring during normal operation were also estimated. It was found that thenumber of cyclic self-oscillations from vortex shedding with a stress asymmetry coefficient ρ=-1 is from 2 to 15 million per year, which indicates the need to limit the stresses in structures and their details to the values of the endurance limit. Thearticle provides calculations of the values of the endurance limits for different groups of structures, analyzes the feasibility of using high-strength steel grades. An analysis of the reduction in the number of cycles when stresses exceed the endurance limit is also performed and it is proven that insignificant excesses of stresses within 3..5% can significantly reduce the endurance of structures by several times.This conclusion is especially relevant when calculating lattice-type space-frame structures that have an external enclosing shell that creates a wind effect in the structure similar to a solid-wall structure. Such features are relevant primarily for largescale monumental structures.

Client experiences with veterinary professionals: a narrative inquiry study

ABSTRACT Aims To use a narrative inquiry approach to explore animal owner experiences and feelings during engagement with veterinary services with the goal of understanding what a “good experience” looks and feels like from a client perspective. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 animal owners, primarily companion animal owners of New Zealand European ethnicity, via video call or telephone. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results The participants narrated both positive and negative experiences with veterinary professionals, the impacts of those experiences and subsequent actions by the client. Four main themes emerged. The first identified features of the practice, beyond the standard provision of veterinary services, that had attracted participants, e.g. specific services offered. The next theme concerned the overall experience for the participants, where clients felt welcomed and cared for at all stages of the interaction. The third theme focused on building and maintaining quality relationships. We found that the principles of relationship-centred care apply and that when these factors were absent, conflict appeared more likely. The fourth theme considered factors that impacted the client–veterinary professional relationship. Our findings suggest that clients were more forgiving of poor outcomes if there was a good match and a strong existing relationship between the veterinary clinic and the client, and if the poor outcome was managed well by the veterinary practice. Managing poor outcomes well was strongly aligned with having honesty and integrity. Conclusions The narratives provided insights into client experiences and what is important to them when seeking animal healthcare in terms of the features that a specific veterinary practice offered them and the connections with the personnel at the veterinary practice. Relationship-centred care was key but required a good client fit to the practice to begin with. Clinical relevance The themes outlined in this article offer a framework for veterinary practices to assess their current performance against client priorities. By identifying areas for improvement, practices can develop plans to enhance both client satisfaction, and staff and overall practice well-being.

Guidelines for Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Columns with Various Types of Degradation Subjected to Seismic Loading

Concrete columns are considered critical elements with respect to the stability of buildings during earthquakes. To improve the accuracy of column damage and collapse risk estimates using numerical simulations, it is important to develop a methodology to quantify the effect of displacement history on column force–deformation modeling parameters. Addressing this knowledge gap systematically and comprehensively through experimentation is difficult due to the prohibitive cost. The primary objective of this study was to develop guidelines to simulate the lateral cyclic behavior and axial collapse of concrete columns with different modes of failure using continuum finite element (FE) models, such that wider parametric studies can be conducted numerically to improve the accuracy of assessment methodologies for critical columns. This study expands on existing FEM research by addressing the complex behavior of columns that experience multiple failure modes, including axial collapse following flexure–shear, shear, and flexure degradation, a topic which has been underexplored in previous works. Nonlinear FE models were constructed and calibrated to experimental tests for 21 columns that sustained flexure, flexure–shear, and shear failures, followed by axial failure, when subjected to cyclic and monotonic lateral displacement protocols. The selected columns represented a range of axial loads, shear stresses, transverse reinforcement ratios, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, and shear span-to-depth ratios. Recommendations on optimal material model parameters obtained from a parametric study are presented. Metrics used for optimization include crack widths, damage in concrete and reinforcement, drift at initiation of axial and lateral strength degradation, and peak lateral strength. The capacities of shear–critical columns calculated with the optimized numerical models are compared with experimental results and standard equations from ASCE 41-17 and ACI 318-19. The optimized finite element models were found to reliably predict peak strength and deformation at the onset of both lateral and axial strength failure, independent of the mode of lateral strength degradation. Also, current standard shear capacity provisions were found to be conservative in most cases, while the FE models estimated shear strength with greater accuracy.

Assessment of induction furnace steel slag as a potential river sand substitute for the production of standard concrete

AbstractThe global construction industry consumes about 50 billion tons of sand every year and in the last two decades; the consumption has tripled in amount. As a critical concern, continuous research is in progress to examine numerous materials as alternatives of river sand. This study focuses to completely replace river sand by induction furnace steel slag (IFSS) for producing standard concrete of M25 grade without compromising the mechanical strength of the resulting mix. One hundred and fifty millimeter sized cubes and 150 mm × 300 mm sized cylinders were casted using Portland slag cement (PSC) and Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) as per Indian standard provisions. Laboratory tests were performed to assess workability, hardened density, compressive strength (7 and 28 days) and splitting tensile strength (28 days). At 100% replacement level, the obtained values of (PSC, PPC) specimens are: slump values (35, 40 mm); hardened density (2730, 2790 kg/m3); compressive strength (34.83, 38.10 MPa) and splitting tensile strength (3.03, 3.32 MPa). This research will act as a game‐changer in the construction industry towards a global sustainable future.

Provision of Standards to Support the Potential Utilisation of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash from Coal-Fired Power Plants for Wastewater Treatment

Provision of Standards to Support the Potential Utilisation of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash from Coal-Fired Power Plants for Wastewater Treatment

Clinical and cost-effectiveness of first contact physiotherapy for musculoskeletal disorders in primary care: the FRONTIER, mixed method realist evaluation.

First-contact physiotherapists assess and diagnose patients with musculoskeletal disorders, determining the best course of management without prior general practitioner consultation. The primary aim was to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of first-contact physiotherapists compared with general practitioner-led models of care. Mixed-method realist evaluation of effectiveness and costs, comprising three main phases: A United Kingdom-wide survey of first contact physiotherapists. Rapid realist review of first contact physiotherapists to determine programme theories. A mixed-method case study evaluation of 46 general practices across the United Kingdom, grouped as three service delivery models: General practitioner: general practitioner-led models of care (no first contact physiotherapists). First-contact physiotherapists standard provision: standard first-contact physiotherapist-led model of care. First-contact physiotherapists with additional qualifications: first-contact physiotherapists with additional qualifications to enable them to inject and/or prescribe. United Kingdom general practice. A total of 46 sites participated in the case study evaluation and 426 patients were recruited; 80 staff and patients were interviewed. Short Form 36 physical outcome component score and costs of treatment. No statistically significant difference in the primary outcome Short Form 36 physical component score measure at 6-month primary end point between general practitioner-led, first-contact physiotherapist standard provision and first-contact physiotherapist with additional qualifications models of care. A greater number of patients who had first-contact physiotherapist standard provision (72.4%) and first-contact physiotherapist with additional qualifications (66.4%) showed an improvement at 3 months compared with general practitioner-led care (54.7%). No statistically significant differences were found between the study arms in other secondary outcome measures, including the EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version. Some 6.3% of participants were lost to follow-up at 3 months; a further 1.9% were lost to follow-up after 3 months and before 6 months. Service-use analysis data were available for 348 participants (81.7%) at 6 months. Inspecting the entire 6 months of the study, a statistically significant difference in total cost was seen between the three service models, irrespective of whether inpatient costs were included or excluded from the calculation. In both instances, the general practitioner service model was found to be significantly costlier, with a median total cost of £105.50 versus £41.00 for first-contact physiotherapist standard provision and £44.00 for first-contact physiotherapists with additional qualifications. Base-case analysis used band 7 for first-contact physiotherapist groups. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken at band 8a for first-contact physiotherapists with additional qualifications; the general practitioner-led model of care remained significantly costlier. Qualitative investigation highlighted key issues to support implementation: understanding role remit, integrating and supporting staff including full information technology access and extended appointment times. Services were significantly impacted by COVID-19 treatment restrictions, and recruitment was hampered by additional pressures in primary care. A further limitation was the lack of diversity within the sample. First-contact physiotherapists and general practitioner models of care are equally clinically effective for people with musculoskeletal disorders. Analysis showed the general practitioner-led model of care is costlier than both the first-contact physiotherapist standard provision and first-contact physiotherapist with additional qualifications models. Implementation is supported by raising awareness of the first-contact physiotherapist role, retention of extended appointment times, and employment models that provide first-contact physiotherapists with professional support. Determining whether shifting workforce impacts physiotherapy provision and outcomes across the musculoskeletal pathway. The study is registered as Research Registry UIN researchregistry5033. This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: 16/116/03) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 12, No. 49. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

STAAD Based G+2 Single-Column Residential Analysis

The principle cause of this study is to layout a whole building relaxation on a single column. The rapid increase in population and scarcity of land tends to the development of construction technology and high- rise commercial structures. The building plays a vital role in improving various activities in the late world. The Aim of present study “Analysis and design of high rise building by staad pro is to define proper technique for creating Geometry, cross sections for column and beam etc, developing specification and supports conditions, types of Loads and load combinations. In this study a 30- storey high rise structure is analyzed for seismic and wind load combination using staad pro and comparison is drawn. Currently, there are four mosques on Java Island recognized as Saka Tunggal Mosques, which employ a single wooden column as the main column, placed at the center of the prayer hall to support the roof. This unique structural system, when compared to the traditional four-column system, is remarkable even if its style is exceptional for mosques on Java Island. This study aims to provide scientific data and promote the local government's understanding about the importance of the Saka Tunggal Mosques by focusing on the one in Banyumas, which is placed at a cultural heritage site, founded in 1871. The rapid increase in population and scarcity of land tends to the development of construction technology and high-rise commercial structures. Building plays a vital role for improving the various activities. In the late world, prompt to action of peoples from one place to another is of great extent mainly for earnings. In building more facilities like financing section, computer section, administration section, design section and drawing section are provided. The aim of the project is to analyse and design of multi-storey building resting on the single column by using different code provisions. A lay out plan of the proposed building is drawn by using AUTO CADD. The structure consists of ground floor plus five floors, each floor having the one house. Staircase must be provided separately. The planning is done as per Indian standard code provisions. The building frames are analyzed using the various text books. Using this so many standard books analysis of bending moment, shear force, deflection, end moments and foundation reactions are calculated. Detailed structural drawings for critical and typical R.C.C. members are also drawn. Recent studies regarding progressive collapse resistance of buildings considered only single critical column removal scenario. However, limited investigations have been conducted so far to assess multi-column removal scenarios. Hence this study is made to compare progressive collapse resistance of a multi-story building under both single and multi-column removal scenarios. An eight-storey reinforced concrete building was analyzed by using linear static analysis procedure and DCR values of the members are calculated to investigate the potential of progressive collapse as per GSA guideline.

Accounting for cryptocurrencies in international practice

Introduction. With the expansion of the application scope of cryptocurrency, the current enterprise accounting processing and the supervision of relevant departments are facing great challenges: due to the lack of corresponding accounting standards, enterprises holding cryptocurrency rely more on the judgment of enterprise accounting when conducting relevant business processing. The main purpose of this study is to clarify the specific standards for including cryptocurrency in accounting entity, and provide basic guiding principles for the handling of such assets in accounting records and financial reports. The specific objectives of this research include in-depth analysis of the core characteristics of encrypted assets in financial accounting and determination of their appropriate classification attributes. Methods. Thisstudy strictly follows the scientific and systematicinquirymethod, integrates the conventional research techniques such as analysis, synthesis and generalization, and uses statistical tools as an aid. In order to achieve the research goal, this study carefully screened and deeply analyzed the academic literature and publications in related fields, and adopted interpretation and analysis methods. Through careful content analysis, this study not only reveals the similarities and differences in the literature, but also gives clear guidance on how to properly handle cryptocurrency in financial statements. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Accounting Standards (IAS) serve as theoretical references to evaluate the applicability of cryptocurrency accounting, and provide important standards for considering its impact on financial reporting. Results. Although cryptocurrencies have gradually developed rapidly, the accounting principles still include the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The nature of cryptocurrency is complex, and it is difficult to determine how to conduct accounting treatment. This situation may make the omission of corporate accounting information disclosure, and the relevant investors will bear higher risks. It may also lead to related enterprises encountering bottlenecks when seeking listing opportunities, and turn to overseas markets to outflow of opportunities. Therefore, we should set appropriate accounting standards for cryptocurrencies as soon as possible. By combing the current Australia, Britain, the United States, Canada has issued encryption currency accounting guidelines, and the relevant provisions of the international accounting standards and the opinions of large accounting firms, the current encryption currency accounting theory exploration, for accounting entities hold encryption currency accounting recommendations. Perspectives. A promising direction for further research is to improve the methodology of accounting for the movement of cryptocurrency, taking into account the volatility and dynamism of the market. The procedure for controlling electronic transactions using cryptocurrencies to ensure public trust in them, to confirm the reliability of electronic information and the completeness of the display of generalized indicators in various forms of reporting requires additional scientific and applied developments.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENGUNGKAPAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN KONSOLIDASI BERDASARKAN PSAK 110

A consolidated financial statement is a report that presents financial information reflecting the financial position and operational performance of a parent company along with one or more subsidiaries as a single economic entity (Khaerudin, dkk., 2023). The preparation of consolidated financial statements is based on the end-period reports of each subsidiary, which are then combined by the parent company to produce the consolidated financial statements (Saputro, dkk., 2023). Using a quantitative method, this study was conducted by the author to compare consolidated financial statements between the banking sector and the food and beverage sector in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 110. The analysis results indicate that PT Bank Central Asia Tbk outperforms PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk due to differences in the business sectors they operate in. Compliance with applicable Financial Accounting Standards plays a crucial role in establishing a company's reputation as a transparent and highly ethical entity in its financial reporting. This approach also enhances the company's image in the eyes of investors and supports long-term business sustainability.

Evaluation of the methodological framework of the financial audit in the Republic of Moldova

Making an audit involves a complex of measures and application techniques for exhaustive reporting based on financial reports. Precisely for this reason, methodologies were approved that are applied in the framework of audits at institutions. The methodological framework is an aid to auditors and guidance for each type of audit. Over the years, the methodological framework has been adjusted and improved, so as to cope with the current requirements and at the same time assessing the risks, taking into account the up-to-date developments. By evaluating the methodological framework of the financial audit, the author aims to establish the compliance of the institution and/or the subdivisions responsible for the exercise of financial audits with the provisions of national and international standards regarding the method of carrying out both internal and external financial audits. The methodological framework is an official document approved by the institution authorized to perform audits. During the audit missions, the auditors apply the methodological framework, depending on the type of audit, its theme and complexity.

ANALYSIS OF THE REGULATORY AND METHODOLOGICAL APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT TESTS OF ARMORED TANK AND VEHICLE EQUIPMENT TO THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL MECHANICAL AND CLIMATE FACTORS

In the work is carried out an analytical study of normative and methodical support of the processes of testing armored and automobile vehicles to the influence of climatic and mechanical factors. Unsolved aspects of the testing are highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of conducting tests of military equipment and its components on the influence of external mechanical and climatic factors have been identified for national standards of Ukraine and national standards harmonized with international standards in order to form the direction of further improvement of the regulatory and methodical apparatus to increase the accuracy and reliability of equipment evaluation in operating conditions. The need to improve test methods based on increasing the accuracy and reliability of equipment evaluation during laboratory tests is substantiated. The provisions of foreign military standards, which are used in Ukraine and the world as basic – STANAG 4370, MIL-STD-810 were analyzed. Based on the analysis of these standards, which include requirements for conducting tests, methods, procedures and acceptance criteria for equipment in operational conditions, the direction and method of improving test methods is determined. Prospective directions for ensuring standardization in the process of testing are outlined, in which there is a high need to maintain a high level of reliability and efficiency of armored and automobile vehicles in operational conditions. The need to adapt standards to modern challenges and threats has been established by optimizing test methods in conditions that are as close as possible to real ones, as well as using the latest technologies to improve the processes of monitoring the state of equipment.

Системи перерозподілення транспортних потоків. Транспортні розв'язки. Застосовувані терміни

Summary Introduction. In the introduction to the paper, the common questions concerning the assurance of the terminological congruence of national standards’ provisions, when being harmonized, with provisions of regional or international standards were outlined and also important sources of appropriate regional information in the sector of the transport infrastructure were identified. Problem statement. The issue of the paper concerns terminological matter in the domain of definitions for the interchange systems on motor roads peculiarly those constituting international traffic arteries and for elements of such systems. Purpose. The paper is aimed on the analysis of scientific sources and provisions of the EU regulatory acts to state the problems and develop the propositions concerning initial points for the enlargement of the structure of terminology relating the interchange systems on motor roads constituting international traffic arteries.

Evaluating an early social communication intervention for young children with Down syndrome (ASCEND): results from a feasibility randomised control trial

BackgroundThis paper reports the results from a feasibility trial of an early parent-delivered social communication intervention for young children with Down syndrome (‘ASCEND’). The intervention focuses on developing children’s early social communication skills, in particular responding to shared attention. The aim was to inform the feasibility of running a full-scale trial through National Health Service (NHS) Speech and Language Therapy (SaLT) services, to assess whether the intervention is effective in improving language skills before children with Down syndrome start school.MethodsThis was a two-arm feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 1:1 randomisation stratified by trial site, comparing the intervention plus standard NHS SaLT provision with standard NHS SaLT alone. We recruited 20 children with Down syndrome aged between 11 and 36 months through 3 NHS SaLT services, 19 of whom were randomised (10 — intervention group, 9 —control group). Pre- and post-intervention and 6-month follow-up assessments included language, social communication skills, adaptive behaviour, quality of life (parents and children), parental anxiety and depression. The intervention was parent delivered with parents having access to SaLT services and the research team during the intervention. Data were collected on recruitment and retention, standard care, treatment fidelity, acceptability of the intervention by the parents and speech and language therapists, feasibility of collecting health economic measures and suitability of the primary outcome measure.ResultsThe sample was sufficient for a feasibility study. The intervention (manual, support, materials) was positively received by the participating parents. Speech and language therapists also evaluated the acceptability of the intervention positively. Treatment fidelity which was measured by completion of weekly parent diaries and two adherence phone call was acceptable as 100% of the parent diaries were returned, over 90% of the parental diaries were completed correctly and 100% of adherence phone calls were completed. Retention was acceptable at 84% overall. The preliminary health economic data suggest that this intervention will be low cost. The sample size calculation suggests that 290 participants would need to be recruited, with 228 having a complete data set, for a full RCT.ConclusionBased on recruitment, retention and treatment fidelity, as well as the acceptability of the intervention to parents and speech and language therapists, a full-scale trial would be feasible in order to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.Trial registrationISRCTN13902755, registered on 25th August 2020, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13902755

Reducing contract disputes: A comparative analysis of FIDIC and GCC standard general conditions of contract for construction projects

Contractors working in foreign countries face challenges and disputes due to differences between customized general contract conditions and the standard conditions of Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils (FIDIC) contracts. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, these conditions are primarily FIDIC-based but customized to local laws and practices. This study addresses the gap in understanding how these customizations impact contract administration and aims to minimize conflicts. The research compares FIDIC clauses on "Commencement, Delay, and Suspension," "Variation and Adjustments," and "Claims, Disputes, and Arbitration" with GCC standard clauses, focusing on party roles, time restrictions, repercussions, and entitlements. Using a comparative analysis methodology, the study examines contract documents and legal frameworks across GCC countries. Key findings reveal that late commencement notices can lead to significant delays and damages, with varied implications across Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE. Additionally, contractors might incur costs for engineering services during delays. Variation and dispute procedures vary, with Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia favoring litigation, while Bahrain, Oman, and the UAE prefer arbitration. This research enhances understanding of the key differences between adopted and standard contract provisions, offering insights to better manage construction projects in the GCC region.

Analysis of Service Quality Improvement Using Service Quality (SERVQUAL) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Methods (Case Study at PDAM Banggai Regency)

PDAM Kab.Banggai is a service company that has the aim of meeting the needs in the field of clean water must provide the best service. The purpose of this research is to analyze service quality based on customer satisfaction and find out the factors that affect service quality to get a solution to the causes of problems based on service quality. This research will use the servqual method to measure service quality with the level of perceptions and expectations of consumers in the services provided by service providers. Furthermore, the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method is used in measuring the level of importance and performance so that the company can find out the attributes that need to be improved and maintained in service based on a Cartesian diagram and will produce a basis for customer satisfaction. After that, the Fishbone Diagram is used to analyze the consequences by finding and describing the factors that cause the existing problems. Then given the proposed improvements and submitted PDAM to be followed up by PDAM Kab.Banggai. The results of the Service Quality analysis of the quality of service of PDAM Kab. Banggai obtained a negative Gap in the Reliability dimension at attribute B5 (-1.200), in the Responsiveness dimension obtained a negative Gap at attribute C1 (-1.140), at attribute C2 with a negative Gap (- 1.120) and in the Assurance dimension with a negative Gap (-0.560). The results of the analysis using Importance Performance Analysis obtained 4 attributes that are among the top priorities for improvement, namely the attributes contained in quadrant I. The four attributes that are the top priorities for improvement are the ease with which customers can submit complaints online to the PDAM, employees are responsive when answering complaints from customers through online media such as whatsapp, officers contact customers when they cannot fulfill the specified repair promise and the use of PDAM services Kab. Banggai is guaranteed to be safe when making payment transactions. The proposed improvements given to PDAM Kab. Banggai are Attribute D2, namely conducting a re- check before making payment bills to customers, collaborating with third parties such as banks and outlets (indomaret, alfamidi, etc.) and making payment applications directly linked to PDAM accounts so that there is no manipulation during the payment process. Attribute C2 is instilling a sense of responsibility in officers and openness to customers to contact customers as soon as possible if something happens or cannot fulfill the specified repair promise, the need to make SOPs so that they have standard provisions for contacting customers if they cannot fulfill repair promises and provide facilities to contact customers. Attribute C1, namely recruiting Customer Service and implementing a 24-hour work shift system to be available if there are complaints via messages or calls, implementing online complaint services for 24 hours to be responsive to answering customer complaints and providing social media accounts that are always updated to provide information about PDAM and responsive when there are complaints from customers online. Attribute B5, namely implementing a work shift system for officers who are available when there are complaints via messages or calls, implementing online complaint services through social media and providing media for customers to submit complaints online such as providing PDAM contact numbers that are always active 24 hours. For further research, it is hoped that it will be able to research to implement the proposed improvements provided and analyze the quality of service after implementing the proposed improvements provided by the author so that the effectiveness of the services that have been implemented can be known.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE STATUS OF A REFUGEE AND A PERSON WHO HAS OBTAINED TEMPORARY PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF ARMED AGGRESSION BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE)

The article provides a comparative description of the essence, grounds for granting and terminating the status of a refugee and a person receiving temporary protection, as well as the extent of their legal personality. The armed attack of the russian federation on Ukraine at the end of February 2022 led to a mass departure of Ukrainians abroad in search of safety and, accordingly, an influx of Ukrainian migrants to the countries of the world. Most Ukrainians ended up in Europe. In connection with the massive influx of displaced persons, the Council of the EU activated Directive 2001/55/EC on the provision of minimum standards for the provision of temporary protection and the application of measures that contribute to the balance of efforts between member states regarding the reception of such persons and responsibility for the consequences of such reception. Directive 2001/55/EC provides for the possibility of obtaining both temporary protection and refugee status, which determines the relevance of the study.

Role of Decentralization in Promoting Rural Development in Ibuje Sub County of Uganda

This paper aims to assess the aspect of decentralization and its impact on the development of the rural area within Ibuje Sub-County, Apac District Uganda. The effects of decentralization are analyzed with regard to primary education, health care, and agricultural extension services. This study also shows that decentralization has enhanced the availability of these services but has not necessarily enhanced the quality of these services. Specifically, as, access to primary education and health services has increased, the quality of education and health has not improved. On the other hand, there is an enhancement in the availability of extension services to enhance agricultural productivity. Thus, the study finds that decentralization can work for rural development but this demands the provision of national minimum standards and better supervision to guarantee quality service delivery in the rural regions. Keywords: Decentralization, Rural Development, Service Delivery, Uganda, Agricultural Extension

Revitalizing Indonesia’s Sugar Industry: Unveiling the Potential of Sago as a Catalyst for National Sugar Self Sufficiency in the Future

Sago, the other source of sugar production need to be pursued in Indonesia, as Indonesia is highly dependent on sugar cane. This study aimed to analyze the production of liquid sugar based on sago by enzymatic method. The characteristics of liquid sugar made from sago has met with the standard provisions of Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-2978992) except for the parameter of color. However, the color of sago liquid sugar is acceptable to consumers and market. The liquid sugar produced from sago could reach 0.6 to 0.8 liters per kg. If the sago is obtained from around 50,000 hectares of sago plantations and converted into liquid sugar, then around 600,000 kiloliters of sugar will be produced, or equivalent to 27% of the total national sugar production. The feasibility study showed that the sago liquid sugar business was profitable, which might be seen from the BCR value of 1.16, NPV Rp 58,754,955.64, PBP of 2 years 11 months, and IRR of 34.73%. Even though sago has a great potential, but the development still faces various problems such as unproper sago cultivation, difficulty to access sago land, limited mastery of farmer technology, and unestablished farmer institutions.

Assessment of existing PC structures according to EN 1992-1-1:2023

The paper aims to present a number of additional standard provisions and changes included in EN 1992-1-1:2023, published in November 2023. Among other features, the new version of Eurocode 2 includes informative annexes on the assessment of existing structures and safety formats for non-linear analysis, which previously were not standardised. In addition, the paper summarises the basic changes of the new standard for the analysis of prestressed concrete structures. The paper also presents an example of the assessment of an existing post-tensioned concrete member in compliance with the recommendations of the EN 1992-1-1:2023 standard. The analyses were performed in two levels of accuracy, i.e. I – analytical method, II – nonlinear FEM analysis. Comparison of the obtained results indicates the potential of nonlinear analysis for optimal assessment of existing structures in accordance with Eurocode 2, especially for non-standard structures, such as prestressed structures.