Standard Projection Research Articles

A Historical Perspective on Romania’s Military Infrastructure: The Evolution of Construction Regulations and Prospects for Updating

The article presents the evolution of the military infrastructure in Romania from the 19th century to the present, focusing on the transformations in military construction regulations and the organization of design and construction activities. With the establishment of the standing armed forces, the technical norms for the construction of buildings and the principles for the barracks layout were defined and architects developed standard projects to speed up construction and minimize costs. The regulations have been adapted over time, following the evolution of the armed forces and military technologies. In the context of the significant increase in the Ministry of National Defence real estate investments in recent years, in order to align with the best international practices, updating the technical infrastructure norms with specifications regarding all types of spaces in the barracks has become timely and necessary. This study is based on the analysis of military regulations and specialized literature to investigate the evolution of the military infrastructure in Romania, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the current context. In conclusion, the article proposes an action plan for updating the technical norms, as well as a list of objectives regarding the content of these norms.

O perspectivă istorică asupra infrastructurii cazărmilor din România: evoluția și actualizarea normelor de construcție

The article presents the evolution of the military infrastructure in Romania from the 19th century to the present, focusing on the transformations in military construction regulations and the organization of design and construction activities. With the establishment of the standing armed forces, the technical norms for the construction of buildings and the principles for the barracks layout were defined and architects developed standard projects to speed up construction and minimize costs. The regulations have been adapted over time, following the evolution of the armed forces and military technologies. In the context of the significant increase in the Ministry of National Defence real estate investments in recent years, in order to align with the best international practices, updating the technical infrastructure norms with specifications regarding all types of spaces in the barracks has become timely and necessary. This study is based on the analysis of military regulations and specialized literature to investigate the evolution of the military infrastructure in Romania, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the current context. In conclusion, the article proposes an action plan for updating the technical norms, as well as a list of objectives regarding the content of these norms.

Palaces of Culture in Urals in Context of Architectural Policy of USSR (1920s-1980s)

For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the entire set of club buildings from the Soviet era in the Urals region (Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Orenburg regions, Bashkir and Udmurt ASSR) has been undertaken. The author of the article compiled a database comprising over 300 units. Information on specialized buildings of palaces of culture erected in cities and industrial settlements of the region in the 1920s-1980s was analyzed. The most popular standard projects of club buildings as well as individual projects were identified. A detailed description of palaces of culture, whose architectural appearance resonated widely in the public sphere, is provided. It is shown that in the late 1940s to early 1950s, under the dominance of neoclassical architectural aesthetics, a series of projects embodying exemplary characteristics were implemented in the Urals, clarifying the degree of centralization of the cultural policy of the USSR. The placement of specific cultural complexes is characterized in detail. A conclusion is drawn that club construction in cities and industrial settlements of the Urals was uneven both spatially and chronologically. The peak of construction was in the 1950s, with a significant decrease in the pace of building palaces of culture by the 1980s; the majority of clubs were concentrated in major industrial centers. The massiveness of club construction was determined by the use of standard projects, yet this does not diminish the specific valuable qualities of Soviet palaces of culture as a crucial element of historical heritage.

Extreme left anterior oblique projection guided leadless pacemaker implantation: a pilot study

Abstract Introduction Cardiac perforation with leadless pacemakers (LPM) remains a concern. Non-septal placement seems to be the main cause, with frequent delivery in the right ventricular (RV) free wall when using standard 30-40º left anterior oblique (LAO) projections. Thus, individualized angulations might be considered, because distinguishing septal from free-wall location with standard projections has been proved to be unreliable: previous studies have shown frequent RV free wall position misclassified as septal when using 30-40º LAO. Methods This is a single-center, observational pilot study, comparing a 60º LAO approach LPM (VR or VDD) implant technique with the standard one. All consecutive patients who received LPM using non-standard LAO projections (study cohort) were compared with an immediately retrospective cohort of consecutive patients who received LPM using only standard projections in the same institution (control cohort). In the study group, sequential 30-40º and 60º LAO projections were performed, and a RV transvenous reference was also considered in cases with preexisting pacing leads or by placing an electrophysiological catheter into an apical-septum position upon implanter´s criterion. The primary endpoint was the need of repositioning the delivery catheter in the study cohort, due to unproper position in the 30-40º LAO angulation. The secondary endpoints were: 1) procedural characteristics (procedure and fluoroscopy times, final fluoroscopic device position and number of deployments); 2) procedure related complications (the composite of vascular complications, implant failure, cardiac perforation, and device dislodgement); 3) acute pacing parameters. Results Twenty-one patients who received LPM using both 30-40º and 60º LAO (study cohort) were compared with 84 patients who received LPM using only 30-40º LAO. Delivery catheter repositioning was needed in 73,7% of patients (n=16/21) in the study cohort, most of them (n=14/16, 77,5%) due to catheter towards RV free wall, distinguished with 60º LAO from 30-40º LAO. Placement in non-midseptal locations was more common in the control group compared to the study group (74.7% vs. 42.8%, p=0.006). The median number of delivery attempts was higher in the study group (1.8±1.3 vs. 1.3±0.9, p=0.010), with longer procedural times. Threshold tended to be higher in the study group (0.8±0.7Vx0.4ms vs. 0.5±0.3Vx0.4ms, p=0.063), with smaller R-wave sensing (9.2±3.7mV vs. 11.4±4.4mV, p=0.038) and impedance (757±207ohms vs. 1026±314ohms, p<0.001). Conclusion 60º LAO frequently identified catheter mislocations using 30-40º LAO, helping to avoid RV free wall LPM deployment. This intervention resulted in longer procedures, possibly due to a higher number of repositions and delivery attempts. Pacing parameters remained adequate, although there was a trend for higher threshold, meanwhile sensing and impedance were lower, maybe related to worse myocardial contact when true septal placement is achieved.Study group implant sequenceBaseline and procedural characteristics

Integrating sustainability factors into corporate financial reporting in the modern ESG agenda context. Part 1

Subject. This article discusses innovations and trends in the development of corporate reporting standardization within the framework of the IFRS Foundation project and the initiative of the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group. Objectives. The article aims to reveal the essence of the main innovations and characterize the prospects for improving corporate financial reporting in the context of the development of ESG Standards by the International Sustainability Standards Board of the IFRS Foundation and the Task Force of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards Project. Methods. For the study, I used analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization. Results. Based on an analysis of the ESG agenda modern realities, the article identifies prerequisites and trends in the development of corporate reporting standardization in relation to the integration of sustainable development factors into financial reporting, and determines the impact of innovations of the two systems of sustainability reporting standards being developed on the informative and analytical value of corporate reporting. Conclusions and Relevance. The need to overcome the limitations and shortcomings of the GRI standards predetermined the development of two new systems of standards in the context of the ESG agenda modern realities. The International Sustainability Standards Board of the IFRS Foundation is developing standards designed to become a global framework for the disclosure of information on sustainable development, focused on the needs of investors and financial markets. The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group is developing European Sustainability Reporting Standards, which should cover a wide range of topics to meet the information needs of various stakeholders. New systems of ESG reporting standards are aimed at generating complete, coherent, comparable and verifiable information in the field of sustainable development. The research results obtained will contribute to the further promotion of sustainability reporting, improve corporate financial reporting practices by incorporating the impact of sustainability issues on value creation, and enhance stakeholder awareness and decision-making in a comprehensive and ESG-informed manner.

Optimalisasi Peran Lembaga Keuangan Syariah dalam Inklusivitas Grand design Ekonomi Syariah di Tingkat Asia

We will not receive God's kindness if we obey him and eat and drink from what He has commanded us to consume or from what He has made lawful. Our efforts, however, will be in futile if we disobey Him and continue to eat and drink from what is illegal. When we discuss halal products, we are discussing halal food items and beverages. Products that meet the requirements for legitimacy under Islamic Shariah are referred to as halal products. Items that are suitable for use with food and drink include: First, steer clear of anything that contains or is produced from pork. For example: bristle brushes made of swine feathers, lard (pork fat), gelatin, lechitine, and emulsifiers (E471). QS. Al-Baqarah (2):173 contains it. Both meats are from halal animals that were killed in accordance with Islamic Shariah regulations. Al-Maaidah, QS. (5):3. 3. Any food or beverage that isn't made with alcohol or any of its byproducts, or that purposefully adds non-alcohol ingredients and isn't khamr. QS. Al-Maaidah (5):90, Al-Baqarah (2):219. The fourth is neither blood nor a corpse that is off-limits to human consumption. Al-Baqarah, QS. (2): 173. Including any and all foods acquired lawfully. Everything is allowed to be consumed, especially food and liquids. Eat what is righteous and excellent in the earth, men, and do not walk in Satan's footsteps, for he is clearly your enemy.Notwithstanding the ongoing unpredictability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Dinar Standard projects that the six actual sharia economy sectors—halal food and drink, modest fashion, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, media and recreation, and travel—will account for 9.1% of the total growth in Muslim spending worldwide by 2022. By 2025, this growth is predicted to have increased by 7.5% to US$2.8 trillion. (CAGR)

Estimating brain and eye lens dose for the cardiologist in interventional cardiology-are the dose levels of concern?

To establish conversion coefficients (CCs), between mean absorbed dose to the brain and eye lens of the cardiologist and the air kerma-area product, PKA, for a set of projections in cardiac interventional procedures. Furthermore, by taking clinical data into account, a method to estimate the doses per procedure, or annual dose, is presented. Thermoluminescence dosimeters were used together with anthropomorphic phantoms, simulating a cardiologist performing an interventional cardiac procedure, to estimate the CCs for the brain and eye lens dose for nine standard projections, and change in patient size and x-ray spectrum. Additionally, a single CC has been estimated, accounting for each projections fraction of use in the clinic and associated PKA using clinical data from the dose monitoring system in our hospital. The maximum CCs for the eye lens and segment of the brain, is 5.47 μGy/Gycm2 (left eye lens) and 1.71 μGy/Gycm2 (left brain segment). The corresponding weighted CCs: are 3.39 μGy/Gycm2 and 0.89 μGy/Gycm2, respectively. Conversion coefficients have been established under actual scatter conditions, showing higher doses on the left side of the operator. Using modern interventional x-ray equipment, interventional cardiac procedures will not cause high radiation dose levels to the operator when a ceiling mounted shield is used, otherwise there is a risk that the threshold dose values for cataract will be reached. In addition to the CCs for the different projections, methods for deriving a single CC per cardiac interventional procedure and dose per year were introduced.

Current Health Data Standardization Project and Future Directions to Ensure Interoperability in Korea.

The need for interoperability at the national level was highlighted in Korea, leading to a consensus on the importance of establishing national standards that align with international technological standards and reflect contemporary needs. This article aims to share insights into the background of the recent national health data standardization policy, the activities of the Health Data Standardization Taskforce, and the future direction of health data standardization in Korea. To ensure health data interoperability, the Health Data Standardization Taskforce was jointly organized by the public and private sectors in December 2022. The taskforce operated three working groups. It reviewed international trends in interoperability standardization, assessed the current status of health data standardization, discussed its vision, mission, and strategies, engaged in short-term standardization activities, and established a governance system for standardization. On September 15, 2023, the notice of "Health Data Terminology and Transmission Standards" in Korea was thoroughly revised to improve the exchange of health information between information systems and ensure interoperability. This notice includes the Korea Core Data for Interoperability (KR CDI) and the Korea Core Data Transmission Standard (HL7 FHIR KR Core), which are outcomes of the taskforce's efforts. Additionally, to reinforce the standardized governance system, the Health-Data Standardization Promotion Committee was established. Active interest and support from medical informatics experts are needed for the development and widespread adoption of health data standards in Korea.

Simple calibration of fisheye lenses for hemispherical photography of the forest canopy

Canopy hemispherical photography (HP) is a technology for vegetation surveying that usually employs consumer-oriented devices. Variations on those devices are caused by technological advances and design. These variations, despite providing the potential for more reliable surveying, make the measurements challenging. The knowledge about how to standardize devices output is available, what is missing is a simple and inexpensive methodology to accomplish it. This is needed since the use of consumer-oriented devices creates an expectation of simplicity and affordability. To fill this methodology gap, we developed an easy-to-assemble calibration board of near-zero material cost (simple board) and outlined how to use it to develop device-specific functions: the projection function (fp) and the vignetting function (fv). The former relates view zenith angle (θ) with distance from image center, while fv models the radial decreasing of brightness known as vignetting effect. Explanations are accompanied by tailored R code. Altogether, we call it “the simple method”. Three devices were used to test it: a Nikon Coolpix 5700 with a FC-E9 converter (D1), a Nikon D610 with a Nikkor 8 mm fisheye lens (D2), and an iPhone 6 Plus with an Olloclip fisheye converter (D3). The reference data was taken with D1, corrected for vignetting effect with a photometric sphere and reprojected to the standard equidistant projection with a fv developed by Delta-T Devices (www.delta-t.co.uk). The root mean square error (RMSE) of the simple method were 0.55° θ and 0.021 relative radiance (RR) for D1; 1.8° θ and 0.1 RR for D2; and 2.1° θ and 0.066 RR for D3. This level of standardization will help to simplify the classification of canopy gaps, a key processing step in HP. And, if it is broadly adopted, will facilitate comparisons between independent studies and large time series.

A narrative review of global and national physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines development processes - The GUidelines Standards (GUS) project

BackgroundClinical and public health guidelines serve to direct clinical practice and policy, based on the best available evidence. The World Health Organization (WHO) and national health bodies of many countries have released physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines. Despite significant overlap in the body of evidence reviewed, the guidelines differ across jurisdictions. This study aimed to review the processes used to develop global and national physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines and examine the extent to which they conform with a recommended methodological standard for the development of guidelines. MethodsWe extracted data on nine sets of guidelines from seven jurisdictions (WHO, Australia, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States). We rated each set of guidelines as high, medium, or low quality on criteria related to the rigour of the development process. ResultsWe observed variation in the quality of guidelines development processes across jurisdictions and across different criteria. Guidelines received the strongest overall ratings for criteria on clearly describing the evidence selected and stating an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence. Guidelines received the weakest overall ratings for criteria related to clearly describing the methods used to formulate the recommendations and reporting external review by experts prior to publication. Evaluated against the selected criteria, the strongest processes were undertaken by the WHO and Canada. ConclusionsReaching agreement on acceptable guideline development processes, as well as the inclusion and appraisal procedures of different types of evidence, would help to strengthen and align future guidelines.

CCA Security with Short AEAD Tags

The size of the authentication tag represents a significant overhead for applications that are limited by bandwidth or memory. Hence, some authenticated encryption designs have a smaller tag than the required privacy level, which was also suggested by the NIST lightweight cryptography standardization project. In the ToSC 2022, two papers have raised questions about the IND-CCA security of AEAD schemes in this situation. These papers show that (a) online AE cannot provide IND-CCA security beyond the tag length, and (b) it is possible to have IND-CCA security beyond the tag length in a restricted Encode-then-Encipher framework. In this paper, we address some of the remaining gaps in this area. Our main result is to show that, for a fixed stretch, Pseudo-Random Injection security implies IND-CCA security as long as the minimum ciphertext size is at least as large as the required IND-CCA security level. We also show that this bound is tight and that any AEAD scheme that allows empty plaintexts with a fixed stretch cannot achieve IND-CCA security beyond the tag length. Next, we look at the weaker notion of MRAE security, and show that two-pass schemes that achieve MRAE security do not achieve IND-CCA security beyond the tag size. This includes SIV and rugged PRPs.

Pharmacometric in silico studies used to facilitate a national dose standardisation process in neonatology - application to amikacin.

Pharmacometricin silicoapproaches are frequently applied to guide decisions concerning dosage regimes during the development of new medicines. We aimed to demonstrate how such pharmacometric modelling and simulation can provide a scientific rationale for optimising drug doses in the context of the Swiss national dose standardisation project in paediatrics using amikacin as a case study. Amikacin neonatal dosage is stratified by post-menstrual age (PMA) and post-natal age (PNA) in Switzerland and many other countries. Clinical concerns have been raised for the subpopulation of neonates with a post-menstrual age of 30-35 weeks and a post-natal age of 0-14 days ("subpopulation of clinical concern"), as potentially oto-/nephrotoxic trough concentrations (Ctrough>5 mg/l) were observed with a once-daily dose of 15 mg/kg. We applied a two-compartmental population pharmacokinetic model (amikacin clearance depending on birth weight and post-natal age) to real-world demographic data from 1563 neonates receiving anti-infectives (median birth weight 2.3 kg, median post-natal age six days) and performed pharmacometric dose-exposure simulations to identify extended dosing intervals that would ensure non-toxic Ctrough(Ctrough<5 mg/l) dosages in most neonates. In the subpopulation of clinical concern, Ctrough<5 mg/l was predicted in 59% versus 79-99% of cases in all other subpopulations following the current recommendations. Elevated Ctroughvalues were associated with a post-natal age of less than seven days. Simulations showed that extending the dosing interval to ≥36 h in the subpopulation of clinical concern increased the frequency of a desirable Ctroughbelow 5 mg/l to >80%. Pharmacometricin silicostudies using high-quality real-world demographic data can provide a scientific rationale for national paediatric dose optimisation. This may increase clinical acceptance of fine-tuned standardised dosing recommendations and support their implementation, including in vulnerable subpopulations.

Current awareness and use of transthoracic echocardiography in evaluation of valvular heart disease in Kumamoto Prefecture -a report from the Kumamoto cardiovascular echocardiography standardization project.

There are few reports on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for the evaluation of valvular heart disease in a specific area or region. This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 2023 in Kumamoto Prefecture, where 106 hospitals provide cardiology services. Ninety-three (88%) of the hospitals completed questionnaires regarding TTE. The severity of low flow/low gradient AS was evaluated by dobutamine stress echocardiography in only 7% of hospitals and exercise stress echocardiography for asymptomatic mitral regurgitation in only 5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that participation in remote multi-institutional echocardiographic meetings and use of the Kumamoto Prefecture echocardiographic manual were significantly associated with the use of a multi-window approach (P < 0.05). In Kumamoto Prefecture, echocardiographic measurements are performed according to the recommendations at a relatively low rate. Dissemination of recommendations through remote meetings and the use of the echocardiographic manual may increase the likelihood of TTE being performed according to the recommendations.

Uncovering the Risk of Academic Information System Vulnerability through PTES and OWASP Method

The security of academic information systems needs consideration to anticipate various threats, resulting in data leakage, misuse of information, modification, and data destruction. There are 36 public and private universities that utilize the academic information system provided by the software developed by Company XYZ. Limited resources in universities contribute to the weak handling of vulnerabilities in academic information systems. The research aims to determine the vulnerability level of academic information systems developed by Company XYZ through penetration testing. The research employs a deductive approach to explore academic system vulnerabilities based on incidents related to system security issues at a university. The research utilizes a combination of two testing methods: Penetration Testing Execution Standard (PTES) and Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP), chosen for their reliability, ease of use, and support by penetration testing tools. Penetration testing follows the PTES, involving seven steps: pre-engagement interaction, information collection, threat modeling, vulnerability analysis, exploitation, postexploitation, and reporting. The threat focus in the research aligns with the top 10 of 2021 OWASP, ranking the ten most critical security risks. Results reveal eight critical security issues based on measurements using the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) method. There are two high-level vulnerabilities, five medium-level vulnerabilities, and one low-level vulnerability. Moreover, the three principal vulnerabilities are Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection, broken access control, and weak encryption. Universities can enhance data integrity by independently remediating vulnerabilities discovered in the research. Furthermore, universities are encouraged to raise awareness within the academic community regarding the security of academic data.

Efeitos das Diferenças na Política Contábil de Leasings entre o FASB e o IASB

Objective: This research investigates the effects of the 2019 US lease standards for US lessee companies, comparing with the potential effects of IFRS 16 to explore the economic reasons that would have led the FASB and the IASB to diverge from their joint lease standard project. Method: We hand-collected detailed data on leases for 500 US lessees firms’ 2019 financial statements to first analyze Topic 842’s effects on financial ratios and to simulate these effects had the FASB adopted the same earnings recognition criteria in IFRS 16. Next, we investigate the value relevance of these observed and simulated effects on the stock market. Results: Topic 842 generated significant variations in companies' financial indicators, but it was not possible to identify the value relevance of these variations due to model limitations. The IFRS 16 simulation shows a significant increase in EBIT and operating cash flows, but a drop in net income, which seems to have been incorporated into stock prices. This suggests the FASB’s decision to diverge from the IASB could include the desire to avoid lower earnings and their negative impacts on the stock market. Contributions: This research adds to the literature first by focusing on the US when most of the recent studies investigated the IFRS world and, second, by exploring economic reasons rather than the hierarchy of power between the FASB and the IASB. Finally, we add a novelty derived from the detailed manual work which allowed us to estimate the effects had the US firms been under IASB’s jurisdiction.

Security Analysis of the Symmetric Cryptosystem TinyJambu

Symmetric cryptography provides the best examples of cryptosystems to be applied in lightweight environments (e.g., IoT). A representative example is the cryptosystem TinyJambu, one of the ten finalists in the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Project. It is an authentication encryption with associated data scheme that is extremely lightweight and fast. In this work, we analyze the security of TinyJambu from two distinct and non-symmetric points of view: (1) the improvement of the best cryptanalytical attack found in the literature and (2) a randomness analysis of the generated sequences. Concerning item (1), we launched a differential forgery attack with probability 2−65.9487, which was improved considerably compared with previous numerical results. Concerning item (2), we analyzed the degree of randomness of the TinyJambu keystream sequences with a complete and powerful battery of statistical tests. This non-symmetric study shows the weakness of TinyJambu against cryptanalytic attacks as well as the strength of TinyJambu against statistical analysis.

The integration of urban fabric potential in the development of Mangiran Market to Fulfil the Indonesian traditional market standard project

The revitalisation of traditional market was prioritized by the Indonesian government to protect the unique socio-cultural space. This was achieved through a set of national standards designed to have a more organized and effective infrastructure to meet contemporary requirements. However, only a few have been able to comply with this high standard required. One of the distinct traditional markets without the capacity to fulfil the standards is Mangiran because of the limitations of the area. Therefore, this research investigated an alternative approach to integrate the urban fabric potential into the Mangiran market for the purpose of fulfilling the required standards. The approach was sued to review the national standard in order to have a new perspective and interpretation of traditional markets. The review was further assessed by collecting and analysing primary and secondary data using a qualitative method. The result showed that the integration of urban fabric into Mangiran market was advantageous in challenging the area limitation. This was achieved through the introduction of new types of customers to the market by diversifying the function using both tangible and intangible urban fabric potential.

An Examination of the Liye No. 8-461 ‘Wooden Tablet of Nomenclature Changes’ and Its Implications for the Traditional View of the First Emperor’s (259–210 BCE) ‘Unification of Script’

The Liye excavation, commenced in 2002, yielded a significant document: the No. 8-461 ‘wooden tablet of nomenclature changes’ (gengming fang 更名方) from the Qin unification era. With 54 entries outlining the nomenclature changes, it complicates the traditional view of the First Emperor’s ‘unification of Chinese script.’ This paper examines this earliest direct evidence pertaining to the writing standardisation project, focusing on terminology analysis and deciphering previously puzzling entries. This study also evaluates the effectiveness of the language reform by analysing character frequency in contemporaneous documents. It also contextualizes this artefact’s significance within the broader historical context of the newly established ruling order in the Qin Empire.

Developing a Project-Expectancy Inventory for the Construction Industry from the Owner’s Perspective

Although current research recognizes the importance of the Expectancy Theory in the construction industry, a standardized project expectancy (PE, hereafter) inventory is still an area for further exploration, especially from the owner’s perspective. This inventory is essential to identify the owner’s expectancy priorities and help select partners aligned with their long-term and sustainable project goals. Based on the Expectancy Theory, a PE inventory is proposed after conducting a comprehensive literature review. It incorporates dimensions like goal difficulty, perceived control, and self-efficacy. The reliability of the inventory is confirmed by analyzing data from 197 construction-project openers through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM, hereafter). The findings indicate that perceived control is the most crucial dimension in PE, followed by self-efficacy and goal difficulty. A tunneling construction megaproject in Southeast China is presented as a case study. It suggests that when selecting partners for construction projects, the project owner should prioritize those amenable to control, thereby enhancing teamwork and collaboration quality. This strategy emphasizes the importance of the owner’s command over project operation, rather than merely focusing on the partners’ capabilities.

BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC PROJECT MANAGEMENT ACROSS MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON SUCCESS FACTORS AND CHALLENGES

In today's highly competitive and dynamic business environment, multinational corporations (MNCs) face unique challenges in managing strategic projects across diverse geographical locations. This review explores the best practices in strategic project management from a global perspective, focusing on the critical success factors and challenges encountered by MNCs. Successful strategic project management in MNCs necessitates a comprehensive understanding of various factors, including cultural differences, regulatory requirements, and market dynamics across different regions. The review highlights the significance of effective communication, cultural sensitivity, and stakeholder engagement as fundamental success factors in managing projects within MNCs. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of aligning project goals with overall business objectives to ensure strategic relevance and value creation. Challenges faced by MNCs in strategic project management include coordination and integration issues arising from diverse organizational structures, conflicting priorities, and resource constraints. Furthermore, navigating through geopolitical uncertainties, legal complexities, and compliance requirements presents additional hurdles for MNCs operating across multiple jurisdictions. Drawing on insights from academic literature and industry practices, this review provides an overview of best practices adopted by successful MNCs to overcome these challenges and achieve project success. It discusses the significance of establishing standardized project management frameworks, leveraging technology for virtual collaboration, and fostering a culture of innovation and adaptability within the organization. this review underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach to strategic project management in MNCs, integrating people, processes, and technology to drive sustainable growth and competitive advantage in an increasingly globalized business landscape.&#x0D; Keywords: Project Management, Multinational Corporation, Global Perspective, Best Practices, Review.