Standardized Outcome Measures Research Articles

Comparing 3D imaging devices for the measurement of cutaneous neurofibromas in patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) are a major cause of disfigurement in patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). However, clinical trials investigating cNF treatments lack standardised outcome measures to objectively evaluate changes in cNF size and appearance. 3D imaging has been proposed as an objective standardised outcome measure however various systems exist with different features that affect useability in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy, precision, feasibility, reliability and accessibility of three imaging systems. We compared the Vectra-H1, LifeViz-Micro and Cherry-Imaging systems. A total of 58 cNFs from 13 participants with NF1 were selected for imaging and analysis. The primary endpoint was accuracy as measured by comparison of measurements between imaging systems. Secondary endpoints included reliability between two operators, precision as measured with the average coefficient of variation, feasibility as determined by time to capture and analyse an image and accessibility as determined by cost. There was no significant difference in accuracy between the three devices for length or surface area measurements (p>0.05), and reliability and precision were similar. Volume measurements demonstrated the most variability compared to other measurements; LifeViz-Micro demonstrated the least measurement variability for surface area and image capture and analysis were fastest with LifeViz-Micro. LifeViz-Micro was better for imaging smaller number of cNFs (1-3), Vectra-H1 better for larger areas and Cherry for uneven surfaces. All systems demonstrated excellent reliability but possess distinct advantages and limitations. Surface area is the most consistent and reliable parameter for measuring cNF size in clinical trials.

53162 Dermatologic disparities by high-risk zip codes revealed by Standard Dermatology Outcome Measures (SDOM)

53162 Dermatologic disparities by high-risk zip codes revealed by Standard Dermatology Outcome Measures (SDOM)

Feasibility of Using Standardized Outcome Measures in the Remote Assessment of Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Case Series

Introduction: With the increase of telerehabilitation utilization worldwide after the COVID-19 pandemic, a review of the current literature shows a concurrent increase in telerehabilitation studies focusing on interventions and delivery models. There is a gap in research on valid and reliable tests and measures that can be used in the physical therapy examination of people with stroke via telerehabilitation. Current reports on psychometric properties of most standardized outcome measures are only applicable in an in-person setting and may not be directly applicable in a remote setting where various challenges contribute to the reliability of results. This report describes the feasibility of administering selected standardized outcome measures in the remote assessment of three patients with chronic stroke with different contexts. Methods: Three patients with chronic stroke underwent physical therapy examination and intervention sessions via telerehabilitation with varying contexts. Results: Various factors affected the results of the assessment including patient and caregiver’s (if present) ability to follow instructions, availability of material and spatial resources, and stability of internet connection. Strategies to improve reliability of assessment results can also be employed such as performing repeat trials, reviewing recordings for accuracy and confirmation, using highly visible markers, and confirming measurement accuracy on video. Discussion: Physical therapy outcome measures that can feasibly be administered remotely are the Timed Up and Go Test, the 10-Meter Walk Test, the 6-Minute Walk Test, the 5-Times Sit to Stand Test, and the Stroke Impact Scale. The Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test could not be administered remotely as close to standard protocol as possible due to the difficulty of administering the reactive postural component with patient anxiety and safety considerations and materials required.

Different Uses of Conscious Sedation for Managing Dental Anxiety During Third-Molar Extraction: Clinical Evidence and State of the Art.

Dental anxiety, linked to avoiding dental treatment and heightened medical and surgical risks, prompted this systematic review. The objective is to synthesize existing evidence on conscious sedation techniques employed for managing dental anxiety in patients scheduled for third molar extraction surgery, aiming to identify optimal approaches and address knowledge gaps. This systematic review followed the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" checklist and the population, investigation, comparation, outcome framework. The protocol still needs to be registered. A thorough search was conducted, incorporating MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, clinicaltrials.gov, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews until February 2024. Only randomized controlled trials were considered, following "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" guidelines. The risk of bias was evaluated following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Eighteen randomized controlled trials involving 2081 patients were included. Certain factors limited the feasibility of a meaningful meta-analysis, leading to a narrative synthesis. Conscious sedation with virtual reality showed an association with improved dental anxiety in 4 studies. One study reported reduced cortisol levels with midazolam compared with a placebo, whereas another noted significant variations in perioperative renin levels with remifentanil versus placebo. This review reveals inconclusive and conflicting findings regarding the role of conscious sedation in managing dental anxiety during third molar extraction surgery. Persistent uncertainties arise due to a need for consistent, standardized outcome measures. Addressing these limitations in study design is crucial for future research.

Impact of oncology pharmacy services on the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. To evaluate the effect of oncology services rendered by clinical pharmacists on reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improving overall treatment experiences. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using studies retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). The incidence and severity of CINV were evaluated as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were patient adherence, patient satisfaction, quality of life (QoL), emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and costs. A total of 12 studies were selected for systematic review, with 8 studies eligible for meta-analysis. We found that clinical pharmacy services contributed to preventing and alleviating CINV as well as improving patient's medication adherence, treatment satisfaction, and QoL, reducing hospital visits, and achieving cost savings. In the meta-analysis, pharmacists' interventions were notably effective in reducing the incidence of nausea (odds ratio [OR], 1.917; 95% CI, 1.243-2.955; P = 0.003) and vomiting (OR, 2.491; 95% CI, 1.199-5.177; P = 0.014) during overall treatments periods relative to results in control groups. In addition, the impact of clinical pharmacy services on CINV control was greater during the delayed phase compared to the acute phase. This study demonstrated the important role of clinical pharmacy services in controlling CINV and enhancing the overall treatment experience for patients with cancer. Further studies with standardized pharmacists' services and outcome measures are needed to validate our findings.

Cleft lip re-repair: How does it affect the nasolabial appearance?

Cleft lip re-repair is a procedure frequently endorsed to enhance a compromised nasolabial appearance. However, the actual effect of such revision surgery on the nasolabial appearance has scarcely been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to critically review surgical outcomes of patients that underwent surgical re-do of their cleft lip, using well-validated objective and subjective methods and standardised outcome measures.20 patients with at least 6 months follow-up after cleft lip re-repair were assessed. Standardised pre- and postoperative photographs were analysed. The objective assessment was carried out using the SymNose-software. Furthermore, a subjective evaluation of the nasolabial area was conducted by ten examiners who rated seven parameters using a Likert-scale ranging from 1to5. The objective evaluation showed substantial improvement regarding symmetry values. Significant postoperative decrease in labial asymmetry from 26.42% (±8.13) to 18.77% (±6.28) (p < 0.001) and upper lip asymmetry in relation to the facial midline (26.91% (±8.03) vs. 18.27% (±5.17) (p < 0.001)) was observed. Similar results were corroborated in the subjective analysis. Differences regarding the ratings were detected considering the examiners’ professional background and level of expertise. Cleft re-repair was found to significantly improve upper lip symmetry and lead to a more harmonious nasolabial appearance.

Scoping review for the SAGES EAES joint collaborative on sustainability in surgical practice.

Surgical care in the operating room (OR) contributes one-third of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in healthcare. The European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) and the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) initiated a joint Task Force to promote sustainability within minimally invasive gastrointestinal surgery. A scoping review was conducted by searching MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase via Elsevier, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus on August 25th, 2023 to identify articles reporting on the impact of gastrointestinal surgical care on the environment. The objectives were to establish the terminology, outcome measures, and scope associated with sustainable surgical practice. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics. We screened 22,439 articles to identify 85 articles relevant to anesthesia, general surgical practice, and gastrointestinal surgery. There were 58/85 (68.2%) cohort studies and 12/85 (14.1%) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies. The most commonly measured outcomes were kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents (kg CO2eq), cost of resource consumption in US dollars or euros, surgical waste in kg, water consumption in liters, and energy consumption in kilowatt-hours. Surgical waste production and the use of anesthetic gases were among the largest contributors to the climate impact of surgical practice. Educational initiatives to educate surgical staff on the climate impact of surgery, recycling programs, and strategies to restrict the use of noxious anesthetic gases had the highest impact in reducing the carbon footprint of surgical care. Establishing green teams with multidisciplinary champions is an effective strategy to initiate a sustainability program in gastrointestinal surgery. This review establishes standard terminology and outcome measures used to define the environmental footprint of surgical practices. Impactful initiatives to achieve sustainability in surgical practice will require education and multidisciplinary collaborations among key stakeholders including surgeons, researchers, operating room staff, hospital managers, industry partners, and policymakers.

Emerging Indications for Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment: Registry Cohort Study.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment is used across a range of medical specialties for a variety of applications, particularly where hypoxia and inflammation are important contributors. Because of its hypoxia-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects HBO2 may be useful for new indications not currently approved by the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Identifying these new applications for HBO2 is difficult because individual centers may only treat a few cases and not track the outcomes consistently. The web-based International Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy captures prospective outcome data for patients treated with HBO2 therapy. These data can then be used to identify new potential applications for HBO2, which has relevance for a range of medical specialties. Although hyperbaric medicine has established indications, new ones continue to emerge. One objective of this registry study was to identify cases where HBO2 has been used for conditions falling outside of current Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society-approved indications and present outcome data for them. This descriptive study used data from a web-based, multicenter, international registry of patients treated with HBO2. Participating centers agree to collect data on all patients treated using standard outcome measures, and individual centers send deidentified data to the central registry. HBO2 treatment programs in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia participate. Demographic, outcome, complication, and treatment data, including pre- and posttreatment quality of life questionnaires (EQ-5D-5L) were collected for individuals referred for HBO2 treatment. Out of 9726 patient entries, 378 (3.89%) individuals were treated for 45 emerging indications. Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC; also known as postacute sequelae of COVID-19; 149/378, 39.4%), ulcerative colitis (47/378, 12.4%), and Crohn disease (40/378, 10.6%) accounted for 62.4% (n=236) of the total cases. Calciphylaxis (20/378, 5.3%), frostbite (18/378, 4.8%), and peripheral vascular disease-related wounds (12/378, 3.2%) accounted for a further 13.2% (n=50). Patients with PCC reported significant improvement on the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI score: pretreatment=30.6; posttreatment=14.4; P<.001). Patients with Crohn disease reported significantly improved quality of life (EQ-5D score: pretreatment=53.8; posttreatment=68.8), and 5 (13%) reported closing a fistula. Patients with ulcerative colitis and complete pre- and post-HBO2 data reported improved quality of life and lower scores on a bowel questionnaire examining frequency, blood, pain, and urgency. A subset of patients with calciphylaxis and arterial ulcers also reported improvement. HBO2 is being used for a wide range of possible applications across various medical specialties for its hypoxia-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects. Results show statistically significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes for inflammatory bowel disease and PCC. HBO2 is also being used for frostbite, pyoderma gangrenosum, pterygium, hypospadias repair, and facial filler procedures. Other indications show evidence for improvement, and the case series for all indications is growing in the registry. RR2-10.2196/18857.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Two Decades of Research.

Racial disparities in outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remain persistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to comprehensively synthesize data between 2000-2020. An electronic search of studies was performed on PubMed, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020. Random effects models were used to report unadjusted and adjusted estimates for a comprehensive list of care outcomes in TKA. 63 studies met PRISMA criteria. Black patients report greater odds of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.00-1.59 (p = 0.049); adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.09-1.64), in-hospital complications (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.27-1.35), 30-day complications (aOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.33), infection (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07-1.16; aOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.16-1.46), bleeding (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03-1.71; aOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.23-1.75), peripheral vascular events (PVE) (aOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.11-1.92), length of stay (LOS) (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.34), extended-LOS (aOR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.53-2.33), discharge disposition (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.29-1.96; aOR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.70-2.25), 30-day (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.13-1.27; aOR: 1.17 95% CI: 1.09-1.26) and 90-day (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17-1.82) readmission compared to White patients. Disparities in bleeding, extended-LOS, discharge disposition, PVE, and 30-day readmission were observed in Asian patients. Hispanic patients experienced disparities in extended LOS and discharge disposition, while Native-American patients had disparities in bleeding outcomes. Persistent racial disparities in TKA outcomes highlight a need for standardized outcome measures and comprehensive data collection across multiple racial groups to ensure greater healthy equity.

Effect of time of day on outcomes in elective surgery: asystematic review.

The timing of elective surgery could affect clinical outcome because of diurnal rhythms of patient physiology as well as surgical team performance. Waiting times for elective surgery are increasing in many countries, leading to increasing interest in undertaking elective surgery in the evening or at night. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the effect of the timing of elective (but not urgent or emergency) surgery on mortality, morbidity and other clinical outcomes. We searched databases for relevant studies combining the terms 'circadian rhythm' and 'anaesthesia/surgery'. Additional relevant articles were found by hand-searching the references. All studies were screened for bias. Included studies examined daytime vs. evening/night-time surgery, morning vs. afternoon surgery, multiple timeslots or used time as a continuous variable. Nineteen retrospective cohort studies, one prospective cohort study and one randomised controlled trial were included (n = 798,914). Evening/night-time elective surgery was associated with a higher risk of mortality when compared with daytime procedures in three studies (n = 611,230), with odds ratios (95%CI) for mortality ranging from 1.35 (1.16-1.56) to 3.98 (1.54-10.30), while no differences were found in three other studies (n = 142,355). No differences were found for morning vs. afternoon surgery (four studies, n = 3277). However, most studies had a low quality of evidence due to their retrospective nature and because not all studies corrected for patient characteristics. Moreover, the studies were heterogeneous in terms of the reported time slots and clinical outcomes. We found that evening/night-time elective surgery is associated with a higher risk of mortality compared with daytime surgery. However, the quality of evidence was graded as low, and thus, future prospective research should publish individual patient data and standardise outcome measures to allow firm conclusions and facilitate interventions.

Using Diet to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.

To review the efficacy of various dietary interventions for induction of clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and provide healthcare providers with a practical reference for recommending suitable diets for managing patients with IBD. PubMed, Medline(R), and Cochrane were searched from inception up to February 17, 2023 to identify all studies reporting information on using diet to treat IBD. Studies investigating the role of dietary interventions on adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of active IBD for improvement or remission of IBD symptoms were rigorously considered. Sample meal plans, with a list of included and excluded foods, were also generated in order to provide clinicians with practical tools for advising patients on dietary intake. Eleven included studies provided data on 10 distinct diets: autoimmune protocol diet, high fiber diet, 4-SURE diet, highly restricted diet, McMaster elimination diet for Crohn's disease, specific carbohydrate diet, Mediterranean diet, Crohn's disease exclusion diet, individualized elimination diet, and the food-specific IgG4-guided exclusion diet. A total of 9 studies provided data on clinical remission. Many of these diets share common elements, such as an initial elimination phase with subsequent reintroduction of dietary components, inclusion of whole foods, and exclusion of highly or ultra-processed foods. Currently, there is limited evidence to support the use of specific diets to treat adult patients with mildly to moderately active IBD. Larger, randomized studies with standardized methodologies and outcome measures, rigorous adherence assessment, and an emphasis on endoscopic assessment outcome measures are required to validate most diets that have been studied for IBD. The included sample diet plans and dietary recommendations may prove helpful in the interim as part of a holistic strategy to manage patients with IBD.

New developments in the application of artificial intelligence to laryngology.

The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature on artificial intelligence technology utilization in laryngology, highlighting recent advances and current barriers to implementation. The volume of publications studying applications of artificial intelligence in laryngology has rapidly increased, demonstrating a strong interest in utilizing this technology. Vocal biomarkers for disease screening, deep learning analysis of videolaryngoscopy for lesion identification, and auto-segmentation of videofluoroscopy for detection of aspiration are a few of the new ways in which artificial intelligence is poised to transform clinical care in laryngology. Increasing collaboration is ongoing to establish guidelines and standards for the field to ensure generalizability. Artificial intelligence tools have the potential to greatly advance laryngology care by creating novel screening methods, improving how data-heavy diagnostics of laryngology are analyzed, and standardizing outcome measures. However, physician and patient trust in artificial intelligence must improve for the technology to be successfully implemented. Additionally, most existing studies lack large and diverse datasets, external validation, and consistent ground-truth references necessary to produce generalizable results. Collaborative, large-scale studies will fuel technological innovation and bring artificial intelligence to the forefront of patient care in laryngology.

Supporting staff wellbeing in healthcare settings through multi-levelled creative psychological intervention – a feasibility study

ABSTRACT Background There is growing evidence that the arts and arts-based therapies can support the wellbeing of healthcare workers. However, there are few large trials, limiting the use of such therapies in routine practice. Aim To establish the feasibility of introducing a multi-levelled, evidence-based creative psychological intervention delivered by qualified arts psychotherapists and targeting the wellbeing of NHS clinical staff. Methods This is a feasibility study with pre/post mixed methods design, the first to explore the value of an evidence-based, multi-levelled creative psychological package targeting the diverse needs of clinical staff within different healthcare settings. The intervention wasadapted from a 12-session group therapy titled Arts for the Blues into a three-level package that included: (i) one-off drop-in sessions to release tension, (ii) workshops for staff development, (iii) group sessions for psychological support. It was delivered by qualified arts psychotherapists (i.e., art, drama and dance movement psychotherapists) and used brief evaluation forms, arts-based data and standardised outcome measures to establish acceptability. Results Findings indicate difficulties with recruitment, but the 49 participants placed high value on the different levels offered. All the outcome measures used identified positive change and indicated medium to large effects of the multi-levelled intervention on improvement of wellbeing and resilience, as well as reduction of distress, anxiety, depression and trauma. Conclusions Although the small sample does not allow the generalisation of results, the study suggests that this multi-levelled creative psychological intervention offers acceptable support. Implications for practice/policy/research Further research is needed to establish the effectiveness of this intervention with specific teams of professionals. However, the diverse options proposed in this intervention need to be considered further for routine practice, expanding on current job descriptions for art psychotherapists. Plain-language summary Pressures on healthcare services mean that healthcare workers need support for their wellbeing. It is possible that the arts and arts therapies can offer this support, but we need to conduct more research to be certain. In this study we wanted to see if clinical staff working in health services liked a new creative intervention we developed based on our review of the research literature. We modified this intervention from the Arts for the Blues model, a 12-session group therapy that uses a mixture of different artistic forms. We used this new model to support the wellbeing of clinical staff in a large hospital in the North West of England. We did this in three different ways: Creative activities for the whole organisation to release tension (up to 30 min) Creative psychoeducational workshops with teams for staff development (up to 4 h) Creative psychotherapy sessions with individuals in a group for psychological support (up to 18 h). Arts psychotherapists, including art psychotherapists, designed the content of this work and facilitated their delivery. We collected information from 49 clinical staff before and after each of these activities through questionnaires and a brief evaluation form. Although clinical staff were very busy, they liked the different options of the intervention and their wellbeing scores improved. We need to do further research with a larger number of participants. However, the findings so far show that art psychotherapists can work not only with patients, but also with other healthcare workers to improve their wellbeing.

Comparative evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy versus standard treatment in temporomandibular disorders: Asystematic review.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint and associated structures. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has emerged as a potential intervention for TMDs, but its comparative effectiveness against standard treatments remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of CBT versus standard treatment interventions in managing TMDs. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases using MeSH keywords and Boolean operators. Inclusion criteria encompassed clinical trials comparing CBT/CBT in combination with standard treatment interventions or a control group in individuals with TMDs. The primary outcome measured was pain. Secondary outcomes such as disability, depression and jaw function were also looked into. Two reviewers independently assessed for the eligibility of the articles and conducted data extraction. Quality assessments were performed using RoB 2.0 for randomised clinical trials. The initial search identified 623 articles, of which a total of eight clinical studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Seven out of eight studies demonstrated improvements in outcomes related to TMD. Pain was significantly decreased in studies that showed a positive outcome. Jaw function, quality of life and psychological well-being were superior among individuals receiving CBT alone or in combination with conventional modalities, as well as hypnotic therapy coupled with CBT-based interventions. The quality of studies assessed showed all articles to be of good quality as per RoB-2 evaluation. This systematic review highlights the potential benefits of CBT in managing TMDs, suggesting its effectiveness in improving pain outcomes and enhancing overall well-being. The findings indicate that CBT may be a valuable adjunct or alternative to standard treatment interventions for individuals with TMDs. However, further research with larger sample sizes and standardised outcome measures is warranted to establish definitive conclusions regarding the comparative efficacy of CBT versus standard treatments in TMD management.

Facial nerve reconstruction for flaccid facial paralysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To determine the functional outcome after facial nerve reconstruction surgery in patients with flaccid facial paralysis. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on studies reporting outcomes after direct facial nerve suture (DFS), facial nerve interpositional graft suture (FIGS), hypoglossal-facial nerve suture (HFS), masseteric-facial nerve suture (MFS), and cross-face nerve suture (CFS). These studies were identified from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Two independent reviewers performed two-stage screening and data extraction. A favorable result was defined as a final House-Brackmann grade I-III and is presented as a ratio of all patients in percentage. Pooled proportions were calculated using random-effects models. From 4,932 screened records, 54 studies with 1,358 patients were included. A favorable result was achieved after DFS in 42.67% of the patients [confidence interval (CI): 26.05%-61.12%], after FIGS in 66.43% (CI: 55.99%-75.47%), after HFS in 63.89% (95% CI: 54.83%-72.05%), after MFS in 63.11% (CI: 38.53%-82.37%), and after CFS in 46.67% (CI: 24.09%-70.70%). There was no statistically significant difference between the techniques (Q = 6.56, degrees of freedom = 4, p = 0.1611). The established facial nerve reconstruction techniques including the single nerve cross-transfer techniques produce satisfactory results in most of the patients with permanent flaccid facial paralysis. An international consensus on standardized outcome measures would improve the comparability of facial reanimation techniques.

Exploring Outcomes and Mediating Factors Following Supercharged End-to-Side Anterior Interosseous Nerve to Ulnar Nerve Transfer: A Scoping Review With Expert Insight

This scoping review with expert insight aims to map outcome measures following supercharged end-to-side anterior interosseous nerve to ulnar nerve transfer procedures, integrating clinical, patient-reported, and electrodiagnostic measures. It also explores surgical rationale and recovery trajectories, aiming to standardize methodologies and enhance patient care in nerve transfer surgeries. Our search encompassed multiple online databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar, ensuring rigor and comprehensiveness in identifying relevant literature. Through scrutiny of 17 studies involving 300 patients from 300 articles, along with expert consultations on supercharged end-to-side nerve transfer for ulnar nerve entrapment, promising outcomes emerge, particularly in cubital tunnel syndrome. Primary measures such as Medical Research Council scale assessments and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores demonstrate notable postsurgery improvements, with minor complications noted. Factors influencing recovery include preoperative dysfunction duration and surgical technique. Surgery indications prioritize high ulnar nerve injuries and severe cubital tunnel syndrome. The review highlights the importance of standardized outcome measures, early intervention, and comprehensive rehabilitation for optimizing supercharged end-to-side anterior interosseous nerve to ulnar nerve transfer outcomes. Therapeutic IIIa.

Cross-condition risk and protective factors for psychosocial distress in parents and carers of children and young people with appearance-affecting conditions and injuries

Alongside typical parenting challenges, initial condition-specific research suggests thadifferent experiences and support needs.t parents of children with different visible differences may experience similar psychosocial difficulties. Despite this, large-scale cross-condition research to identify risk and protective factors for parental distress and psychosocial adjustment has been lacking. Two hundred and nine parents and carers of children with a range of visible differences completed an online survey comprised of standardised outcome measures, study-specific measures, and open-ended questions. Multiple regression modelling identified possible risk and protective factors, and data collected via open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis. Findings support themes previously identified in small-scale cross-condition qualitative research with parents of children with visible differences. Risk factors for parental negative affect and stress included parental reports of the noticeability of their child’s visible difference and teasing. Protective factors included good parent-child communication, self-compassion, knowledge of their child’s condition and satisfaction with treatment. The risk and protective factors identified provide important insight into the experiences of this parent population and indicate possible avenues for psychosocial intervention.

Connecting Practice to Data: Implementation Strategies to Increase Collection of Core Outcome Measures in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility.

To describe a quality improvement project aimed at increasing collection of a "Core Set" of functional outcome measures in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), characterize implementation strategies used across 4 study phases, and evaluate program adoption and maintenance. A 30-bed brain injury unit of a 132-bed IRF. Participants included physical therapists (5 full-time, 2 part-time, and 30 hourly as needed) and 764 individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who received care during the project period. In this descriptive observational study, we operationalize implementation strategies selected for 4 project phases: Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment. We define each implementation strategy using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change and report on program adoption and maintenance. Adoption (proportion of TBI-related admissions with completed outcome measures) and maintenance (adoption over 4years). Preparation phase strategies focused on local adaptations, education, environmental preparation, and collaboration with informatics. Implementation phase strategies included reminders, feedback, champions, and iterative adjustments. Sustainment strategies focused on integration into standard practice. Adoption increased postinitiation for all measures except one. Despite improvements, a notable portion of measures remained incomplete. Increases in outcome measure collection were maintained for 2 to 4years, but a significant decline in paired admission and discharge scores suggests a reduced ability to monitor change over time. This study provides an example of a clinically driven quality improvement project and selected implementation strategies used to increase the collection of standard outcome measures in IRF. By leveraging the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change framework, we aim to enhance comparability with similar efforts elsewhere. The results demonstrate the program's successes and challenges, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary clinical and research collaboration to support the translation of knowledge between research and clinical practice and inform meaningful improvements in care across TBI rehabilitation.

416 The Impact of Pancreas Transplantation on Secondary Diabetic Complications: A Systematic Review

Abstract Aim Pancreas transplantation (PT) provides diabetic cure for patients with complicated Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). We aimed to examine the impact of PT on secondary diabetic complications, including retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Method A database search using MedLINE for publications up to April 2023 was conducted employing MeSH terms ‘Pancreas Transplantation’ AND ‘Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1’ AND ‘Diabetic Retinopathy’ OR ‘Heart Disease’ OR ‘Cardiovascular Diseases’ OR ‘Peripheral Vascular Disease’ OR “Amputation’ OR ‘Neuropathy.” Results 223 articles were screened, with 172 excluded as per study design (total included 51). 64.7% (n=33) of studies were retrospective case control studies, 35.3% (n=18) of studies were retrospective cohort studies. A total of 5616 patients with a mean of 99.1 (SD± 262.4) simultaneous kidney transplant (SPK) patients and 48.2 (SD± 262.4) pancreas transplant alone (PTA) patients per article were studied. All articles examining diabetic retinopathy concluded that retinopathy improved or stabilized. 69% (n=11) of papers demonstrated no significant change to visual acuity. An equal number of articles (n=4) demonstrated increased peripheral nerve conduction velocity after SPK and PTA. 40% (n=2) of articles examining vibration perception studies demonstrated an increase post-transplantation. Improvements in cardiac events incidence, metabolic factors, and heart structure were seen in 79% (n=15) of cardiovascular articles. Conclusions Despite significant heterogeneity in outcome measures observed, PT provides benefits in mitigating the complication profile of T1DM. Standardised outcome measurement should be adopted to allow assessment of the impact of beta-cell replacement with the potential for objective evidence reversibility of secondary complications.

A Comparative Study on Aesthetic and Pain Outcomes in Flap Versus Implant Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Surgical treatments, including mastectomy and subsequent breast reconstruction, are critical components of breast cancer management. This systematic review compares the outcomes of flap versus implant reconstruction post-mastectomy, focusing on aesthetic differences, pain, recovery, and psychological adaptation. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases. Inclusion criteria targeted studies comparing aesthetic outcomes, pain, recovery costs, duration, and psychological adaptation between flap and implant breast reconstructions. We excluded non-English and non-Spanish studies, case reports, and those without full-text availability. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). From an initial pool of 25,881 articles, 16 high-quality studies involving 14,196 participants were selected for synthesis. Flap reconstruction was associated with higher patient satisfaction regarding aesthetic outcomes and psychological well-being but also had higher complication rates, including infections and wound dehiscence. Implant reconstruction showed fewer complications but did not achieve the same level of patient satisfaction. Flap reconstruction, despite its higher complication rates, tends to provide superior aesthetic and psychological outcomes compared to implant reconstruction. These findings highlight the importance of personalized treatment plans considering individual patient needs and preferences. Future research should focus on long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and standardized outcome measures to further delineate the comparative effectiveness of these reconstruction techniques. Personalized care and ongoing research are essential to improving the quality of life for breast cancer survivors undergoing reconstruction.