Standard Free Energy Of Micellization Research Articles

Effect of percentage of methanol on micellization position of mixed surfactant interaction in the absence and presence of dye

The interaction behavior of mixed surfactant-dye systems, i.e., anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic surfactant cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), and dye methyl orange (MO) was investigated through the allocation of micelles using conductivity measurements. Conductivity as a function of surfactant concentration was monitored to calculate the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The conductivity increased sharply as the surfactant content increased, according to the results. Moreover, the conductivity rises with temperature, whereas it falls with increased methanol (CH3OH). CH3OH-H2O mixed solvent media containing 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of CH3OH at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K to work out the basic micelle fixation, gives significant understanding to the arrangement of the mixed surfactants. The CMC and degree of micellar dissociation (α) of SDS with CPC increase in the CH3OH and H2O mixture. The CMC and α values are increased by increasing the temperature. Various thermodynamic parameters, i.e. Standard free energy of micellization (ΔGmo), Standard enthalpy of micellization (ΔHmo), and Standard entropy of micellization (ΔSmo) were computed in SDS-CPC without MO. ΔGmo values for SDS-CPC in the presence of MO results in micellization more probable with MO.

SURFACE PROPERTIES AND MICELLIZATION OF SODIUM ALKYLSULPHATES IN THE PRESENCE OF LOW-MOLECULAR ALCOHOLS

The process of micellization of sodium alkyl sulfates (SAS : sodium decyl- (SDS) and dodecylsulfate (SDDS)) of formation in aqueous solution without or with alcohols including propanol-1, propanol-2 and butanol-1 and their adsorption behavior at air-liquid interface were investigated with both the tensiometry and the conductometry at 298 K. The effect of chain length of alcohol on micellar and interfacial properties were discussed. Some parameters including surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum area per surfactant molecule (Smin) at air-liquid interface, degree of ionization of micelle, and standard free energy of adsorption and micellization, etc. are estimated. It was experimentally established that the introduction of 0.5-1.0 mol/dm3 of alcohols into surfactant solutions contributes to the process of micellar formation of SAS and increases the stability of the micellar phase, as evidenced by the observed synergistic effect on the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The addition of different alcohols changes the values of Γmax, Smin, CMC of SDS and SDDS and induces an increase in degree of ionization (β) of micelle relative to that in pure water. When alcohols are introduced into SDS and SDDS solutions, the degree of ionization of micelles at a constant length of the alkyl radical of surfactant moderately increases with increasing alcohol content in the solution and ranges from 0.50-0.73 and 0.38-0.75, respectively. Also, the effect of alcohol was discussed. The obtained thermodynamic parameters were used to confirm these behaviors of interfacial adsorption or micellization. An increase in chain length of alcohol promotes the micellization process. The CMC values decrease with increasing length of the alkyl radical of alcohols. Propanol-1, compared to propanol-2, somewhat reduces the value of SDS and SDDS CMC to a greater extent. Standard free energy of micellization ∆G0mic, also confirms the micellization behavior. Standard free energy of adsorption (∆G0адс) indicates that an increase in the chain length of alcohol in aqueous solution is favorable to the adsorption of SDS and SDDS at air-liquid interface. A comparison of the values of the standard free energy of adsorption and micelle formation in sodium alkyl sulfates – alcohols – water systems showed that adsorption is the most thermodynamically advantageous process in the studies systems, and the packing of surfactant “molecules” in micelles is less dense, compared to packing in a mixed adsorption layer.

Thermodynamic Insights of the Molecular Interactions of Dopamine (Neurotransmitter) with Anionic Surfactant in Non-Aqueous Media.

This study was aimed at establishing the interactions prevailing in an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and dopamine hydrochloride in an alcoholic (ethanol) media by using volumetric, conductometric, and tensiometric techniques. Various methods were utilized to estimate the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values at different temperatures. The entire methods yielded the same cmc values. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters viz. the standard free energy of micellization (Gmico), enthalpy of micellization (Hmico), and entropy of micellization (Smico) were predicted by applying the pseudo-phase separation model. The experimental density data at different temperatures (298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K) were utilized to estimate the apparent molar volumes (Vϕo) at an infinite dilution, apparent molar volumes (Vφcmc) at the critical micelle concentration, and apparent molar volumes (ΔVφm) upon micellization. Various micellar and interfacial parameters, for example, the surface excess concentration (Γmax), standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption at the interface (ΔGoad), and the minimum surface area per molecule (Amin), were appraised using the surface tension data. The results were used to interpret the intermolecular interactions prevailing in the mixed systems under the specified experimental conditions.

Phase behavior, micellization and rheology of erucic acid-based ionic liquid surfactant in deep eutectic solvents

Fatty acid-based ionic liquid surfactants have attracted significant attention due to their environmental friendliness, showing significant potential in some specific applications (e.g., personal & house care products). Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a kind of new green and promising solvent. However, the self-assembly of ultra-long-chain fatty acid-based ionic liquid surfactants in DES has rarely been reported to date. In this paper, erucic choline (ErCho), as a representative of ultra-long-chain ionic liquid surfactants, was synthesized and characterized, and then its micellization behavior in three different DES (ChGly, ChEG, and ChPh, which were obtained by mixing glycerol, ethylene glycol, phenol, and choline chloride in a 2:1 M ratio) was investigated. ErCho can self-assemble into micelles in DES, as well as in water, but a relatively larger critical micelle concentration (cmc) was obtained in DES due to a small hydrophobic association. The hydrophobic association of ErCho in ChGly was the smallest, and the standard free energy of micellization per mole of monomer unit was the largest (-37.67 kJ·mol−1). However, at high shear rates, typical shear-thinning was observed in the ChGly solution of ErCho, showing pseudoplastic fluids behavior, which was not found in ChEG, ChPh, and H2O. This reflects the presence of large aggregates, and cryo-TEM observation confirmed the formation of wormlike micelles in the ChGly solution of ErCho with a small flow activation energy (∼43 kJ·mol−1). In addition, ErCho in ChGly solution can further evolve into a hexagonal phase, and then to lamellar crystalline phases upon increasing concentration.

Interaction between oxidised state of quercetin and bovine serum albumin in presence of surfactant aggregates with different charges

The present investigation focuses on the role of surfactant and its charge on the interaction of flavonoid Quercetin (QCT) and Bovine serum albumin (BSA). QCT is known to undergo autoxidation in many chemical environments which has different characteristics compared to its non-oxidised structure. In this experiment, two ionic surfactants used. They are anionic surfactant, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Cationic surfactants Cetyl pyridinium bromide (CPB). The characterizations employed are conductivity, FT-IR, UV–visible spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurements. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) as well as the counter-ion binding constant (β) have been calculated by making use of specific conductance values, in aqueous medium at 300 K. Various thermodynamic parameters, ΔG0 m, standard free energy of micellization, ΔH0 m, standard enthalpy of micellization and ΔS0 m, standard entropy of micellization are calculated. The negative value of ΔG0 m in all systems is indicative of spontaneous binding occurring in both QCT + BSA + SDS (−23.35 kJ mol−1) and QCT + BSA + CPB (−27.18 kJ mol−1). The higher negative value infers the latter is a more stable system with greater spontaneity. The UV-visible spectroscopy study points at stronger binding of QCT and BSA in presence of surfactants and also there is stronger binding of CPB in ternary mixture with higher binding constant compared to SDS ternary mixture. Which is evident from the binding constant calculated from Benesi-Hildebrand plot (QCT + BSA + SDS, 244.46 M−1; QCT + BSA + CPB, 336.53 M−1). Further, the structural alterations occurring in the above systems has been observed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The DLS and Zeta potential measurements also support the above finding. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Aggregation and adsorption behavior of cobalt‐based metallosurfactant in water–ethylene glycol media forming worm‐like micelles

AbstractThe cobalt based metallosurfactant cis‐chlorobis(ethylenediamine)hexadecylaminecobalt(III) chloride (CHCC) has been prepared and well characterized by utilizing elemental analysis, NMR (1H, 13C), FT‐IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The CHCC metallosurfactant shows thermal stability up to 168°C. The micellization behavior of the synthesized CHCC metallosurfactant has been investigated systematically by the tensiometric, conductometric, and fluorescence techniques. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of CHCC have been determined in various water–ethylene glycol mixtures ranging from 0 to 100 weight % of ethylene glycol at 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15 K. The physicochemical parameters namely counterion binding constant, surface pressure, surface excess, surface area covered per CHCC metallosurfactant molecule, free energy minimum, standard free energies of micellization and adsorption, standard enthalpy and entropy of micellization, and Gibb's free energy of transfer have been calculated. The hydrodynamic diameters and zeta potentials of the CHCC metallomicelles have been measured by dynamic light scattering method. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to confirm the presence of worm‐like micelles.

The physicochemical properties and contact angle of sodium dodecyl sulfate in water–acetone with and without sodium nitrate (NaNO3)

Conductivity measurements at room temperature were performed to study the physicochemical behavior of anionic surfactant SDS in water and acetone–water mixture in the presence and absence of NaNO3.The concentration of SDS was 0.05 M and the concentration of NaNO3 was 0.01 M and 0.05 M. We calculated the degree of dissociation (α) and critical micelle concentration (CMC) from the pre-micellar (S1) and post-micellar slopes (S2). When acetone is added to SDS, CMC and α increase, but decreased with an increase in NaNO3.The standard free energy of micellization (ΔGm°) was evaluated using CMC and α. Micellization becomes less likely when the acetone content is higher as the negative values of ΔGm° decrease, indicating less spontaneous micellization. Due to the electrostatic repulsion of the head groups, adding salt NaNO3 decreases the CMC of SDS. A drop shape analyzer (DSA-25E) was used to measure the contact angles (CAs). For SDS, acetone and NaNO3 molecules mixed at varying concentrations, simulations were conducted.

Micellization of sodium dodecyl sulphate in the presence and absence of potassium sulphate and nickel sulphate

The effect of addition of salts on the micellization of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in aqueous medium has been studied by conductance measurement at 298.15 K. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) as well as thermodynamic properties was evaluated. From the premicellar and postmicellar slopes, the degree of dissociation (α) of SDS was also calculated. On adding the salts, CMC decreased whereas degree of dissociation increased. Employing these CMC and α values, the standard free energy of micellization was also evaluated. The negative values of was decreased when K2SO4 was added but increased when NiSO4 was added. BIBECHANA 19(2022)195-200

An Investigation on Drug Binding Ability of Cationic Surfactant CTAB

Taking in consideration the application of surfactants in drug delivery, the interactions of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with drug Betaine Hydrochloride have been scrutinized. The micellization behaviour of surfactant is investigated at three different temperatures (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15)K in presence of various concentrations (0.10, 0.25, and 0.50) mmolkg-1 of drug Betaine hydrochloride via conductivity measurements The critical micelle concentration (CMC) attained though conductometric measurements has been utilized to obtain different thermodynamic parameters of micellization i.e. standard free energy of micellization (ΔG0 m), standard enthalpy of micellization (ΔH0 m), and standard entropy of micellization (ΔS0 m).

Influence of solvent permittivity and divalent salt on micellization behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate: Conductivity measurements and simulation study

Precise conductivity measurements of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions with and without manganese sulfate in water and ethanol–water mixture containing (10, 20 and 30) volume % ethanol is carried out at 298.15 K. The conductance decreased on the addition of ethanol with and without salt. From the pre-micellar and post-micellar slopes, the degree of dissociation (α) of SDS was calculated. On increasing the ethanol content, the α and critical micelle concentration (CMC) increased whereas they decreased with the addition of salt. Utilizing these CMC and α values, the standard free energy of micellization (ΔGm°) was assessed. The negative values of ΔGm° decreased when ethanol whereas increased with salt were added. Micellization of SDS was tested for several solvent parameters and solvophobic parameter. The free energy of surfactant tail transfer (ΔGtrans°) was also evaluated. Conductivity data were also estimated with molecular dynamics simulations from GROMACS-5 software and the results showed good agreement with the experimental values.

Alterations induced in the micellization behavior of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in the presence of imidazolium-based surface-active ionic liquids in aqueous medium

The present work describes the effect of 1-nonyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C9mim][Br] and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C12mim][Br] on aggregation behavior of anionic surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (NaAOT) in aqueous medium by employing different techniques such as conductivity measurement, UV–Visible spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. The conductivity data of anionic surfactant in the aqueous solution of surface-active ionic liquids is taken experimentally in the temperature range from 293.15 to 308.15 K with the interval of 5 K at various concentrations that is, (0.04, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16) wt.% of both the SAILs. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of NaAOT is detected to alter in the presence of both the SAILs. Temperature dependence of CMC obtained from conductivity measurements is utilized to evaluate various thermodynamic parameters of micellization such as, standard free energy of micellization (), standard enthalpy of micellization (), and standard entropy of micellization (). The UV–Visible spectroscopic study is utilized to confirm CMC values obtained from conductivity measurements, which are found to be in good agreement. FT-IR Spectra are recorded to analyze the structural changes that prevailed in both systems.

Influence of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate on the self-assembly of AOT based surface-active ionic liquids having different pharmacologically active cations in the aqueous medium

The aggregation behavior of three AOT based ionic liquids have been investigated in aqueous medium in the presence of different concentrations i.e. (0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16) mM of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (NaAOT) at different temperatures (298.15, 308.15, 318.15) K. The AOT based ionic liquids have been successfully synthesized by replacing the cation of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (NaAOT) with various pharmacologically active cations such as cholinium [Cho]+, tetraethylammonium [TEA]+, and tetrabutylammonium [TBA]+. The conductivity and surface tension measurements have been employed to understand their aggregation behavior by evaluating various thermodynamic and surface-active parameters such as standard free energy of micellization (ΔGm0), standard enthalpy of micellization (ΔHm0), standard entropy of micellization (ΔSm0), surface pressure at cmc(á́¨cmc), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), the minimum area of surfactant monomer at the air/water interface (Amin), the standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔGad0) and the free energy of a surface at equilibrium (Gmins).

Thermodynamic analysis of micelles formation of anionic surfactant SDS in the presence of aqueous and aqueous solution of ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride

AbstractIn this study, the experimental conductivity, fluorescence, and UV spectroscopy study have been done for aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and in aqueous ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim][Cl] solutions at a temperature of 298.15 K. Experimental conductivity measurement has been done at different temperatures from 298.15 to 308.15 K. Moreover, the critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the mentioned systems were determined by different methods; furthermore, the CMC values have been utilized to originate the values of thermodynamical parameters of micellization like standard enthalpy of micellization ( ), the standard free energy of micellization ( ), and standard entropy of micellization ( ). Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectra have been recorded to investigate the interactions and structural changes that occurred in the mixed system. Work has been discussed in terms of the effect of the aqueous IL solution on the micellization process of the SDS.

Thermodynamic Properties of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Ethanol-Water Media With/without the Presence of the Divalent Salt.

The physicochemical properties of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in pure water and ethanol-water mixtures in the presence and absence of MnSO4.6H2O were studied by measuring the conductivity at room temperature. The concentration range of CTAB was ~1.00 × 10-5 M to ~1.00 × 10-2M and the concentration of MnSO4.6H2O was 0.001 M, 0.005 M, 0.01 M. With increasing ethanol content in the solvent composition, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the degree of micellar dissociation (α) of CTAB increased. With the help of CMC and α, the standard free energy of micellization (ΔG m ο ) was evaluated. With an increase in ethanol content, the negative values of ΔG m ο decreased. CTAB micellization was tested in the context of specific solvent parameters. The solvent conductivity ratio at CMC to limiting conductivity was employed as a solvophobic influence. The addition of salt (MnSO4.6H2O) decreases the CMC of CTAB due to the screening of the electrostatic repulsion of the head groups. Here, we report that micellization is strongly influenced by salt concentration.

Conductivity Study of DTAB in Water and Ethanol-Water Mixture in the Presence and Absence of ZnSO4

The physicochemical behaviour of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in water and ethanol-water mixture in the presence and absence of ZnSO4 were studied by measuring the conductivity at 298.15 K. The pre-micellar (S1) and post-micellar slopes (S2) were obtained and calculated the degree of dissociation (α) and the critical micelle concentration (cmc). With an increase in ethanol content, the cmc and α of DTAB increased whereas, in the presence of ZnSO4, the cmc and α decreased. By using cmc and α, thermodynamic properties as the standard free energy of micellization ( ) were evaluated. With an increase in ethanol content, the negative values of are decreased indicating less spontaneous in the micellization which makes micellization less favourable. The correlation of the pre-micellar and post-micellar slopes with the volume fraction of ethanol were discussed. DTAB micellization was tested in contexts of specific solvent parameters and solvophobic parameter.

Investigations on the micellization behavior and thermodynamic characteristics of synthesized surface active ionic liquids [C14mim] [Br] and [C15mim] [Br] in the presence of oral antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride

The present examination focuses on understanding the micellization behavior of surface active ionic liquids 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C14mim] [Br] and 1-pentadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C15mim] [Br] in presence of antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride by employing conductivity measurements and IR spectroscopy. The CMC value and value of counter ion dissociation (α) has been calculated by utilizing conductivity measurements. The dependency of CMC value evaluated from conductivity measurements in aqueous medium and presence of different weight percentage (0.03, 0.05 & 0.07) of drug metformin hydrochloride in aqueous medium and at different temperatures (298.15, 308.15 & 318.15) has been employed to calculate various thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy of micellization (ΔGm0), standard enthalpy of micellization (ΔHm0), and standard entropy of micellization (ΔSm0). There is a significant increase in CMC value with the rise in temperature signifying delay in micellization process with increasing temperature. Further, the structural alterations prevailing in the selected system (ionic liquid-drug) has been determined by FT-IR Spectroscopy.

Investigation of surface adsorption and thermodynamic properties of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide in the absence and presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide in aqueous medium

The aggregation behavior of imidazolium-based long-chain ionic liquid 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C14mim][Br] has been investigated in the absence and presence of (1, 2, and 5) mM tetrabutylammonium bromide (C4H9)4NBr at three temperatures (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface parameters such as maximum surface excess concentration (), the minimum area surfactant monomer at the air/water interface (), surface tension at CMC () and surface pressure () are determined by employing conductivity and surface tension measurements. Various thermodynamic parameters of micellization such as standard free energy of micellization (), standard enthalpy of micellization (), and standard entropy of micellization () are calculated by utilizing the temperature dependence of CMC observed using conductivity study. Other thermodynamic parameters such as free energy of adsorption (Δ) and surface free energy () are also evaluated. Refractive index measurements and UV–vis spectroscopic studies have been utilized to confirm the values of CMC obtained via conductivity and surface tension measurements. FTIR spectroscopic studies signify the various interactions prevailing in the system constituting long-chain ionic liquid and electrolyte.

Study of conductivity, contact angle and surface free energy of anionic (SDS, AOT) and cationic (CTAB) surfactants in water and isopropanol mixture

The thermodynamic properties of cationic surfactant CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), anionic surfactant SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), and AOT (Aerosol OT) in pure water and 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 volume fraction of isopropanol were observed by measuring the conductivity at 298.15 K. Various physicochemical properties like CMC, α and the thermodynamic properties like standard free energy of micellization (∆Gmo), the free energy of surfactant tail transfer (∆Gtranso) were calculated. Also, (log S1 and log S2), α, CMC, K0KCMC, ∆Gmo and ∆Gtranso are correlated with the volume fraction of isopropanol. The result revealed a sharp increase in conductivity with an increase in surfactant concentration. With the increasing isopropanol content in the solvent composition, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the CTAB and SDS increased. The degree of micellar dissociation (α) as well as the Gibbs' free energy was found to be increased with the increasing volume fraction of isopropanol. The correlation of ∆Gmo with the solvent parameters and the solvophobic parameter were also included. The contact angle and surface free energies over the aluminum foil surface were also evaluated using a drop shape analyzer (DSA-25E).

Viscoelastic Behavior of Synthesized Liquid Soaps and Surface Activity Properties of Surfactants

AbstractIn the present work, a rheological study of liquid soaps prepared from different mixture of surfactants as a function of surfactant type and concentration was performed. The curves of shear stress vs. shear rate and viscosity vs. shear rate were recorded at constant temperature, 294 ± 0.1 K. The surface activity properties were also studied. The results of the study showed that values of surface tension, γ, were in the range 31–40 mN m−1 and the critical micelle concentration (CMC), was of the order 10−4 mol L−1. The calculated maximum surface excess, Γmax, varied from 2.40 to 3.66 μmol m−2, while minimum area per molecule, Amin, varied from 41.1 (for amphoterics) to 81.4 Å2 (for nonionic surfactants). The standard free energy of micellization, −29.8 and −29.3 kJ mol−1 for anionic and amphoteric surfactants, respectively, were while values for nonionic surfactants varied between −31.8 and − 30.3 kJ mol−1. The free energy of adsorption, was the lowest for amphoteric surfactants (−37.9 kJ mol−1), followed by anionics (−40.4 kJ mol−1) and nonionics (−43.34 to −46.84 kJ mol−1), indicating that micellization process is spontaneous in the examined medium. The synthetized liquid soaps show pseudoplastic behavior and they achieved pipe flow. The results of this research indicate that flow behavior was affected significantly by the ionic charge of the surfactant and the ionic strength of the formulation, suggesting that the flow behavior could be changed by manipulating the choice of the surfactant and salinity. The pH value of all liquid soaps examined were weakly acidic, in the range of 5.0–6.4.

Application of power law in conductivity of binary mixed rhamnolipid surfactant systems

The limiting molar conductivity (Λ0) reflects the dissociation and the interaction of the electrolyte, and for the surfactant, it also reflects the interface adsorption and aggregation behavior of the molecules. A commonly used calculation method of Λ0 is the extrapolation of conductivity. In this article, a new approach known as Power law were used to improve the accuracy of the determination of Λ0 comparing the Ostwald's dilution law. The Law of independent migration proposed by Kohlrausch was used to explain the ionization and aggregation of surfactants in extremely dilute solutions. The effect of additives (N-Butanol, Diethanolamine (DEA) and PEG400) on Rhamnolipid (RL) aqueous solution were studied by conductivity method. From the obtained conductive results, we can calculate the critical aggregation concentration (CAC), the counter ion dissociation degree (α), the Gibbs standard free energy of micellization (ΔGmic°), molar conductivity (Λ), and aggregation numbers (nagg). Henry's law coefficient (H) and surface tension (γ) were also tested. The result shows that the α calculated by Power law is in good agreement with obtained by the conductivity method, and the CAC, α, Λ0, γ, nagg and H had a good correlation.