Standardized Food Frequency Questionnaire Research Articles

Deficit of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Acne Patients-A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in a German Cohort.

Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects, including the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Therefore, they may improve acne severity as an adjunct treatment. However, there is a paucity of data regarding patients' existing deficits. The aim of this study was to determine ω-3 FA levels in acne patients in correlation with self-reported dietary preferences and clinical severity. A single-center, cross-sectional study of 100 acne patients was conducted. Patients' blood parameters, including ω-3 FAs levels, were assessed using the HS-omega-3 Index® in erythrocytes (Omegametrix® GmbH, Martinsried, Germany). Dietary preferences were assessed using a standardized food frequency questionnaire. Clinical dermatologic evaluation was performed using the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) of acne. The values of the HS-omega-3 Index® were outside the recommended range of 8-11% in 96 patients (mean 5.15%), independent of the clinical severity or affected anatomic sites. A severe deficit (HS-omega-3 Index® < 4%) was seen more commonly in men than in women (p = 0.021). The regular consumption of legumes was significantly associated with higher ω-3 FA levels (p = 0.003), as was oral ω-3 FA supplementation (p = 0.006) and the lack of sunflower oil intake (p = 0.008). This pilot study demonstrated a deficit of ω-3 FAs in a German acne cohort. Higher ω-3 FAs levels were observed in patients with regular legume intake and oral ω-3 FAs supplementation. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate whether the clinical severity of acne improves in patients with normal HS-omega-3 Index®.

The Risk of Oral Cancer and the High Consumption of Thermally Processed Meat Containing Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Compounds.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the consumption of heat-processed meat as a direct human carcinogen and the consumption of red meat as a probable carcinogen. Mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds present in meat dishes include, among others, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). These compounds can cause the development of gastrointestinal cancer. Oral cancer is one of the world's research priorities due to the ever-increasing incidence rate. However, the effect of diet on oral cancer is still a poorly recognized issue. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the risk of oral cancer and dietary ingredients with a particular emphasis on red meat and thermally processed meat. This study was conducted among patients with oral cancer in 2022 and 2023. The shortened standardized Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a multivariate regression statistical analysis were used. The high consumption of red meat in general and thermally processed meat, especially smoked, fried, roasted and boiled, increases the risk of oral cavity cancer. Limiting the consumption of meat products and modifying the methods of preparing meat dishes may reduce exposure to carcinogenic compounds from the diet and thus reduce the risk of developing oral cancer.

Influence of HIV/AIDS Infection on Immunological and Nutritional Status in Adults and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kingdom of Bahrain.

Background and Objectives: HIV infection is a global public health problem that can lead to the progression of AIDS. Nutritional status and biochemical markers can significantly contribute to the progression of AIDS in HIV/AIDS patients. The main objective of this study is to examine the association between nutritional and biochemical markers as well as BMI in HIV/AIDS patients in the kingdom of Bahrain. Methods: A retrospective cohort study, including 300 patients (248 males and 52 females) with HIV/AIDS in Bahrain, was carried out. Various biochemical markers were collected from patients' medical records, including CD4+ T cell count, albumin, Hb, HCT, MCV, WBCs, and creatinine. A semi-structured questionnaire using a standardized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used, from which total energy and total macronutrients were calculated. Results: The mean BMI of the participants was 27.20 kg/m2, and none of the participants had a BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m2 (underweight). The majority of patients' dietary intake of macronutrients and total calorie intake were either within or above the recommended RDA levels. The results also showed that all of the mean values of the nutritional and biochemical markers (CD4+ T cell count, albumin, Hb, HCT, MCV, WBCs, and creatinine) were within the normal reference ranges. A significant positive correlation between CD4+ T cell count, Hb, HCT, and albumin at the <0.05 level was found. There was no significant correlation between CD4+ T cell count and MCV, WBCs, and creatinine. A positive significant correlation was found between BMI, CD4+ T cell count, and WBCs at the <0.01 level. Conclusion: The BMI values were significantly correlated with the biochemical markers of AIDS progression. The dietary patterns of the participants were undiversified, with a high prevalence of obesity and overweight. Malnutrition among this study population was not present.

Dietary Patterns and the Prevalence of Noncommunicable Diseases in the PURE Poland Study Participants.

The aim of the study was to analyze the association between dietary patterns (DP) identified in the group of Lower Silesia (Poland) inhabitants and the prevalence of selected noncommunicable diseases, such as total cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), visceral obesity, and excessive body weight. This study involved 2023 subjects aged 35-70 years, from Wroclaw and surrounding villages. The assessment of food intake in the study group was assessed using the standardized Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using the principal components analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation. Three dietary patterns were identified in the study group: unhealthy, healthy, and traditional. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, IFG, and visceral obesity decreased across the quartiles of healthy DP. Prevalence of IFG increased across the quartiles of unhealthy DP, but the prevalence of hypertension decreased. When the diet was more adherent to the traditional DP the prevalence of CVD, diabetes, IFG, visceral obesity, obesity, and being overweight was higher. DP abundant in fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, raisins, and unrefined grains, named "healthy dietary pattern", had a beneficial association with lower prevalence of selected noncommunicable diseases. DP abundant in meat products, but poor in fruits and vegetables were positively associated with higher prevalence of total CVD, diabetes, IFG, excessive body weight, and visceral obesity.

Longitudinal Assessment of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels during Pregnancy and Postpartum-Are the Current Recommendations for Supplementation Sufficient?

(1) Background: Pregnant women are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Data on pregnancy outcomes in women with vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy are controversial, and prospective longitudinal data on vitamin D deficiency with consistent definitions in pregnant women are scarce. (2) Methods: The aim of this prospective longitudinal cohort study was to investigate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels over the course of pregnancy and postpartum in singleton and twin pregnancies with regard to dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake and environmental factors influencing vitamin D levels, evaluated by a standardized food frequency questionnaire. (3) Results: We included 198 healthy singleton and 51 twin pregnancies for analysis. A total of 967 study visits were performed over a 3-year period. Overall, 59.5% of pregnant women were classified as vitamin D deficient in the first trimester, 54.8% in the second trimester, 58.5% in the third trimester, 66.9% at birth, and 60% 12 weeks postpartum, even though 66.4% of the study population reported daily pregnancy vitamin intake containing vitamin D. Dietary vitamin D intake did not affect vitamin D levels significantly. (4) Conclusions: The majority of pregnant women evaluated in this study were vitamin D deficient, despite administration of pregnancy vitamins containing vitamin D. Individualized vitamin D assessment during pregnancy should be considered to ensure adequate supplementation and prevention of hypovitaminosis D.

Dietary Pattern Associated with the Risk of Poor Glycemic Control in Chinese Diabetic Adults: Results from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015–2017 Survey

The present study was conducted to investigate the nutrition status of dietary patterns and the association between dietary patterns and the risk of poor glycemic control in Chinese diabetics. The relevant data was collected from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015-2017 survey, which is a national cross-sectional surveillance program. A total of 2031 participants were included in the present statistical analysis. Food consumption was assessed through a validated and standard food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived with reduced rank regression using hemoglobin A1c. Diabetes was diagnosed by medical institutions, glycemic control was defined as hemoglobin A1c less than 7%, poor glycemic control was defined as hemoglobin A1c greater than 7%. A multiple-variable-adjusted logistic regression, including age, living area, income level, educational attainment, body mass index, occupational physical activity, energy intake, current smoking status, current drinking status, diabetic medication use, insulin use, following diabetic diets, increased exercise, and glucose monitoring, was adjusted to explore the association between dietary patterns and the risk of poor glycemic control in diabetes. Two gender-specific dietary patterns have an increased risk of poor glycemic control and are characterized by a low intake of freshwater fish, poultry, and fruits. For male participants, the dietary pattern was characterized by a high intake of wheat and its products, a low intake of vegetables, corn and its products, shrimp and crab, and beans (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.76 to 4.10). For female participants, the dietary pattern was characterized by a low intake of snacks and nuts, and algae and mushroom (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.48 to 3.20).

Nutritional Status of Slovene Adults in the Post-COVID-19 Epidemic Period.

Monitoring nutritional status data in the adult population is extremely important to mediate their health status. Unfortunately, for Slovenia (2.1 million European Union citizens), data on the body composition status of the general adult population are currently rare or nonexistent in scientific journals. Furthermore, dietary intake was last assessed several years before the COVID-19 epidemic period. We randomly recruited 844 adult Slovenes from all regions of Slovenia. The primary aim of the cross-sectional study was to examine body composition status (using a medically approved electrical bioimpedance monitor) during the post-COVID-19 epidemic period. In addition, we assessed dietary intake (using a standardized food frequency questionnaire) and compared the obesity propensity for both sexes separately using the body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (FAT%) obesity classification of the World Health Organization. Regarding BMI classification, 43% of the whole sample was overweight (28%) or obese (15%), and there were more older adults than adults (64% vs. 42%, p &lt; 0.001). The average FAT% of adult females and males was 26.9% and 19.5% (p &lt; 0.001), respectively, while for older adult females and males, it was 32.7% and 23% (p &lt; 0.001). In addition, a comparison of the proportions of obese people between the two cut-off obesity classifications (BMI vs. FAT%) showed a significantly underestimated proportion of obese female participants based on BMI classification (13% vs. 17%, p = 0.005). In terms of the dietary intake of the assessed nutrients in comparison with the national dietary reference values for energy and nutrient intake, the participants, on average, had lower intake than the recommended values for carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins C, D and E (for males) and calcium, and higher intake than the recommended values for total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, sodium and chloride (for males). The results urgently call for the need to not only improve the overall national nutritional status but also for regular national monitoring of body composition and dietary intake statuses.

The Influence of Diet and Physical Activity on Oxidative Stress in Romanian Females with Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease, increases in prevalence with age, and affects most individuals over 65. The present study aimed to assess the oxidative status in relation to diet and physical activity in patients with OA. We used a cross-sectional study applied to 98 females with OA. Blood samples were collected to determine oxidative stress markers: malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and GSH/GSSG. Diet was estimated with a standardized food frequency questionnaire. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess the females’ physical activity. Multiple regression analyses were executed to determine the association between the oxidative markers and the intake of vegetables and fruit. The study showed that most patients were overweight or obese (88.8%). The level of physical activity was above the recommended level for adults, mainly based on household activities. The intake of vegetables and fruit was low. The MDA marker was inversely, statistically significantly associated with the consumption of vegetables (p < 0.05). Public health policies must address modifiable risk factors to reduce energy intake and obesity and increase the intake of vegetables and fruit. Higher consumption of vegetables and fruit may provide natural antioxidants that can balance oxidative compounds.

Association between adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and maternal and infant sleep disorders

BackgroundMaternal diet is known to be important to both mother and infant health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern (DP) and sleep problems in mothers and their infants.MethodsThe study included 350 breastfeeding mothers with an average age of 29.5 ± 5.9 years. Psychological functions were performed using standard questionnaires, including a Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (QLQ), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Infant Sleep Questionnaire (ISQ). Also, a standardized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to identify adherence to the DASH DP.ResultsSubjects in the highest tertile of DASH DP had significantly lower scores of mother’s sleep latency (0.70 ± 1.18 vs. 1.24 ± 1.3; P value = 0.031), sleep disorders (4.3 ± 1.6 vs. 5.3 ± 2.4; P value= 0.032) and higher mother sleep efficiency compared to those in the lowest tertile (97.5 ± 89 vs. 54.8 ± 90; P value= 0.011). Also, infants of mothers with higher adherence to a DASH DP had lower sleep disorders compared with subjects with low adherence (4.9 ± 3.8 vs. 5.7 ± 3.2; P value= 0.017). After controlling for the mother’s education, economic status, age, body mass index (BMI), and energy intake, adherence to the DASH pattern was associated with shorter sleep latency (β = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.49–0.82), fewer sleep disorders score in mothers (β = 0.92; 95%CI: 0.85–0.99) and their infants (β = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84–0.96) as well as high mother’s sleep efficiency (β = 1.2; 95%CI: 1.1–1.31).ConclusionsAccording to our findings, adherence to DASH DP is associated with a lower score for sleep disorders in mothers and their infants.

Food Intake in Relation to Obesity and Subjective Cognitive Complaints: A Crosssectional Study from Nigeria

There is evidence from research that dietary lifestyle influences health and mental well-being but there is limited understanding of the mechanism in Nigerian adult population. This study evaluated association of food intake with obesity and subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) in Nigerian adults. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 1338 random samples aged 18-87 years who were visiting six different public hospitals in the southwest Nigeria between March 2016 and April 2016. Standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and SCC questionnaire were used while anthropometric data were measured using standard clinical procedures. Associations were determined by linear and unconditional logistic regressions, after adjustment for age, ethnicity, education, gender, marital status, family type, alcohol and smoking status. Consumption of four different foods was significantly associated with SCC while one food intake was significantly associated with obesity measure (i.e., body mass index): meat product (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), 1.002; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.001-1.004; P &lt;.0001), and sugary snacks (AOR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.002-1.011; P &lt;.01) were associated with increased SCCs whereas consumption of cereal products (AOR, 0.999; 95% CI, 0.998-1.000; P &lt;.01) and potatoes (AOR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996-1.000; P &lt;.05) were associated with decreased levels of SCCs. Consumption of non-alcoholic beverages was associated with decreased BMI levels (AOR, 0.998; 95%CI, 0.997-1.00; P &lt;.05). Linear regression analyses on these data largely recapitulated the results. In conclusion, consumption of cereals, potatoes and non-alcoholic beverages appear beneficial to health and the findings could serve as an intervention strategy for tackling SCCs and obesity. Keywords: Food intake; subjective cognitive complaints; BMI, obesity; Nigeria

Food processing groups and colorectal cancer risk in Morocco: evidence from a nationally representative case-control study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the consumption of foods and drinks from different food processing categories using the NOVA classification and CRC risk among Moroccan adults. 1453 cases and 1453 matched controls aged at least 18years and recruited from the 5 greater Moroccan regions were interviewed by trained investigators about their habitual diet using a standardized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Foods were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. Intakes of each food processing group were categorized into tertiles based on the distribution of controls with the lowest tertile considered as the reference category. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between each group and CRC risk (Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)), taking relevant confounders into account. High consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (NOVA group 1) was significantly inversely (OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.72-0.93), while high consumption of ultra-processed foods and drink products (NOVA group 4) was significantly positively (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.22-1.61) associated with CRC risk as compared to the lowest intake group. These results were similar for colon and rectum sub-sites. This is the first study to evaluate the association between the NOVA classification groups and CRC risk in an African country. Our results suggest that the consumption of ultra-processed foods and drink products may be associated with an increased risk of developing CRC, but longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.

Association and interaction between dietary patterns and gene polymorphisms in Liangshan residents with hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is associated with dietary and genetic factors. However, studies on dietary patterns and their interaction effect with genes on the risk of HUA are limited. We aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns and HUA, and dietary patterns—gene interactions on the risk of HUA. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in adults aged 18 and older in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of China. Dietary consumption was collected using a standard Food Frequency Questionnaire. Vein blood samples were collected after overnight fasting, and DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component and factor analysis. Of the 2646 participants, the prevalence of HUA was 26.8%. Three dietary patterns were classified. Of them, a dietary pattern with higher meat consumption (defined as meat-based) had the strongest association with HUA than a dietary pattern with plant-based or local special diet-based. A higher frequency of T allele at ABCG2 rs2231142 and SLC2A9 rs11722228 loci was observed in participants with HUA than those without HUA. An additive interaction of meat-based dietary pattern with rs2231142 locus was significantly associated with an increased risk of HUA. The relative excess risks of interaction, attributable proportion of interaction, and synergy index (S) were 0.482 (95% CI: 0.012–0.976), 0.203 (95% CI: 0.033–0.374), and 1.544 (95% CI: 1.012–2.355), respectively. In conclusion, a dietary pattern with meat-based was significantly associated with an increased risk of HUA. There was an additive interaction between a meat-based dietary pattern and the ABCG2 rs2231142 locus. Individuals with rs2231142 T allele were at higher risk of HUA than those with rs2231142 GG allele.

Association Between Dietary Salt and Plasma Glucose, Insulin and Hemoglobin A1c Levels Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Eastern China.

PurposeType 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the major public health concerns in China. Studies on the association between dietary salt intake and the glycemic response of T2D are lacking in China. The aim was to investigate the association between the levels of dietary salt intake and the plasma glucose, insulin and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in T2D patients.MethodsPatients with T2D, who accepted management and treatment by the National Standardized Metabolic Disease Management Center at Ningbo First Hospital from March 2018 to January 2020, were included in this study. Dietary salt intake was assessed through a standardized food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometry, blood pressure and biomarkers were measured by well-trained endocrinology nurses. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to examine the associations.ResultsA total of 1145 eligible T2D patients with a mean age of 51.4 years were included in the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose and 2-hour postprandial insulin were significantly increased across dietary salt categories. The GLMs further showed that dietary salt intake >8 g/day was positively associated with FPG and HbA1c.ConclusionHigher daily salt intake was found to be associated with FPG and HbA1c in T2D patients. Lifestyle education and promotion of salt reduction should be provided to T2D patients.

The relationships between coping styles and food intake in shiftworking nurses and midwives: a pilot study.

Shiftworkers are more likely to suffer from gastrointestinal disease and Type 2 Diabetes than the general population, likely due to their altered dietary intakes. Previous research has suggested that coping strategies and health behaviours may be linked, however, questions remain regarding these relationships in shiftworking populations. The Standard Shiftwork Index and Food Frequency Questionnaire were completed by nurses/midwives working forward rotating shifts (N=27, female=24, age=38.4 ± 13.1 y). Greater engaged coping strategy usage was associated with lower total energy, fat, carbohydrate and sugar intake (ρs>−0.1). Greater disengaged coping strategy usage was associated with greater intake of these nutrients (ρs>0.1). Results suggest that engaged coping strategies may contribute to healthier dietary choices. A greater focus on coping styles, particularly during nursing education, may improve shiftworkers’ health.

Abstract 9748: Validation of a Brief Dietary Questionnaire for Use in Clinical Practice: Mini-EAT TM

Introduction: Limited validated rapid dietary screening tools are available for patient use for actionable goal setting to improve health and reduce cardiovascular risk. The Healthy Index (HEI) Score measures compliance with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans but requires completion of an extensive food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to compute, which is time consuming and impractical. Hypothesis: A 19-item dietary survey that assesses consumption of common food groups known to affect health is correlated to the gold standard FFQ and HEI score and can be further reduced without affecting validity. Methods: An evidence-based 19-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT™) of common food groups was created through literature review and expert consensus. We then conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult patients from a preventive cardiology clinic or cardiac rehabilitation and of healthy volunteers (n=628, mean age= 37 y, 76% women). Participants completed an online 156-item FFQ which was used to calculate the HEI score using standard methods. The association between each EAT™ question and HEI score category was analyzed by Kruskal-Walis test. Linear regression models were used to identify univariable and multivariable predictors for HEI score. The final model of Mini-EAT™ was validated by 5-fold cross validation. Results: The 19-item EAT™ had good correlation with the HEI (r=0.77) and was subsequently reduced to the 8 items independently predictive of the HEI score: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, refined grains, legumes/nuts/seeds, low-fat dairy, high-fat dairy, and sweets consumption, without affecting the predictive ability of the tool (r=0.76). Conclusions: Mini-EAT™ is an 8-item validated brief dietary screener that correlates well with a comprehensive FFQ. Future studies to test the Mini-EAT™’s validity in diverse populations and for development of clinical decision support systems to capture changes over time are needed.

Nutrient patterns and their relation to obesity and metabolic syndrome in Iranian overweight and obese adult women.

Nutrient patterns have been associated with an increased risk for chronic disease. Evidence to confirm a direct relationship between nutrient patterns and obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) throughout population-based differences including cultural contexts add complexity is not well established yet. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between nutrient patterns and MetS among overweight and obese Iranian women. Three hundred and sixty obese and overweight women (25 < BMI < 40) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake of 19 nutrients was evaluated by a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MetS was determined by abdominal obesity > 88 (cm) in females, Triglycerides ≥ 150 (mg/dL), dyslipidemia (HDL < 50mg/dL), systolic blood pressure > 130/85 (millimeters), and glucose > 100 (mg/dL). Body composition was assessed by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer, InBody 770 scanner. Principle components analysis was applied and four nutrient patterns were identified as following: Pattern 1 (thiamin, iron, carbohydrate, zinc, niacin, protein, magnesium, phosphorus, riboflavin), represented the carbo-vitamin group. Lipid group was showed in pattern 2 (PUFAs, MUFA, vitamin E, trans fatty acids, and Pattern 3 (beta-carotene, vitamin K, vitamin A, vitamin C) represented the anti-oxidant group, finally Pattern 4 was the indicator of the milk group (vitamin D, calcium). A significant positive association was observed between the anti-oxidant group and obesity (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.09-1.8; P = 0.01). No relationship between other nutrient pattern and MetS was observed. The nutrient patterns that are highly loading of beta-carotene, vitamin K, vitamin A, and vitamin C in nutrient patterns may be associated to higher risk of obesity in overweight and obese Iranian women. Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Dietary Intake of Vegetables and Cooking Oil Was Associated With Drug-Induced Liver Injury During Tuberculosis Treatment: A Preliminary Cohort Study.

Background and Purpose: Drug-induced liver injury is challenging during tuberculosis treatment. There is no epidemiological data investigating the relation between dietary intake and the risk of drug-induced liver injury during tuberculosis treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of food and nutrient intake with the incidence of tuberculosis-drug-induced liver injury.Methods: A cohort study was conducted in two city-level tuberculosis-specialized hospitals in Linyi City and Qingdao City, China from January 2011 to December 2013. The dietary intake was assessed by a 3-day 24-h food recall survey and a standard food-frequency questionnaire. The liver functions including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were monitored throughout the 6-month tuberculosis therapy. Liver injury was defined as ALT or AST higher than two times of the upper limit of normal (ULN). Liver dysfunction was defined as ALT or AST higher than the ULN. The ULN for ALT and AST is 40 U/L. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the dietary factors associated with the incidence of liver injury and liver dysfunction.Results: A total of 605 patients were included in the analysis. During the treatment, 8.1% patients exhibited liver injury and 23.3% patients exhibited liver dysfunction. A lower intake of vegetables was associated with a higher risk of liver injury [OR (95% CI): 3.50 (1.52–8.08), P = 0.003) and liver dysfunction [OR (95% CI): 2.37 (1.31–4.29), P = 0.004], while a lower intake of cooking oil was associated with a lower risk of liver injury [OR (95% CI): 0.44 (0.20–0.96), P = 0.040)] and liver dysfunction [OR (95% CI): 0.51 (0.31–0.85), P = 0.009].Conclusion: The current study indicated that the higher risks of tuberculosis-drug-induced liver injury and liver dysfunction were statistically associated with decreased vegetable intake and increased cooking oil intake.

Abstract OT-09-04: Analysis of genomic alterations in cell free DNA and gut bacterial diversity in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients on endocrine therapy: A pilot study

Abstract Background: Endocrine therapies have been associated with an overall survival benefit in MBC. However, a majority of patients eventually develop endocrine resistance and the factors associated with short versus long term response to endocrine therapies have not been well defined. These factors include key genomic alterations as well as alterations in steroid metabolism pathways. Gut bacteria play an important role in estrogen metabolism and may thus impact response to endocrine-based therapies. Our study aims to investigate both genomic and gut bacterial profiles in patients treated with endocrine therapies in MBC to further elucidate potential mechanisms of acquired endocrine resistance. Specific Aims: (1) To examine mutational profiles in cell free DNA of ER+/HER2- MBC patients treated with Aromatase Inhibitors (AI) + CDK 4/6 inhibitors to identify common oncogenic alterations associated clinical outcomes. (2) To identify gut bacterial profiles predictive of short versus long term response to endocrine therapy with AI + CDK 4/6 inhibitors. (3) To identify dietary factors associated with clinical outcomes on AI + CDK 4/6 inhibitor treatment. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective pilot study with the aim of collecting blood and fecal samples for biomarker analysis. Patients with advanced ER+/HER2- breast cancer initiating on standard of care first line palliative systemic therapy with an AI in combination with a CDK 4/6 inhibitor will be screened for eligibility. Patients with relapse on prior endocrine therapy or within 6 months of discontinuation of prior adjuvant endocrine therapy as well as patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea, malabsorption syndromes and prior bowel resection will be excluded. Taxonomic composition of fecal samples will be assessed by 16S rRNA gene microbiota sequencing. A subset of samples will undergo shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Targeted qPCR will be used to quantitate total bacterial density (by 16S rRNA gene qPCR), as well as genus/ species identified from published studies. Molecular alterations in cell free DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples will be analyzed using the Oncomine (ThermoFisher) Breast cfDNA assay. Droplet digital PCR assays will be designed to investigate common hotspot mutations in additional genes of interest. Dietary information will be assessed through standardized food frequency questionnaire administered at the start of treatment. Study outcomes will be mainly exploratory and hypothesis-generating. The sample size of 20 patients was determined in order to formulate an acceptable confidence interval (&amp;gt;95%) and to account for drop-outs and patients with insufficient number or quality of samples. The primary outcome is to compare genomic and gut bacterial profiles in patients with short (&amp;lt;6 months) versus long (≥24 months) time-to-treatment failure (TTF), defined as the time from first treatment on study until the date of treatment discontinuation for whatever reason (including toxicity). Secondary outcomes include overall survival, toxicity and frequency of genomic and bacterial alterations. Expected Results and Conclusions: We have enrolled two patients after an accrual period of 4 months. Detailed analysis of the genomic profiles in cell free DNA and gut bacterial diversity will provide a comprehensive portrait of the molecular and gut bacterial profiles associated with short versus long term responders to endocrine therapy and might shed light on new therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Rossanna C. Pezo, Andrea Eisen, Sonal Gandhi, Ellen Warner, Katarzyna Jerzak, Maureen Trudeau, Arun Seth. Analysis of genomic alterations in cell free DNA and gut bacterial diversity in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients on endocrine therapy: A pilot study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT-09-04.

Does a high intake of green leafy vegetables protect from NAFLD? Evidence from a large population study

Background and aimsResults of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that green leafy vegetables (GLV) could attenuate liver steatosis. However, little is known regarding the association between GLV intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in human. We examined the association of GLV intake with NAFLD in a large-scale adult population. Methods and resultsThis cross-sectional study investigated 26,891 adults in China who participated in health examinations from 2013 to 2017. Newly diagnosed NAFLD was detected by liver ultrasonography. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated and standardized food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across categories of GLV intake. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and other dietary intakes, the OR (95% CI) for comparing the highest vs. lowest GLV intake categories (≥7 times/week vs. almost never) was 0.72 (0.59, 0.90) (P < 0.0001). In addition, a linear inverse association was demonstrated between GLV intake and NAFLD in women (P for trend = 0.04), but ORs for any intake category did not reach significance. Stratified analyses suggested a potential effect modification by obesity status; the ORs (95% CIs) for comparing the highest vs. lowest GLV intake categories was 0.72 (0.54, 0.97) in normal/overweight individuals and 1.04 (0.65, 1.65) in obese individuals (P-interaction < 0.0001). ConclusionThis large population-based study shows that high GLV intake is inversely associated with NAFLD, particularly in women and non-obese participants.

Relationship between Cognitive-Behavioral Processes and Stages of Change in Nutrient Use in Overweight Women Referring to Health Centers in Isfahan.

Background:The positive impact of post-needs assessment training on the correction of eating habits is remarkable. The aim of present study was to determine the relationship between cognitive-behavioral processes and stages of change in nutrient use in overweight women referring to health centers in Isfahan.Materials and Methods:The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 during a three-month period. Using systematic random sampling, 260 overweight women referring to Isfahan comprehensive health centers were chosen. Data collection was performed by a four-part researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information form, stages of change of behavior, cognitive and behavioral processes questionnaire, and standard 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. After confirming its validity and reliability, it was completed by the researcher. Data were then entered N4 software perfect and analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests (ANOVA and Bonferroni Post-Hoc).Results:59.30% of the subjects were in an inactive and 40.70% in an active phase. There was a significant difference with respect to different stages of change and the use of all behavior change processes (F4= 11.42, p < 0.001). The rate of using cognitive and behavioral processes increased during the nutrient change behavior (p < 0.001).Conclusions:The results of the study showed that moving away from pre-contemplation stage to maintenance phase increases the rate of using these processes that is due to the stability and improvement of changed behavior. Therefore, health plans should be designed based on the stage of the target group.