Standard Edition Research Articles

‘Texting Scarlatti’: unlocking a standard edition with a digital toolkit

Editing musical texts requires a great deal of artistic, intellectual and commercial investment but, once published, an edition tends to become inert, a form of musical still life. ‘Texting Scarlatti’ explores ways of unlocking the value of a standard edition using a variety of digital tools. For as long as the editorial process in music begins and ends with analogue graphical notation, a digital music edition will inevitably be hybrid to some extent. But our project examines each stage in that process from input to output, showing how scholarly insight, performance-based musicology, data science, HCI-inspired crowdsourcing techniques and information systems can together form the basis of an open, rich digital edition for future development. Key outputs will be an extremely large machine-readable dataset consisting of more than 310,000 bars of music, together with structured, searchable apparatus for each of the 555 sonatas in the Scarlatti canon. Musicology has been a notable absentee from recent developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) and there is a great deal of catching-up to do. In our conclusion, we urge more scholars and publishers to make similarly large, and largely hidden, datasets more openly available for machine learning and suggest some practical steps to facilitate this.

First Confirmed Description of Acremonium egyptiacum from Greece and Molecular Identification of Acremonium and Acremonium-like Clinical Isolates.

Acremonium and the recently separated acremonium-like genera, such as Sarocladium, are emerging causes of opportunistic disease in humans, mainly post-traumatic infections in immunocompetent hosts, but also invasive infections in immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing transplantation. Acremonium egyptiacum has emerged as the major pathogenic Acremonium species in humans, implicated mainly in nail but also in disseminated and organ specific infections. In this first study of acremonium-like clinical isolates in Greece, 34 isolates were identified and typed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer, and their antifungal susceptibility was determined by a modified CLSI standard M38 3rd Edition method for filamentous fungi. A. egyptiacum was the primary species (18 isolates) followed by Sarocladium kiliense (8), Acremonium charticola, Gliomastix polychroma, Proxiovicillium blochii, Sarocladium terricola, Sarocladium zeae, and Stanjemonium dichromosporum (all with one isolate). Two isolates, each with a novel ITS sequence, possibly represent undescribed species with an affinity to Emericellopsis. All three A. egyptiacum ITS barcode types described to date were identified, with 3 being the major type. Flutrimazole, lanoconazole, and luliconazole presented the lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against A. egyptiacum, with a geometric mean (GM) MIC of 2.50, 1.92, and 1.57 μg/mL, respectively. Amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, amorolfine, and griseofulvin MICs were overall high (GM 12.79-29.49 μg/mL). An analysis of variance performed on absolute values showed that flutrimazole, lanoconazole, and luliconazole were equivalent and notably lower than those of all the other drugs tested against A. egyptiacum. Antifungal susceptibility of the three different A. egyptiacum genotypes was homogeneous. Overall, the high MICs recorded for all systemically administered drugs, and for some topical antifungals against the tested A. egyptiacum and other acremonium-like clinical isolates, justify the routine susceptibility testing of clinical isolates.

Hybrid simulation testing of two-storey low-aspect-ratio nuclear RC shear walls with normal- and high-strength reinforcement: Seismic performance evaluation and economic assessment

Low-aspect-ratio reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls have been commonly used in several nuclear facilities in containment and safety-related structures. Despite being a potential alternative to reduce rebar congestion and subsequently minimize complex construction activities typically associated with nuclear facilities, there has been limited experimental research on investigating the impact of using high-strength reinforcement (HSR) on the seismic performance of such walls, particularly in a multi-storey context. This lack of research is mainly due to considerable challenges imposed when testing such multi-storey nuclear RC shear walls in most laboratories. Therefore, the current study presents the experimental results of two two-storey low-aspect-ratio nuclear RC shear walls that were tested utilizing the seismic hybrid simulation testing technique. In this respect, walls W1-NSR and W2-HSR were designed using normal-strength reinforcement (NSR) and HSR, respectively, where the two test walls had comparable capacities to allow for direct comparisons. Both walls were subjected to various ground motion levels, spanning from operational to design and beyond-design earthquake scenarios. The experimental findings are then presented to include the force-displacement responses, the multi-storey effects, ductility capacities, lateral and rotational stiffnesses, rebar strains, and cracking patterns of the test walls. Subsequently, an economic assessment was carried out to quantify the total rebar weights and the corresponding construction costs of such walls. In addition, the expected seismic repair costs were determined based on a three-dimensional digital image correlation technique that provided information on the damage states of the test walls under different earthquake levels. The results show that although W1-NSR and W2-HSR attained similar force and moment capacities, W2-HSR achieved a relatively higher ductility capacity than W1-NSR. However, larger cracks were observed in W2-HSR compared to W1-NSR, which was attributed to the associated larger rebar spacing in the former relative to the latter. The economic assessment results demonstrate that using HSR minimized the rebar weights and construction costs, while both walls had similar seismic repair costs at their design and beyond-design earthquake levels. Both the seismic performance and economic assessment results presented in the current study are expected to aid future editions of relevant design standards in adopting HSR in nuclear construction practice.

B - 131 Validation of the California Verbal Learning Test-II-Short Form Forced Choice Paradigm as an Indicator of Performance Validity

Abstract Objective Although the Forced Choice (FC) paradigm of the standard California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) has been extensively validated as an embedded performance validity test (PVT), no studies have validated the CVLT-II Short Form (SF) against a standard battery of external PVTs. Method Participants included 98 veterans (Mage = 69.7 ± 9.0; 86.7% cisgender-male) who completed the CVLT-II-SF FC and the following independent criterion freestanding/embedded PVTS as part of comprehensive outpatient neuropsychological evaluations: the Advanced Clinical Solutions Word Choice Test, Test of Memory Malingering-Trial 1, and Reliable Digit Span from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test-Fourth Edition Digit Span subtest. Invalid performance was identified using two different criteria: (1) failing ≥2 PVTs in addition to other clinical indicators of poor engagement, or (2) failing one PVT. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves tested the classification accuracy of identifying participants in the invalid group versus those with valid presentations and with or without cognitive impairment. Results Using both criteria, ROC analyses accurately identified invalidity (AUCs = 0.708–0.807) in the total sample, with cut-scores of ≤7 or ≤ 8 on the CVLT-II-SF FC exhibiting adequate specificities (0.900–0.986) and sensitivities of 0.407–0.500. Classification accuracy was acceptable for differentiating the invalid and cognitively intact groups (AUCs = 0.734–0.829) at a cut score of ≤8 (specificities = 0.923–0.958, sensitivities = 0.500–0.704), but was variably acceptable for differentiating the invalid and cognitively impaired groups (AUCs = 0.684–0.794; cut-score of ≤7 with specificities = 0.962–0.978 and sensitivities = 0.229–0.407). Conclusions Our findings support the CVLT-II-SF FC trial as an embedded PVT, particularly when differentiating cognitively intact examinees from those with noncredible presentations.

Insights on Fostering Students Innovation Consciousness

The 2011 and 2022 editions of compulsory curriculum standards underscore the importance of fostering innovation consciousness among students their development. Based on our teaching practice in recent years, we explore how students innovation awareness can be fostered, focusing on six aspects.

Revised Editions of the Prajnaparamitahrdaya and Xīn jīng

The commonly used Sanskrit and Chinese editions of the Heart Sutra have both been found to be faulty or misread in minor but important ways (Nattier 1992, Huifeng 2014, and Attwood 2015, 2018, 2020a, 2021a). These faults and misreadings have consistently been overlooked to the detriment of Heart Sutra studies. This article combines published observations to revise the standard Heart Sutra editions in both Sanskrit and Chinese. The Sanskrit text is fully parsable, possibly for the first time. The revised texts are accompanied by translations that reflect the epistemic hermeneutic proposed in Attwood (2022a). For convenience, the revised editions and translations are also provided as standalone supplements: Bānrěbōluómìduō xīn jīng Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya

The first six propositions of Archimedes' on equilibrium of planes 1

ABSTRACT Modern commentators have doubts about the authenticity and cogency of the early propositions of Archimedes’ On Equilibrium of Planes Book 1. Ernst Mach famously said that the proof of Prop. 6, the so-called law of the lever, assumes what is to be proven. Comparing the initial text in Heiberg’s modern edition (1881, 1913) to the first propositions in Eutocius’ commentary on EP 1, J. L. Berggren ([1976]. ‘Spurious Theorems in Archimedes’ Equilibrium of Planes: Book I’, Archive for History of Exact Sciences 16.2 (1976), 87–103.) claimed that the propositions up through Proposition 3 of the standard modern edition are schoolbook additions written by an ancient author inferior to Archimedes. The present paper argues for the logical connectedness of Postulates 1–5 to Props. 1–6, by means of a detailed examination of the course of the argument and a re-examination of Eutocius’ remarks. The paper reinterprets the role of the empirical in the early propositions and offers a reading of the contribution of Archimedes’ mechanics to the method of EP 1.

Thermal degradation of self-contained breathing apparatus facepiece lenses under radiant thermal loads

The self-contained breathing apparatus is one of the most critical components of the firefighting personal protective ensemble providing protection from potentially toxic gases and products of combustion. Three models of self-contained breathing apparatus facepiece lenses meeting various editions of national standards were exposed to radiant thermal loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 kW/m2 until thermal degradation resulted in hole formation or the test duration reached 30 min. Thermal damage was documented as time to crazing, bubbling, and hole formation. Temperature was recorded within the facepiece. There were significant differences in times to thermal damage between lenses. The facepiece lens model meeting the 2013 edition of National Fire Protection Association 1981 had significantly longer times to thermal degradation than those meeting older editions of the standard. Maximum temperatures were higher in the facepiece model meeting the 2013 edition of National Fire Protection Association 1981, likely because of the extended time the radiant load was applied.

Adapting to the 7th Edition of APA - Beyond Reference Formatting

This article explores significant updates in academic writing introduced by the new edition of the APA standards. With these changes, the International Journal of Innovation reinforces its mission to make scientific research not only clearer and easier to understand but also more inclusive and accessible to everyone. Here you will find what you need to know about the new rules and how they can improve the way we present our ideas and research in the academic world.

Strategies for Implementing "Integrated Teaching-Learning-Assessment" in the Context of English Core Literacy

The emergence of the National English Curriculum Standards (2017 Edition, Revised in 2020) has sparked widespread attention and resonance in the field of secondary school English teaching. Delving into the study and application of the new curriculum standards has become a crucial entry point and lever for secondary school English teachers to renew their teaching philosophies, enhance teaching effectiveness, and advance the depth of education. The new curriculum standards provide important guidance on how secondary school English teachers should teach, how students should learn, and how to effectively integrate teaching, learning, and assessment, thereby delineating the direction of English teaching in the current era of emphasizing subject core literacy in quality education. The 2022 Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards explicitly mention the curriculum design concept of "integrating teaching and assessment," further deepening the intrinsic connections among teaching, learning, and assessment. Therefore, based on the guiding principles of "integrating teaching and assessment," this paper relies on the 2017 edition of the new curriculum standards and combines the practical situation of secondary school English teaching to analyze how to comprehensively understand the connotation of "integrating teaching and assessment" and how to implement effective teaching and assessment practices.

“This kind of life has no meaning”

“This kind of life has no meaning”

Modern digital hydrography and the new international hydrographic organisation bathymetric survey standards

The current state of the International Hydrographic organization bathymetric survey Standards S44 (6.1.0) is examined in this study. The introduction of the S44 survey Standards fourth edition in 1998 heralded the beginning of a new era of modern digital hydrography based on the concept of the survey orders resulting from implementation of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems of positioning and hydrographic information systems. The fundamental changes between the 4th and 6th editions of the Standards for Hydrographic Surveys (S-44) are described. The differences between the 5th and 6th editions of the Standards for Hydrographic Surveys (S-44) are evaluated. Particular attention is paid to the conceptual evolution of such definitions as “bathymetric model” and “ features detection”. The main new S44 (6.1.0) survey Standards paradigm became the concept of “bathymetric coverage” and the rejection of the “ full sea floor coverage” concept which was introduced in the previous 5th edition. Introducing the “bathymetric coverage” and “ feature search” notions in the 6th S44 (2022) survey Standards provides the possibility to avoid the implementation of such previously important hydrographic definition as “line spacing”. It is especially emphasized that the introduction and combined application of such definitions as “bathymetric coverage”, “ feature detection” and “ feature search” necessitate the usage in the 6th S44 (2022) survey Standards of the new special tool named “specification matrix”. This tool is important for hydrographic survey drafting taking into consideration the various stakeholder requirements as well as providing a short hydrographic survey description. The introduction of gridding concept in hydrography provided in the S44 (6.1.0) survey Standards for the first time is also mentioned. Critical comments on the interpretation of gridding methods provided in the annex D which are not considered as the part of the Standards are presented. Some recommendations concerning general quality control requirements and survey posteriori quality control provided in the annex C and B are also commented on. It should be especially emphasized that three last editions of S44 Standards use the “standard deviation” term without specifying its confidence level for position uncertainty (Total Horizontal Uncertainty — THU) calculation. The position uncertainty (2D) quantities are stated as “standard deviation” multiplied by coefficient 2.45. The “standard deviation” term needs additional explanation and clarification; it should not be confused with the widely used term «position standard deviation =distance root mean squared». It is also pointed out the insufficient study of the 3D hydrographic technology provisions presented in the 6th S44 survey Standards edition associated with the alternative method of sea level correction determination based on the precise ellipsoid (geodetic) heights measurements of the tide gauges benchmarks and chart datum using GNSS observations. The necessity of inclusion of the requirements for survey posteriori quality control as the result of survey data post-processing, using statistical comparison of check lines crossing the regular lines, is substantiated. Finally, the urgency of developing new Russian hydrographic standards and specifications based on IHO S44 (6.1.0) on the basis of modern technology is emphasized.

Dietary composition and its association with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study

Background and study aimsMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Diet plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD. Our hypothesis was that the intake of some macronutrients, vitamins, or mineral elements is associated with MAFLD. Patients and methodsPatients with MAFLD can be diagnosed based on the evidence of hepatic steatosis and if they meet any of the three additional criteria of overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, or metabolic dysregulation. Diets were recorded using photographs and diaries of meals for seven consecutive days. The consumed dietary composition was compared with the recommended intake according to the China Food Composition Tables (Standard Edition) version 2019 and the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes version 2013, and its association with MAFLD was assessed by logistical regression analyses. ResultsA total of 229 MAFLD patients and 148 healthy controls were included in this study. MAFLD patients, compared with that by non-MAFLD participants, consumed more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (p < 0.001), vitamin E (p < 0.001), and iron (p = 0.008). The intake of PUFAs (OR = 1.070, 95 % CI: 1.017–1.127, p = 0.009) and vitamin E (OR = 1.100, 95 % CI: 1.018–1.190, p = 0.016) was positively associated with MAFLD. In addition, the percentages of individuals who consumed PUFAs (p = 0.006), vitamin E (p < 0.001), or iron (p = 0.046) above the recommended intake were higher among the individuals with MAFLD. Daily intake of PUFAs > 11 % (OR = 2.328, 95 % CI: 1.290–4.201, p = 0.005) and vitamin E > 14 mg (OR = 2.189, 95 % CI: 1.153–4.158, p = 0.017) was positively correlated with MAFLD. ConclusionsPatients with MAFLD consumed more PUFAs, vitamin E, and iron in their daily diet. Excessive consumption of PUFAs and vitamin E might be independent risk factors for the incidence of MAFLD.

Standardized Iterative Genome Editing Method for Escherichia coli Based on CRISPR-Cas9.

The introduction of complex biosynthetic pathways into the hosts' chromosomes is gaining attention with the development of synthetic biology. While CRISPR-Cas9 has been widely employed for gene knock-in, the process of multigene insertion remains cumbersome due to laborious and empirical gene cloning procedures. To address this, we devised a standardized iterative genome editing system for Escherichia coli, harnessing the power of CRISPR-Cas9 and MetClo assembly. This comprehensive toolkit comprises two fundamental elements based on the Golden Gate standard for modular assembly of sgRNA or CRISPR arrays and donor DNAs. We achieved a gene insertion efficiency of up to 100%, targeting a single locus. Expression of tracrRNA using a strong promoter enhances multiplex genomic insertion efficiency to 7.3%, compared with 0.76% when a native promoter is used. To demonstrate the robust capabilities of this genome editing toolbox, we successfully integrated 5-10 genes from the coenzyme B12 biosynthetic pathway ranging from 5.3 to 8 Kb in length into the chromosome of E. coli chassis cells, resulting in 14 antibiotic-free, plasmid-free producers. Following an extensive screening process involving genes from diverse sources, cistronic design modifications, and chromosome repositioning, we obtained a recombinant strain yielding 1.49 mg L-1 coenzyme B12, the highest known titer achieved by using E. coli as the producer. Illuminating its user-friendliness, this genome editing system is an exceedingly versatile tool for expediently integrating complex biosynthetic pathway genes into hosts' genomes, thus facilitating pathway optimization for chemical production.

Flicker assessment performance of an Electrical Power Standard

This paper presents a flicker compliance testing method useful for the evaluation of electrical power standards. The method uses a very precise self-developed flicker generator based on discrete power semiconductors. Pst, frequency and voltage variations can be accurately compared to assess the performance of flicker generators. A digital flickermeter has also been developed and it is used to obtain the results of the most characteristic flicker parameter, Pst. With this approach, it is possible to assess the performance of flicker generator standards in consistency with the latest IEC flickermeter testing standard edition.

СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ БЕЗПЕКОЮ І ЗДОРОВ’ЯМ НА РОБОТІ У КОНТЕКСТІ ISO 45001:2018

The main task of safety and health at work (OSH) is to protect the most important thing we have, the health of each of us. Employers have the ability to anticipate and prevent risks by properly implementing an occupational health and safety management system.In connection with accidents at work, in recent years both in our country and around the world, permanent OSH management systems have begun to be used. The purpose of these management systems is to make occupational health and safety activities simpler, clearer and easier to implement in the workplace, to help create a more effective prevention system and to ensure the effective participation of all employees, regardless of their level in the enterprise structure. Thanks to this, it is possible to reduce the number of accidents at work and occupational diseases, to continue scientific research on occupational health and safety, and to create an environment that will help improve the level of development of the country. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the benefits of OSH systems that can provide workers, businesses, and industries with ways to reduce occupational injuries and illnesses. For this purpose, a detailed review of the literature is conducted and the obtained results are comprehensively evaluated. The main task of the article is to describe the history of safety management systems to determine the state of implementation of the ISO 45001 system. Next, the article describes the ISO 45001 standard from the perspective of the PDCA Cycle and describes the benefits and importance of the implementation of the ISO 45001 standard.ISO 45001:2018 contains more requirements compared to previous editions of OHSAS standards. However, at the same time, it gives more freedom in their imple-mentation. The formulation of the standard can be considered a step forward ‒ it is clear and reflects the current situation in the business environment. Its structure is compatible with other management systems, in particular with the ISO 9001:2015 quality mana-gement system and the ISO 14001:2015 environmental management system. All three management standards have the same structure of sections, which allows you to create an integrated system of quality, environment, occupational health and safety management.The success of OSH management systems depends on the leadership, commitment and participation of all levels and functions of the organization; allocation of necessary resources, policies and goals in the field of occupational health and safety; compliance with legal and other requirements; effective management of safety risks; strict moni-toring; assessment of the effectiveness of the OSH management system; and integration of this system into the enterprise's business processes.Keywords: safety; management; ISO 45001; health; injuries, OSH

Readability of Postconcussion Home Care Instructions

Patient education materials should be written at or below a fifth grade reading level. Postconcussion home care instructions outline what signs/symptoms warrant a visit to the emergency department and actions that should be taken/not taken by the caregiver. The purpose of this study was to determine the readability of postconcussion home care instructions provided by national organizations seen as setting the standard of care. Readability analyses were performed using the Readability Studio 2019 Standard Edition, by Oleander Software (Oleander Solutions). All postconcussion home care instructions were written above the recommended reading grade level. Poor comprehension of written material may lead to poor health outcomes; therefore, those organizations should consider amending handouts to meet the recommended reading level. Athletic trainers should examine the readability of home care instructions they provide, use both written and verbal instructions, and ensure caregiver understanding by using the skills in the Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit.

Канонический и церковно-административный аспекты спора о прерогативах митрополитов Никеи и Никомидии на Халкидонском соборе

Introduction. On October 30, 451, during the 4th Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon, the dispute between Metropolitan Eunomius of Nicomedia and Metropolitan Anastasius of Nicaea was considered. Eunomius believed that his rights as the metropolitan of the entire province of Bithynia, in regard to ordinations, were violated by Anastasius of Nicaea, who had deposed a number of clerics of the city of Vasilinopolis. Information about this lawsuit is taken from the published acts of the 14th session of the Chalcedon Council. Methods. The work is based on the application of the historical-critical method of data processing of the source text used in the original in Greek according to the standard critical edition and quoted by the author in his own translation. Analysis. Based on the analysis of the act material, the author restores the course, content and internal logic of the conciliar audition of the claim of Eunomius of Nicomedia. It also reveals the cause of the claim, external factors and figures that had influenced the course of the case and become the cause of its occurrence. The factors include the unsettled status of the Metropolitan of Nicaea within the province of Bithynia, the limits of his competence and jurisdiction. Similar factor is the unsettled status of the Metropolitan of Nicomedia as bishop of the provincial capital (metropolis), that lead to a conflict of jurisdictions over the Bithynian city of Vasilinopolis. Decisive is also the influence in Bithynia of the patriarchal see of Constantinople and persons who occupied it, beginning with John Chrysostos. The decision of the Ecumenical Council on this lawsuit turns out to be half-hearted: the city of Vasilinopolis and its clergy are recognized as belonging to the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Nicomedia, declared the first Metropolitan of Bithynia, but the question of the subordination of the Metropolitan of Nicaea, recognized as the second, remains open. This is evident from later sources, in which the Metropolitan of Nicaea is designated as an independent ruling metropolitan within the province of Bithynia, with his own district and jurisdiction. Results. The decision of the Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon failed to approve in Bithynia the canonical definition of the Council of Nicaea that there should be only one ruling metropolitan in the province. It is obvious that the decision of the judges was influenced by the ancient tradition of intercity rivalry between Nicaea and Nicomedia, dating back to pre-Christian times. The latter was clearly manifested in the fact that the main argument of the litigants was the recognition of the secular title of metropolis for both cities, confirmed by imperial letters. Thus, the dispute between Nicaea and Nicomedia shows that the decisions of the Ecumenical Councils were embodied in church-political and church-administrative practice in so far as they corresponded, or at least did not contradict the established tradition of socio-political relations.

Comparative analyses of reinforced masonry and reinforced concrete shear walls with different end configurations: Seismic performance and economic assessment

Recent research has been demonstrating that fully-grouted reinforced masonry (RM) shear walls possess high ductile capacity levels that resulted in excellent performance under seismic loading. Considering the results of these studies, the current ductility modification factors assigned to such shear walls in relevant building codes and design standards are excessively conservative compared to the corresponding higher values assigned to their reinforced concrete (RC) counterparts. These conservative factors are mainly attributed to the lack of research studies that have been conducted to present direct comparisons between the performance of the two seismic force-resisting systems. To address this current knowledge gap and guide future editions of their relevant design standards based on experimental and analytical evidence, the objective of the current study is to show detailed comparative analyses between the performance of several RC and RM shear walls with different end configurations when both wall systems are subjected to similar seismic demands. These analyses also include a comprehensive economic assessment to equip practicing engineers and other relevant stakeholders with detailed comparisons between the two wall systems in terms of their construction costs. In this respect, six half-scaled RC shear walls were compared to three half-scaled RM shear walls, where all nine walls were tested under a quasi-static cyclic fully-reversed loading. The six RC shear walls were tested in two phases, where each phase consisted of three different wall types (i.e., rectangular, flanged, and boundary element walls) that had identical dimensions to their RM counterparts. To allow for direct comparison between the walls, Phase I RC walls with low vertical reinforcement ratios had similar lateral strength capacities as the RM walls, whereas Phase II RC walls with high vertical reinforcement ratios had similar ultimate curvature values as the RM walls. The comparison results are presented in the current study in terms of the crack patterns, load–displacement envelopes, curvature profiles, and wall displacements. Displacement ductility values, normalized periods, and equivalent viscous damping ratios are also presented for the nine walls. Finally, an economic assessment is performed to compare the walls in terms of their total rebar weights and approximate construction costs. The results demonstrate that RM shear walls can achieve an enhanced seismic performance similar to that of RC shear walls if the former walls are well-detailed (e.g., adequate confinement). Such an enhanced performance of RM shear walls is also coupled with low construction costs when compared to their RC counterparts. The current study enlarges the database of results that will facilitate assigning effective seismic performance metrics (e.g., ductility-related force modification factors) for RM shear wall buildings in future editions of building codes and design standards.

The Application of "Problem Chain" in High School History Teaching

Since the beginning of the new century, higher requirements have been put forward for high school history teaching. Especially with the promulgation of the new edition of General High School History Curriculum Standards in 2017, the five core qualities of history have clarified students as the main body of learning. In order to better realize the teaching goal and cultivate comprehensive talents, the "problem chain" teaching mode has become a new teaching mode, but there are some deficiencies in the current "problem chain" teaching mode, this paper explains how to better implement the "problem chain" teaching in senior high school teaching through specific cases. The applied research of "problem chain teaching" in high school history teaching has enriched the methods of high school history teaching, and has also become one of the important means to realize the core quality of history discipline.