Standard Dictionary Research Articles

Deep Graph-Long Short-Term Memory: A Deep Learning Based Approach for Text Classification

Multi-label text classification is a challenging task in many real applications. Mostly, in all the traditional techniques, word2vec is used to show the sequential information among text. However, use of word2vec ignores logic and context relationship among text, and we treat each label as an individual unit. Therefore, the existing techniques failed to reflect the real scenarios and to gain the semantic information regarding the relationship among texts. In this paper, we propose a model Deep Graph-Long Short-Term Memory (DG-LSTM) for multi-label text classification. In the proposed model, we store the documents using the graph database. Initially, the documents are pre-processed using standard dictionaries, and afterwards it generates the classified dictionaries. These classified dictionaries are used to generate the subgraphs. The model maintains a lookup table to reduce the search space for the new documents. For classification, the model uses the deep learning technique DG-LSTM. DG-LSTM is using Deep Graph_Rectified Linear Unit activation function to avoid blow-up and dying neuron problem of Rectified Linear Unit activation function. We verify the proposed model on the legal case of Indian judiciary. The results show that the proposed model has achieved 99% accuracy to classify the fresh case into its corresponding category.

Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting Lexicon for MRI: A White Paper of the ACR Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data Systems MRI Committee.

MRI is used in the evaluation of ovarian and adnexal lesions. MRI can further characterize lesions seen on ultrasound to help decrease the number of false-positive lesions and avoid unnecessary surgery in benign lesions. Currently, the reporting of ovarian and adnexal findings on MRI is inconsistent because of the lack of standardized descriptor terminology. The development of uniform reporting descriptors can lead to improved interpretation agreement and communication between radiologists and referring physicians. The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data Systems MRI Committee was formed under the direction of the ACR to create a standardized lexicon for adnexal lesions with the goal of improving the quality and consistency of imaging reports. This white paper describes the consensus process in the creation of a standardized lexicon for ovarian and adnexal lesions for MRI and the resultant lexicon.

Casa del Samarín, una estación de grabados rupestres en deterioro. Documentación, análisis y diagnóstico en Los Llanos de Ifara, Granadilla, Tenerife

<p class="VARAbstract"><strong>Extended Abstract:</strong></p><p class="VARAbstract">In the archaeology of the Canary Islands (Spain), there are many studies based on the usage of new technologies to contribute to the identification and description of rock art engravings through high-resolution digital models (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Mart%C3%ADn_2005">Martín, 2005</a>; <a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Mart%C3%ADn_2007">Martín, Velasco, González & Ramírez, 2007;</a> <a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Senen_2016">Senén & Cuenca, 2016</a>; <a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Navarro_2019">Navarro & Cancel, 2019</a>). This paper is supported by these documentation techniques and digital analysis in order to deepen into the characterization of the damaged rock art station Casa del Samarín (House of Samarín), or Tagoro del Rey, in Los Llanos de Ifara, south of the island of Tenerife (Figs. 1). Twenty-one panels conserved in situ were documented (Fig. 6). Geometric-linear, geometric with an oval and rectangular trend and figurative ones can be distinguished. The blocks <a title="" href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a> that compose the engravings station belong to a rocky basalt outcrop, to which other free-standing blocks are attached, forming a circle. The shape that describes this set of blocks is defined as a "cabin" or circular-shaped structure.</p><p class="VARAbstract">This set of engravings, made on a basalt rocky outcrop with a planar factory, show a tendency to suffer from exfoliation and are affected by internal stresses. The intrinsic characteristics of this stone support, together with their exposure to anthropic actions and strong insolation, condition its fragility, with the risk of losing part of the representations that it houses. Given the threat posed by its gradual deterioration, we seek to ensure its digital preservation through precision three-dimensional (3D) records, the engravings inventory, the record of their conservation state and the understanding of the degradation processes that are affecting the outcrop. What has been explained will be addressed quarterly, to observe the evolution of any material changes every three months.</p><p class="VARAbstract">The registration work consisted of taking four photogrammetric surveys in eight months; the surveys were georeferenced by means of a centimetric Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and a total station. Structure from Motion (SfM) technology enabled the researchers to generate high-precision 3D models in an affordable way, not only in terms of cost but also ease of use. Digital copies with Geographic Information System GIS technology were extracted from them, being exportable in shapefile format (Fig. 7).</p><p class="VARAbstract">As regards the documentation of existing pathologies, assuming standardized lexicon and classification criteria (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#IPCE_2013">IPCE, 2013</a>), together with a rigorous information systematization, was key for achieving agile handling of the data collected and for facilitating monitoring tasks (Fig. 8). Damage maps were created for collecting the location and scope of the alterations. The complex volumetry of the outcrop and the varied orientation of the panels marked the need to resort to 3D editing so that all their faces could be properly registered (Fig. 10). This project was performed with a 3D design program, Blender®. </p><p class="VARAbstract">Thanks to an imaging analysis process, internal textures of 3D models also provided relevant graphic support for the pictographic content and the conservation state (Figs. 11 & 14). DStretch® (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Harman_2008">Harman, 2008</a>), a plugin implemented in the scientific image processing software ImageJTM, was used for this purpose. To conclude, researchers relied on CloudCompare (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Girardeau_2015">Girardeau-Montaut, 2015</a>), an advanced 3D data processing software, to tackle a morphometric analysis that allowed us to detect the appearance of formal changes along with the recorded sequences (Figs. 12 & 15). In this process, the distances between two records, taken after six months, were computed with the Cloud to Mesh (C2M) tool, based on the Chamfer distance algorithm (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Ruiz_2016">Ruiz et al., 2016: 120</a>).</p><p>Registration file cards and damage maps clearly highlighted the main conditions: material losses (shown in orange) and breaks (in green) have affected the outcrop in a generalized way. Furthermore, sedimentary deposits (blue) are concentrated in interstices; while lichen colonies (idem) do so in the least sun-exposed areas. The use of DStretch® highlighted modern excoriations of anthropogenic origin and contributed to distinguishing recent material losses from the older ones, already affected by an incipient patina. Finally, thanks to morphological analysis, a new detachment (Fig. 15b) and a generalized displacement of exempt elements (Figs. 12 & 15) were detected. These displacements indicate outstanding manipulation, which could lead to decontextualizations or new fragmentations.</p><p>Regarding the archaeological interpretation, macroscopic observation of exempt blocks located in the vicinity of the station and the zenith representation of the immediate environment from photogrammetry, have shown that they are forming a set of attached structures (Fig. 13). The site redefinition and the diagnosis of its very weakened defensive system show the need to intensify the archaeological study of this area, so emblematic for the archaeology of the south of Tenerife, in addition to establishing preventive conservation measures that can contribute to its stabilization.</p><p class="VARAbstract"> </p><div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Geological unit of size greater than 300 mm, term standardized by the USCS (Unified Soil Classification System).</p></div></div>

Imaging diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: LI-RADS.

Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer related death worldwide, 90% being hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and about half of all HCCs estimated to occur in China. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the management of HCC. When stringent criteria are applied to at-risk populations, it enables HCCs to be diagnosed by imaging alone without further need of invasive histology confirmation. To optimize HCC imaging diagnosis and reporting, several systems have been proposed. The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS®) is currently the most comprehensive of these systems, providing guidance on all imaging-related aspects of HCC, from technique for acquisition, reporting, assessment of treatment response and management. For diagnosis, LI-RADS uses major and ancillary imaging features to assign hierarchical categories that communicate the relative probability of HCC to focal liver observations detected in patients at risk. Two LI-RADS algorithms yield high specificity and positive predictive value for HCC diagnosis on contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), CT and MRI. The standardized lexicon and interpretation provided by LI-RADS also improve inter-reader agreement for imaging features and lesion categorization. Additionally, a LI-RADS treatment response algorithm (LR-TR) provide imaging criteria for assessment of response to locoregional therapy. LI-RADS is designed for universal adoption and in this review, we highlighted the most relevant aspects of LI-RADS for the diagnosis of HCC in clinical practice and discussed areas where LI-RADS and Asian guidelines are different.

Design of an Automatic English Pronunciation Error Correction System Based on Radio Magnetic Pronunciation Recording Devices

In this paper, a system for automatic detection and correction of mispronunciation of native Chinese learners of English by speech recognition technology is designed with the help of radiomagnetic pronunciation recording devices and computer‐aided software. This paper extends the standard pronunciation dictionary by predicting the phoneme confusion rules in the language learner’s pronunciation that may lead to mispronunciation and generates an extended pronunciation dictionary containing the standard pronunciation of each word and the possible mispronunciation variations, and automatic speech recognition uses the extended pronunciation dictionary to detect and diagnose the learner’s mispronunciation of phonemes and provides real‐time feedback. It is generated by systematic crosslinguistic phonological comparative analysis of the differences in phoneme pronunciation with each other, and a data‐driven approach is used to do automatic phoneme recognition of learner speech and analyze the mapping relationship between the resulting mispronunciation and the corresponding standard pronunciation to automatically generate additional phoneme confusion rules. In this paper, we investigate various aspects of several issues related to the automatic correction of English pronunciation errors based on radiomagnetic pronunciation recording devices; design the general block diagram of the system, etc.; and discuss some key techniques and issues, including endpoint detection, feature extraction, and the system’s study of pronunciation standard algorithms, analyzing their respective characteristics. Finally, we design and implement a model of an automatic English pronunciation error correction system based on a radiomagnetic pronunciation recording device. Based on the characteristics of English pronunciation, the correction algorithm implemented in this system uses the similarity and pronunciation duration ratings based on the log posterior probability, which combines the scores of both, and standardizes this system scoring through linear mapping. This system can achieve the purpose of automatic recognition of English mispronunciation correction and, at the same time, improve the user’s spoken English pronunciation to a certain extent.

ЛЕКСИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОСТОРЕЧИЕ В СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОМ ОПИСАНИИ: СЕМАНТИКА И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ

The paper describes vernacular lexis in the speech of standard Russian Perm speakers. 20 adjectives were selected to examplify the vernacular word status: 1) expressive seme, 2) usage in many local accents. The second part of the research considers functional and stylistic features of the adjectives on their way from venacular to standard. For this purpose, data from modern standard Russian dictionaries are used. As a result, the adjectives were classified into 2 groups according to the vernacular features: 1) wide use of a lexeme in the changed word-building pattern compared to standard (word-building doublets), 2) expression. The adjectives fell into groups in the proportion of 12/8. Data analysis enabled to conclude that the process of locating a word from one variety to another demonstrates the following pattern: dialect → vernacular → standard with the variations of dialect → vernacular or vernacular → standard.

Violation of the lexical norm in the modern newspaper language

This article assesses language as a key component in the development of media linguistics. Given that the main purpose of “language criticism” is to identify and correct shortcomings, it is im-portant to critically assess both incorrect and correct options when dealing with language pro-ducts. The paper puts special emphasis on the language of the media which needs to be normative. The author explores the development of newspaper language in terms of lexical norm vio la tion in the 1920s and 1930s. This article discusses equivalents to non-normative use of words in the daily all-Ukrainian newspaper The Day, one of the most popular publications in the ranking of national media. On the basis of various monolingual dictionaries of Standard Ukrainian and bilingual Russian-Ukrainian dictionaries, the author analyzes the use of tokens/lexemes napruha ‘voltage’, vidbyvaty‘to reflect’, pizniše ‘later’ in newspaper publications. Thus, the word napruha ‘voltage’ should be used only as a technical, physical term; in other cases it is napružennia ‘tension’. When it comes to expression, reproduction, an embodiment in images, it is correct to use vidobražaty ‘to reflect, re-mind of’, viddzerkaluvaty ‘to mirror’ but not vidbyvaty ‘to reflect’. As for pizniše ‘later’, it indicates a period after the time mentioned. It differs in its lexical meaning from zhodom ‘afterwards’ (some time after something) and potim ‘later’ (happening after something, following in time or space, no clear indication of time). Keywords: non-normative use, lexeme, dictionaries, newspaper publications.

Sources and steps of corpus lemmatization

Abstract This article describes the steps and results of the lemmatization of the derived anomalous verbs of Old English. The data have been retrieved from The Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus, searched through the lexical database from the Nerthus Project called Norna. The methodology comprises several steps combining automatic searches on the lemmatizer and manual revision. Part of the results, including the verbs starting with the letters A to H, are compared with the Dictionary of Old English, while the rest of the lemmas are checked with the standard Old English dictionaries (Clark-Hall, Sweet and Bosworth-Toller). The discussion leads to the conclusion that the lemmatization of the verbs of Old English, a language with a remarkable degree of spelling variation, requires considerable manual revision. However, the progressive improvement of automatic searches, based on the comparison of the initial results with the available lexicographical sources, minimizes the need for manual adjustment.

The structure of Albanian personality descriptive trait-adjectives: A psycho-lexically based taxonomy

In this study, we describe the taxonomy of personality descriptive trait terms in the Albanian language according to the psycho-lexical procedure, in two parts. In the first part the selection of trait terms from a standard Albanian dictionary took place, largely according to standard procedures. This resulted in a useful set of 607 personality relevant terms. In the second part this list of trait terms was administered to 497 participants to obtain self-ratings. During the rating process, participants could indicate their familiarity with the terms, leading to another reduction to a final set of 434 trait terms with self-ratings. Principal Components Analysis followed by Varimax rotation was applied both using raw data and using ipsatized data. Structures with one up to seven factors were discussed and represented in a hierarchy of factor solutions. As an aid to the interpretation of the factors, use was made of markers of the Big Five, selected from the full list of 434 terms. The most comprehensive and clearest structure was found with seven factors, which included the Big Five and both Negative Valence and Positive Valence.

Development of WBS Dictionary and Checklist Based on WBS of Railway Construction for Safety Planning

Railroad construction works are common in developing or developed countries throughout the world. Railroad construction work is a complex project. Inside, there are work activities that can be disrupted due to work accidents. Work accidents that occur can be detrimental to the project. Therefore, to prevent accidents, it is necessary to develop a WBS dictionary and checklist on railroad work for OHS planning. The need for a standardized WBS dictionary and checklist of WBS in preventing work accidents is very important. This study discusses OHS planning by developing a WBS dictionary and checklist on railroad work using expert validation methods and interviews using a questionnaire with descriptive statistical analysis of data. With the development of the WBS dictionary and checklist for OHS planning, project stages will be obtained in detail that can be used to analyze work packages, specified methods, activities, and resources. So that it can reduce and even nullify the risk of work accidents (zero accidents) in the implementation of construction projects.

TransFuse: A Transform Learning Based Multisensor Fusion Framework

This letter presents a new transform learning (TL) based multisensor fusion framework referred to as TransFuse. Unlike the standard representation learning based techniques, TransFuse learns individual transforms for each sensor and fuses them using a common transform representation within a joint optimization formulation. Considering regression as a use case, both the non-kernelized and kernelized versions are presented; the solution steps for learning the transforms, coefficients, and the regression weights are provided. The performance of the proposed TransFuse is evaluated using two real-life datasets and comparisons with the standard well-known TL and dictionary learning techniques for regression are presented. The results demonstrate the superior performance of TransFuse compared to its counterparts and also show the importance of multisensor fusion.

Philosophy, Rhetoric, and Thomas Hobbes

Philosophy, Rhetoric, and Thomas Hobbes

DiCoDiLe: Distributed Convolutional Dictionary Learning.

Convolutional dictionary learning (CDL) estimates shift invariant basis adapted to represent signals or images. CDL has proven useful for image denoising or inpainting, as well as for pattern discovery on multivariate signals. Contrarily to standard patch-based dictionary learning, patterns estimated by CDL can be positioned anywhere in signals or images. Optimization techniques consequently face the difficulty of working with extremely large inputs with millions of pixels or time samples. To address this optimization problem, we propose a distributed and asynchronous algorithm, employing locally greedy coordinate descent and a soft-locking mechanism that does not require a central server. Computation can be distributed on a number of workers which scales linearly with the size of the data. The parallel computation accelerates the parameter estimation and the distributed setting allows our algorithm to be used with data that do not fit into a single computer's RAM. Experiments confirm the theoretical scaling properties of the algorithm. This allows to demonstrate an improved pattern recovery as images grow in size, and to learn patterns on images from the Hubble Space Telescope containing tens of millions of pixels.

Study of Language Change by the Promotion of Informal Language, Orthography and Words with Multiple Meanings on Facebook

Facebook has promoted the use of informal language among both teens and adults. This social website has resulted in the deterioration of orthographic knowledge of both age groups due to the use of non-standard spellings. This social media engine has also contributed to the destruction of the word knowledge of users. Most of the users are aware of the context in which the English words are employed on Facebook but are unaware of their standard dictionary meanings. All these factors combine in effecting the formal academic writing and social interaction of these users. This research aims at finding out the language change due to the use of informal language, orthography, and words with multiple meanings on Facebook. The study has investigated the corrosion of the formal language of Facebook users. The current study was conducted by following the mixed-method approach in a way that twenty Facebook public pages, administrated by teens and adults were analyzed and also survey questionnaire filled by Intermediate and Graduate students. The results showed that teens are an easy victim of this up-thrust of technology as compared to adults. The results of the study gave a visual display of the effect of orthography by the use of informal language and the words with multiple meanings on social interactions and formal writing of both teens and adults.

ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІДІОСТИЛЮ ДЕНА БРАУНА (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ НОМІНАТИВНОГО ПРОСТОРУ СФЕРИ МИСТЕЦТВА)

The article is a study of linguo-stylistic devices characteristic of the description of notions related to the field of art in Dan Brown’s idiostyle. In our research we systematized a number of theoretical views on the idiostyle as a whole system and its individual aspects related to the concepts of "linguistic personality", represented in verbal and non-verbal forms. In the paper the idiostyle is defined as a holistic system of visual aids that structures and represents individual knowledge about the world as well as reflects the national specificity of the world perception. In examining the linguistic grounds of the study of the author’s idiostyle, it is found out that idiostyle is a special component of the stylistic system of the language of a literary text, which consists of a set of linguistic and expressive means that perform an aesthetic function and distinguish the writer’s language. The paper points out that the nominative field in Dan Brown’s idiostyle represented in Robert Langdon book series is a complex structurally meaningful, multidimensional verbalized formation that is also rated as a verbal embodiment of the author’s creative potential. Despite being based on the standard lexicon of the linguistic society, Dan Brown’s thesaurus still has its differences. First of all, it is significantly influenced by the linguistic preferences and habits of the author, as well as genre-thematic and ideological originality. In addition, a number of extralingual factors prove to be an important component of the writer’s nominative field, namely: the presence of a technological component and informativeness of works, geographical environment, mystery, anthropocentrism, communication with the reader and inocultural environment. All these factors affect the choice and use of thematic lexical units and certain stylistic devices with the purpose to intensify the text’s communicative-and-pragmatic effect on the recipient. As a result, the analyzed works consist of the following stylistic elements: toponyms, chromatonyms, anthroponyms, terms, realia, as well as metaphors and similes.

Distortion-free 3D diffusion imaging of the prostate using a multishot diffusion-prepared phase-cycled acquisition and dictionary matching.

To achieve three-dimensional (3D) distortion-free apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for prostate imaging using a multishot diffusion prepared-gradient echo (msDP-GRE) sequence and ADC dictionary matching. The msDP-GRE sequence is combined with a 3D Cartesian, centric k-space trajectory with center oversampling. Oversampled k-space center averaging and phase cycling are used to address motion- and eddy current-induced magnitude corruption. Extended-phase-graph (EPG) simulations and ADC dictionary matching are used to compensate for T1 effects. To shorten the acquisition time, each volume is undersampled by a factor of two and reconstructed using iterative sensitivity encoding. The proposed approach is characterized using simulations and validated in a kiwifruit phantom, comparing the msDP-GRE ADC maps obtained using both standard monoexponential fitting and dictionary matching with the clinical standard single-shot diffusion weighted-echo planar imaging (ssDW-EPI) ADC. Initial in vivo feasibility is tested in three healthy subjects, and geometric distortion is compared with anatomical T2 -weighted-turbo spin echo. In the kiwifruit phantom experiment, the signal magnitude could be recovered using k-space center averaging and phase cycling. No statistically significant difference was observed in the ADC values estimated using msDP-GRE with dictionary matching and clinical standard DW-EPI (P < .05). The in vivo prostate msDP-GRE scans were free of geometric distortion caused by off-resonance susceptibility, and the ADC values in the prostate were in agreement with values found in the published literature. Nondistorted 3D ADC maps of the prostate can be achieved using a msDP sequence and dictionary matching.

Introducing INSTRuCT: An international effort to promote cooperation and data sharing.

Pediatric oncology is justifiably proud of its long tradition of multi-institutional collaboration in clinical research. Perhaps no other field of medicine has more effectively shown what can be achieved by pooling talent and resources to study challenging diseases. Historically, most collaborative projects were limited to a single country or continent. However, more progress comes from even broader international cooperation. With rare cancers, this may be the only way to gather sufficient patient numbers to address key questions. Sharing national experiences can also lead to a deeper understanding of the advantages and risks associated with different therapeutic approaches. The first steps to increased global cooperation, however, is agreeing on a common language to describe patient cohorts and consensus standards to guide diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. Applying these lofting goals to pediatric soft tissue sarcomas, the INternational Soft Tissue SaRcoma ConsorTium (INSTRuCT) was born.From its initial formative meeting in May 2017, INSTRuCT has patterned its structure and purpose on the successful model of the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG).1,2 The membership of INSTRuCT is composed of three large cooperative clinical trials organizations: Children’s Oncology Group (COG), Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS), and European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG). The first goal for INSTRuCT is to develop an international risk stratification system for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) to replace competing systems used in Europe and North America. A common RMS risk stratification system would facilitate the comparison of clinical trial results across cooperative groups. Before generating a RMS risk stratification system, INSTRuCT agreed upon a standard RMS data dictionary, leveraging the University of Chicago’s Pediatric Cancer Data Commons expertise in data standardization.3 The compilation of COG, CWS, and EpSSG data (and data from their legacy groups) from finished studies into a single INSTRuCT dataset is nearly complete, and will include more than 7000 patients enrolled on previous RMS clinical trials. Once the RMS risk stratification project is finished, INSTRuCT will mine its dataset for answers to questions that can only be addressed with large, well-annotated clinical data. Future work will also include expanding the RMS data dictionary and adding a non-RMS soft tissue sarcoma dataset, also drawn from COG, CWS, and EpSSG clinical trials.As the multi-disciplinary members of INSTRuCT were defining their RMS data dictionary, they realized they had the opportunity to develop international consensus statements on the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. Clinical trial protocols include guidelines for pathologic diagnosis, imaging staging evaluation, and local control approaches with surgery and radiation therapy varied by primary anatomic site. INSTRuCT provided the forum for international discussion and consensus building, with the goal of publishing these expert opinions for broad dissemination and use by pediatric oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists worldwide. In this issue of Pediatric Blood & Cancer, Morris et al. publish the one of first in a series of consensus statements from INSTRuCT, focusing on the surgical management in the diagnosis and local control of RMS arising in the extremity.4 Morris et al. outline recommended biopsy approaches, the rational for routine use of regional lymph node evaluation including the role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and the decision-making behind up-front versus delayed primary excision. The recommendations are guided by the principles of maximizing oncologic outcome while maintaining extremity function. Given the rarity of extremity RMS and the absence of randomized trials comparing different management strategies, Morris et al. draw upon a combination of clinical data and expert opinion in their consensus guidelines, carefully documenting the level of evidence that supports each of their recommendations. Nonetheless, these guidelines represent the current state of the art for surgical management of extremity RMS and the basis for future clinical trial recommendations. A similar consensus statement on RMS of the female genital tract has also been published in Pediatric Blood & Cancer, by Lautz et al.5 With these two consensus statements, the INSTRuCTPediatric Blood & Cancer special series is off to an excellent start, with manuscripts on the surgical management for other primary sites and the pathologic evaluation of RMS to follow soon. As INSTRuCT co-chairs, we are pleased to introduce INSTRuCT to the global pediatric oncology community and look forward to many more contributions to come.

Development of dictionary and checklist based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) at seaport project construction for cost estimation planning

A construction project consists of many activities. To be more easily managed, activities are divided into smaller called work packages. The elements of construction project work are relatively similar, and these can be standardized and used as a basis for a universal program for construction project. The WBS standards can be developed into a dictionary and checklist that will help the project planning process and is expected to minimize the occurrence of cost management errors on the project. The purpose of this research is to develop a dictionary and checklist standard based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for planning cost estimates for seaport project construction, identifying sources that can potentially have an impact on a project’s cost overrun. This research method uses a survey method to seaport expert’s validation and interviews using questionnaires to find the WBS-based dictionary and checklist standards. This research is expected to be a standard reference dictionary and checklist based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) at seaport construction projects for cost estimation planning. The importance of this research to knowledge is to know the steps of construction work especially at seaport project and to know WBS dictionary and checklist as a format that can be used as a reference base and easy-to-understand guide for seaport project, which provide work methods, activities, and resources.

A Mead Aroma Wheel and Lexicon

Summary Goals: Mead is experiencing a revival in the United States, and the number of meaderies has grown significantly in the past decade. Despite this industry growth, mead sensory studies are limited and focus on experimental samples and hedonic assessments. The aim of this study was to create a lexicon to standardize the language used to describe mead attributes and to create a mead aroma wheel for use as an assistive tool for mead judges, producers, and consumers. Key Findings: A trained panel developed a lexicon of seventy-five aroma, five basic taste, and six mouthfeel sensation terms to describe commercial mead. Reference standards for each attribute were included for consistency and reproducibility. An open-access Traditional Mead Aroma Wheel organizes seventy-five aroma descriptors into a visual tool with suggestions for a standardized mead evaluation Impact and Significance: Terms used to describe mead sensory attributes vary based on industry role, experience, and, in the case of mead competitions, scoresheets. A standardized lexicon is proposed as a method of unifying terms for mead description regardless of expertise. This lexicon was adapted into a visual tool, the Traditional Mead Aroma Wheel, to aid in mead evaluation during production, at competitions, and in the taproom.

Assessing discourses about controversial environmental management issues on social media: Tweeting about wild horses in a national park

Public participation is critical for planning and management of protected areas. With people increasingly using social media, including Twitter, to obtain news and express opinions, park agencies should recognize the utility of monitoring and engaging with this public discourse. We used a conservation culturomics approach to analyse Tweets during a period of controversy about the management of large mammals (horses) in a park (Kosciuszko National Park in Australia), including examining who talked about what, when and what emotions were expressed. An automated programming interface was used to collect metadata for Tweets about the Park, with keywords coded while sentiments and emotions were analysed using a standard lexicon of terms. The debate over introduced wild/feral horses in the Park dominated the discourse, accounting for 56% of the 2085 Tweets referring by name to the Park over 275 days. Many Tweets referred to horses (44.8%) and/or used the alternative term, brumbies (15%). They were more likely to be Retweets, be sent by Australians, with a potential reach of over 5 million followers. Peaks in Tweets related to specific events in the news, with Tweets sent by journalists and others in a professional capacity or specific organisations engaged in the debate more likely to be retweeted. Despite considerable polarisation in the broader debate, including in the traditional media and on other social media platforms, the discourse on Twitter focused mainly on the environmental impacts of horses, and ways to reduce their numbers, rather than wanting to keep horses in the Park. There are important issues with the use of Twitter data including challenges in identifying relevant Tweets, biases in who Tweets and what is retweeted, limited text in Tweets, and increasing focus of the rights to privacy online. Twitter, however, remains a relatively fast, timely and often free way to listen into public debate with a large potential audience, is simple to analyse and hence provides valuable insights into public reactions to park management decisions complementing other data sources.