Standard Deviation Of Pretest Research Articles

Impact of reflection writing on the learning ability of Indian medical students.

Reflective writing develops meta-cognition among students. Therefore, it is of interest to compare effectiveness of post lecture reflective writing to didactic lecture between individual and group reflective writing. Hence, we included 124 first-year students from AIIMS Bhopal, India and divided them in two groups of 62 students. Both groups took a pre-test using a reflection questionnaire. Students were taught reflective writing. Both groups attended physiology lectures on two different topics. First lecture on body fluids where Group A wrote reflections individually and Group B did so in sub-groups (B1 to B6). After another lecture on Pathophysiology of oedema, Group A wrote reflections in groups and Group B wrote individually (A1 to A6). Both groups took a test in the form of MCQ about reflective writing on lectures. After intervention both groups took a post-test using a reflection questionnaire. Mean and standard deviation of Pre-test is 3.86 ± 0.86 and Post-test is 7.58 ± 1.01, respectively. The Mean and standard deviation of reflection who wrote individually is 38.05 ± 4.41 and in group is 27.45 ± 3.93, respectively with p-value < 0.05. Evaluation of students who wrote reflection in groups after second lecture the mean and standard deviation of reflection who wrote individually is 38.22 ± 4.64 and in group is 27.03 ± 2.87 respectively with p-value < 0.05. The performance of students who wrote reflection in groups is not satisfactory as compared to students who wrote their reflection individually.

A Study to Evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Depression Awareness among teachers in selected colleges of Rajkot

A pre- experimental study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding depression awareness among college teachers of selected colleges at Rajkot. The objectives of the study were (a) To assess the depression awareness among teachers. (b) To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on depression awareness. (c) To find out the association between selected demographical variables with knowledge scores of depression awareness programme. The research approach selected for the study was quantitative research approach and pre-experimental research design – one group pre-test post-test design. The study was conducted at selected college at Rajkot. Total 60 samples were selected sample setting based on non-probability purposive sampling. The researcher used structured questionnaire for data collection regarding demographic variables and pre-test. As a part of intervention structured teaching programme was carried out on depression awareness among college teachers. The post-test score was measured with the same questionnaire after 07 days. The collected data were analyzed by using inferential statistical method t-test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of STP on the level of knowledge regarding depression awareness among college teachers. It revealed that there was significant improvement in the quality of life and increase the knowledge of depression awareness with the application of STP in the samples. It revealed the mean difference was 6.6, standard deviation of pre-test was 5.12, standard deviation of post-test was 7.59, and standard error was 0.7700734. The obtained ’t’-test value for the level of knowledge (-7.99) that was highly significant at p&lt;0.05 level hence the hypothesis was accepted. It is inferred that STP was effective in increase the knowledge regarding depression awareness and improving the quality of life among college teachers at selected college at Rajkot.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Level of Knowledge Regarding Menstrual Blood Stem Cell Banking among Staff Nurses Working at Selected Hospitals of Valsad District

Introduction: Menstrual blood stem cell banking allows women to store their menstrual blood under suitable conditions and preserve it for future use. Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on the level of knowledge among staff nurses working at selected hospitals of the Valsad district. Methodology: Quantitative approach with a pre-experimental research design by one-group pre-test and post-test was used. A total of 100 staff nurses were selected for data collection. Self-structured questionnaires were used to assess level of knowledge and association with socio-demographic variables. After conducting a pre-test, a structured teaching program on menstrual blood stem cell banking was administered to the participants and post-test was conducted after a relapse of seven days. Results: Overall level of knowledge in Pre-test shows that 9% had average knowledge and 91% had poor knowledge and none had good knowledge. In Post-test, None of the Staff Nurse is had poor knowledge, 61% of had average knowledge and 39% had good knowledge regarding Menstrual blood stem cell banking. This present study shows the Mean of Pre-test was 6.36 and significantly improved to 17.42 in Post-test with the mean difference of 11.06. The standard deviation of Pre-test was 3.76 and Post-test was 2.4. The computed value of t= 25.04 which is greater than the table value of t= 1.645 at the level of p at 0.05. There was a significant association between the pre-test knowledge score of staff nurses and selected socio-demographic variables, including educational status and previous knowledge about menstrual blood stem cell banking by chi- square method. Conclusion: The study concluded that the structured teaching program is effective in improving the level of knowledge of staff nurses regarding menstrual blood stem cell banking.

Building up Students’ Reading Comprehension Through Strategy Using Authentic Materials at Senior High School

Building up Students’ Reading Comprehension through Peer Review Strategy using Aunthentic Materials at SMP Negeri 10 Palopo. The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of Peer Review Strategy using Aunthentic Materials in teaching reading comprehension at SMP Negeri 10 Palopo. The researcher applied pre-experimental design. The population of this research was the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 10 Palopo. The total number of population was 247 students. In determining the sample, the researcher used cluster random sampling technique and the researcher took 24 students as sample. The instrument of this research were reading test. The result of the research shows that the use of Peer Review strategy using Authentic materials is effective in teching reading comprehension. It is proven that the mean score of the pre-test is 53.08 and the mean score of the post-test is 70.96. The standard deviation of pre-test is 16.795 and the standard deviation of post-test is 15.730. While t-test = 0,000, (α) = 0.05. It means that t-test is smaller than (α), so there is a significant different between pre-test and post-test of students reading comprehension before and after the researcher gave the treatment. It is showed that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, while the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. Therefore, it can be conculded that Peer Review Starategy in Authentic Materials is effective in teaching reading comprehension.

A Study to Assess the effectiveness of Laughter Therapy on Stress among Senior Citizens residing in selected old age homes at Rajkot District

The present study was to assess the effectiveness of laughter therapy on level of stress among senior citizen residing in ‘Sadbhavna old age home’ at Rajkot. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of laughter therapy on level of stress among senior citizen residing in selected old age homes. A Quasi-experimental one group pre-test and post-test group design was chosen for the study without randomization. The samples were selected for the study by adopting purposive sampling technique. The sample selected for the present study was decided to be 30. The data collected by structured interview with Rating scale – Perceived stress scale administrated to assess the level of stress among senior citizens residing in selected age homes. The tool was used to collect the data which consist of two parts. Part -I: Consist of demographic variables of senior citizens. Part-II : Rating scale – Perceived stress scale. The content of the Rating scale- Perceived stress scale were checked and evaluated by 5 experts. The experts were five nursing experts specialized in Mental Health Nursing. The data collected were analysed through descriptive (mean, frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (‘t’ test and Chi- square) to test the hypothesis. Study shows that pre-test level of stress among selected 30 samples of senior citizen with stress residing in old age homes, reported 08(26.67%) High perceived stress, 19(63.33%) Moderate stress and 03(10%) reported on low stress. The pre test reported 08 (26.67%) high perceived stress and 19(63.33%) Moderate stress and 03(10%) reported on low stress. After the laughter therapy on stress among senior citizens 23(76.67%) reported Moderate level, 07(23.33) reported low level of stress and there was nil reported on high perceived stress. It also revealed that the mean score of pre test was and post test was 15.33. The Mean difference was 11.7. The standard deviation of pre test was 4.82 and post test was3.04. Degree of freedom (df) was 29. The obtained ‘t’ value 11.23. Hence it was highly significant p&lt;0 With regard to association with stress with their selected demographic variables Age, Gender, Marital status, Source of income, Presence of any physical problem, Pattern of communication with the family member, and Practice of any relaxation therapies had the significant association with the level of stress among senior citizen residing in selected old age homes. The study shows that the calculated Chi-square value is more than the tabulated value at the level of 0.05 for the demographic variables such as Gender, Presence of any physical problem, use of any relaxation therapy exercise. For the other demographic variables such as Age, Marital status, source of income and patterns of communication with family the Chi-square value is less than the tabulated value at the level of 0.05., thus stated hypothesis H2 is accepted which shows there is significant association between effectiveness of laughter therapy on level of stress among senior citizen mnemonic and selected demographic variables.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation among B.Sc Nursing Students at Cherraan’s College of Nursing, Coimbatore District

Introduction: Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency lifesaving procedure that is done when someone’s breathing or heart beat has stopped. Aim: To assess the knowledge of nursing students on cardio pulmonary resuscitation. Methods and Tools: A quantitative research approach was used in this study. The design was quasi experimental research design. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the effectiveness of planned video assisted teaching program on cardio pulmonary resuscitation among basic B.Sc. nursing students. Results: The standard deviation of pretest was 2.599 and posttest was 2.284. The paired “t” test was used to compare the pretest and posttest level of knowledge among basic B.Sc. nursing students. The calculated “t” value was 17.84 which were greater than the tabulated “t” value (p&lt;0.05 level of significance). This showed that there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest level of knowledge. Hence, the stated hypothesis (H1) was accepted. Discussion: Knowledge regarding cardio pulmonary resuscitation after a planned video assisted teaching program shows a significant (p&lt;0.05) result when compared to the pretest knowledge and hence hypothesis was proved. This shows the effectiveness of planned video assisted teaching program is improving the knowledge for nursing students. The study was concluded that the planned video assisted teaching program on knowledge regarding cardio pulmonary resuscitation is highly effective. Since it is easy to understand and effective program, which improves the knowledge of nursing students.

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BOX BREATHING ON PAIN AMONG POST OPERATIVE PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF GANDHINAGAR

A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of box-breathing on pain among post operative patients in selected hospitals of Gandhinagar. The study was conducted among post operative patients in selected areas of Gandhinagar. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of box breathing on pain among post-operative patients in selected hospitals of Gandhinagar. The general system model was used as conceptual framework. A quantitative approach with quasi experimental study design was used to achieve the objective of the study. The result shows that box breathing given to the post-operative patients in experimental group, the level of pain was minimized which was assessed by standardized numerical pain rating scale. In experimental group the pre-test mean is 6.08 and the post-test mean is 3, the mean difference was 3.08, standard deviation of pretest was 1.25 and of posttest was 1.38 which showing that level of pain was minimized. In control group, the pretest mean is 6.24 and the posttest is 4.96, the mean difference is 1.28, standard deviation of pretest is 1.45 and of posttest is 1.81. Calculated t value is 5.51 which is more than table value at 0.05 level of significance. So null hypothesis is rejected and research hypothesis is accepted which showing effectiveness of box breathing exercise. This study therefore, offers an encouraging solution towards improvement of post operative patients condition and change in pain score after providing box breathing exercise. The study intends to assess the effectiveness of box breathing on pain among post operative patients in selected hospitals of Gandhinagar. The study reveals that the post test pain score is lower than the pretest pain score.

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRADIALYTIC EXERCISE ON MUSCLE STRENGTHENING OF HEMODIALYTIC PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF GANDHINAGAR

A Quasi-experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of intradialytic exercise on haemodialytic patients in selected areas of Gandhinagar. The study was conducted among the haemodialytic patients group in selected areas of Gandhinagar. The main aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intradialytic exercise on haemodialytic patients in selected areas of Gandhinagar. The general system model was used as conceptual framework. A quantitative approach with Quasi experimental study design was used to achieve the objective of the study. The study samples considered of 50 haemodialytic patients in selected hospitals of Gandhinagar. The observational checklist was used to assist the effectiveness of intradialytic on haemodialytic patients in selected areas of Gandhi The result shows that intradialytic exercise given to the haemodialytic patients in experimental group, the muscle strengthening improved which was assessed by observational checklist. In the experimental group, the pretest mean is 8.08 and posttest is 10.6, the mean difference was 2.52, standard deviation of pre-test was 1.87 and of posttest was 3.05 which showing that level of muscle strengthening was improved. In control group, the pre-test mean is 7.4 and the post-test is 7.12, the mean difference is 0.28, standard deviation of pre-test is 1.83 and of post-test is 1.94. Calculated value is 3.83 which is more than table value at level of 0.05 level of significance which showing effectiveness of intradialytic exercise. This study therefore, offers an encouraging solution towards improvement of muscle weakness and level of muscle strengthening score after administration of intradialytic exercise.nagar. The study intends to assess the effectiveness of intradialytic exercise on haemodialytic patients in selected areas of Gandhinagar. The study reveals that the post-testscore of haemodialytic patients on muscle strengthening is higher in the experimental group than the control group. It shows that Intradialytic exercise is more effective in experimental group so Null hypotheses is rejected and research hypotheses is accepted.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation among B.sc Nursing Students at Cherraan’s College of Nursing Coimbatore District

Introduction: Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency lifesaving procedure that is done when someone’s breathing or heart beat has stopped. Aim To assess the knowledge of nursing students on cardio pulmonary resuscitation. Methods and Tools: A quantitative research approach was used in this study. The design was quasi experimental research design. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the effectiveness of planned video assisted teaching program on cardio pulmonary resuscitation among basic B.Sc. nursing students. Results: The standard deviation of pretest was 2.599 and posttest was 2.284. The paired “t” test was used to compare the pretest and posttest level of knowledge among basic B.Sc. nursing students. The calculated “t” value was 17.84 which were greater than the tabulated “t” value (p&lt;0.05 level of significance). This showed that there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest level of knowledge. Hence, the stated hypothesis (H1) was accepted.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching (VAT) on Knowledge of Environmental Hygiene in Rural Community

Introduction : Environmental hygiene is a major public health issue in Indian community. Knowledgeon environmental hygiene in rural community is one of the most effective ways to solve this publichealth issues. The aim of this the study is to assess the effectiveness of video assisting teaching (VAT) onknowledge of environmental hygiene among rural community This paper discusses teaching interventionand implementation strategies related to environmental hygiene in Indian emphasizes to prioritize itaccording to the need of the country. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of video assisting teaching (VAT)on knowledge of environmental hygiene among rural community Materials and methods: Quantitativeexperimental approach (pretest posttest one group design) was applied to find out the effectiveness of videoassisted teaching (VAT) on knowledge of environmental hygiene in rural community. Convenience samplingtechnique used to select the 150 sample for the study. Results: Average pretest score was 12.45 and posttestscore was 20.54 where the standard deviation of pretest is 3.30 and posttest is 2.53. Range of pretest scoreis 4 – 20. After video assisted teaching, the range of posttest is 11 – 26 (median of pretest is 13 and posttestmedian is 21). There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge score of 8.9, sowe support and accept alternate hypothesis. Conclusion: Video Assisting Teaching (VAT) is an effectivemethod to teach the people of rural community.

USING SONG TO IMPROVE VOCABULARY MASTERY FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

The purpose of this reseach is to know how the use song to improve the students’ vocabulary mastery in learning English for elementary school students. The population of this research is SD Lebak Gede it consist thirty student. To analyzed the data the research using SPSS versi 17.0. The test of normality is feris step to know the data is normality distributed. Kolmogorov-smirnov test was used in this research, it can be seen the significant of Kolmogorov-smirnov from pretest was 0.36 and posttest was 0.30 is higher than 0.50. It means that the data is normality distributed. The t-observed of pretest is 21.921 and t-observed of posttest was 56.550. The degree of freedom (df) 29 is 1.691. It means that t-observed of this research is higher than the t-table. The significance (2-tailed) of the data was 0.000 is lower than 0.05. It menas that the data of pretest and posttest is significant. Minimum score pretest was 30 and the maximum score pretest was 80, and the minimum score of posttest was 70 and maximum of posttest was 100. The mean of pretest score 54.60 and the mean of posttest was 81.07. The standard deviation of pretest was 13.642 and standar deviation of posttest was 7.852. It means, the data was improvement. Found that teaching vocabulary mastery using song for elementary school is effective. Keywords: Teaching Vocabulary, Using Song

Opthalmic Exercises on Myopia

Ophthalmic exercise is massage method that aims at promoting students awareness of eye production, improving blood circulation and relaxing muscles in ocular region, reducing the eye strain of students with myopia. The aim of the study to identify the effect of ophthalmic exercise among students with myopia at selected college Coimbatore. Quasi experimental one group pretest and post test research design was adopted in this study. The samples were selected using Non probability purposive sampling technique. Among 35 samples, 23 samples were Iyear, four samples were IIyear and eight samples were III year. The level of knowledge among students with myopia was assessed using self structured questionnaire before and after ophthalmic exercise. Ophthalmic exercise were demonstrated by using flashcard and slide projector and students continued to practice the exercises for 15 minutes twice a day for one week. The duration of exercise was 20 minutes. The level of eye strain was assessed by using asthenopic symptoms scale before and after intervention. It was identified that the mean level of knowledge among students with myopia during pre test and post test was 13.6 and 16.08 respectively with the standard deviation of pre test and post test was 0.64 and 1.59 respectively. The calculated ‘t’ value 10.75 was greater than the table value 1.96 at 0.05 level of significance. It was identified that the mean level of eye strain among students during pretest and post test was 4.08 and 2 respectively with a standard deviation of pre test and post test was 2.01 and 1.19 respectively. The calculated ‘t’ value 5.94 was greater than the table value 1.96 at 0.001 Level of significance. Hence it was concluded that ophthalmic exercises is an effective intervention in reducing the level of eye strain among students with myopia.

Utilizing Sulawesi Folktales Into The Teaching Of Reading Comprehension

Utilizing local wisdom into the teaching process has been a national agenda in Indonesia Curriculum today but it commonly pay less attention by the teacher including EFL teachers. Meanwhile Indonesia is well known for its diversity of local wisdom. Local wisdom in this case included folktales. This research was done in order to find out whether or not the utilization of Sulawesi folktales into the teaching of reading comprehension is effective. This research applied quantitative method obtained through pre-test – treatment – post-test. The subjects of this research were the fourth semester students of English Language Education Study Program of Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo. After having data analysis, then the researcher come to the conclusion that the utilization of Sulawesi folktales into the teaching of reading comprehension is effective to improve the students’ reading comprehension. It is proofed through the mean score of the pretest (5.05) and the mean score of the posttest (7.30). The standard deviation of pretest is 1.27 and the posttest is 0.97, while t-test is 0.001, (α) = 0.05.

A study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching programme on knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices among children (8–10 years) in a selected school at Rajkot, Gujarat.

Health is a fundamental human right. It is central to the concept of quality of life. Today's children are tomorrow's leader. They form 38%-40% of our world population. One of the major health care concept faced by these promises of future are oral health problems, more commonly dental caries. The higher concentration of health care facilities in urban areas of India prevents the rural population from receiving proper health care facilities in time. This is a major concern of health care services in developing countries including India. Adding to, this illiteracy, poverty and over growing population made it difficult to render better health care services to all. Hence prevention seems to be the only solution in promoting oral health and there by the overall health. A Quantitative research approach with Pre-Experimental One group pre-test, post-test design was adopted for this study. The conceptual frame work for this study was based on J.W. Kenny's open system model. The study had been conducted in St. Paul school, Rajkot. A total of 50 3rd and 4th standard students were selected as sample by using non-probability purposive sampling technique which means, selection of the most readily available students as participants in a study. Data were collected by using demographic variables and structured set of questioner. Collected data was analyzed by the descriptive and inferential methods. Here the Mean, Mean difference, Standard deviation (SD), Calculated and tabulated ‘t’ test value of pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of school going children regarding oral hygiene practices. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 11.07 and the mean post-test knowledge score was 17.37. The mean difference is 9.57. The Standard deviation of pre-test is 2.27 and that of post-test is 2.36. calculated ‘t’ test value (42.04) is greater than tabulated ‘t’ value (2.66) value at 0.001 level of highly significance which was statistically proved, as stated in hypothesis at the level of p<0.001.

Increasing Vocabulary Through Translation Of Indonesian Short Story Into English (A Case Study At Sman 1 Watampone)Increasing Vocabulary Through Translation Of Indonesian Short Story Into English (A Case Study At Sman 1 Watampone)

The objective of the research is to find out whether or not translating of Indonesian short story into English is able to improve students’ vocabulary. The writer employed experimental method, which applied one group pre-test, treatment, and post-test design. The sample consists of 20 students taken from the second year students of SMAN 1 Watampone. The writer collected data by using translating of Indonesian short story into English. The result of the data shows that there are significant difference between pre-test and post-test. The value of post-test (76.25) is greater than in the pre-test (38.04) which the standard deviation of pre-test is (15.32) and in the post-test is (11.44) which mean that the hypothesis is accepted. Based upon the findings and discussion, the researcher concludes that the translation of Indonesian short story into English is effective to increase the students’ vocabulary.

Using Questions Box in Teaching Simple Past Tense

This research is aimed at finding out to find out whether the use of questions box effective in teaching simple past or not. This research used pre-experimental method. Furthermore, this research was conducted at Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang. There were 20 students as sample. The findings of this research show that using questions box is effective in teaching simple past tense. It was proven by the significant difference between the students’ mean score in pretest and posttest when used SPSS program. There was significant different ability of the students before giving treatment and after giving treatment. In the pretest, the mean score of the students pretest was 2.32 and the mean score of posttest was 7.52. Standard deviation of pretest was 1.42 and the standard deviation of posttest was 0.75. The researcher also found that the students have positive interest toward the use of questions box in teaching simple past tense at Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang.

USING WORD WALL PICTURE IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE AUTISM CHILDREN AT SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA NEGERI PEMBINA PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN SENTRA PK-PLK

The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness using word wall picture in Teaching Students’ Vocabulary at sekolah luar biasa negeri pembina provinsi Sulawesi Selatan SENTRA PK-PLK. This research used Pre-Experimental Design. This reseach involved 3 students, at Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Pembina Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan SENTRA PK-PLK. The independent variable of this research was (using word wall picture) and the dependent variable was (students’ vocabulary). The instrument of this research was a multiple choices test used in pre-test and post-test. The result of the data indicated that there was a significant difference between students’ pre test and post test. The mean score of posttest (91) was greater than the mean score of pre test (53.33). The standard deviation of posttest (4.89) was lower than the standard deviation of pre test (11.54). From t-test, the researcher found that the value of t-test (4.797) was higher than t-table (4.303) at the level of significance 0.05 with degree of freedom (df) =2.It means that the use of Word wall picture was effective to improve the students’ vocabulary at Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Pembina Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan SENTRA PK-PLK.