Standard Cloud Model Research Articles

Research on environmental impact assessment of ecotourism development oriented to cloud model

Abstract This paper calculates the index weights of ecotourism development environmental impact evaluation through AHP hierarchical analysis and constructs a cloud model of ecotourism development environmental impact evaluation by combining the research method of a cloud model so as to prepare for the subsequent example study of an ecotourism development environmental impact evaluation in Nanyang city. Secondly, the impact of tourism development and utilization on the quality of water bodies in the protected area is studied. In order to evaluate the impact of tourism development and utilization on water bodies in the area from various aspects, this paper analyzes the changes in water quality in the protected area from Space-time sequence. Then the above five characteristic parameters are substituted into the MATLAB software forward generator to get the ecotourism development environmental impact evaluation standard cloud model so as to derive the evaluation level of the ecotourism development environmental impact evaluation index located and summarize and analyze the impact of each index. The characteristic parameters of the cloud model are obtained: light impact (0.49.0.166,0.03), average impact (1.49,0.166,0.03), good impact (2.49,0.166.0.03), stronger impact (3.49,0.166,0.03), and strong impact (4.49,0.166,0.03), indicating that the cloud model-based method has the effect of resolving the ambiguity and randomness of comprehensive impact evaluation. This study makes the EIA process transparent and the expression of EIA results intuitive, which can better serve environmental decision-making and management.

Low carbon urban rail transit station city integration based on building information modeling and sensor fusion

In order to better play the role of information technology in the construction management of rail transit projects, we analyze the application of geographic information system (GIS) + building information modeling (BIM) technology in the construction management of rail transit projects by combining the characteristics of GIS+BIM technology and aiming at the overall improvement of project management efficiency and technical management methods. This study is mainly conducted with the support of BIM technology and sensing technology. In the design stage, carbon emissions are classified according to the source activities of building carbon emissions, and the carbon emissions in the building life cycle are quickly calculated by using BIM technology, and the design is optimized according to the analysis of the budget results. The experimental results prove that the low-carbon building evaluation standard cloud model of all-electronic computer interlocking system for urban rail transit established in this study, combined with the comprehensive weighting results, calculates the low-carbon index cloud model and comprehensive cloud model, and derives the operational safety risk level of the all-electronic computer interlocking system, and the model optimization effect is good. Practice shows that GIS+BIM technology can realize the refinement and informatization of construction management, and has a broad development space in the field of urban rail transit and urban underground space construction.

Risk Assessment of Scientific and Technological Cooperation among RCEP Countries Based on Cloud Model

Accurate risk assessment of international scientific and technological (S&T) cooperation is significant to international cooperation. In this paper, 5 risk dimensions with respect to the political, economic, social, cultural as well as technological of the regional comprehensive economic partnership countries (RCEP) are selected to establish a proper S&T cooperation index system for risk assessment. To calculate the weight of each index, a cross-entropy combination weighting method is proposed based on the combination weighting method of game theory. Furthermore, the standard cloud model is constructed by using the golden ratio, and the risk of S&T cooperation among the RCEP countries is analyzed by the cloud model. The results show that the combination weighting method proposed in this paper is effective, and its calculation is simpler than that of the game theory combination weighting method. Besides, compared with political, social, cultural, and technological indicators, economic indicators have a greater impact on S&T cooperation risk. Furthermore, it is also obtained from the results that the risk of S&T cooperation with China and the Philippines is at a lower to low level and medium to higher level, respectively, and the risk of S&T cooperation with other countries is all at a lower to medium level.

Fishing capacity evaluation of fishing vessel based on cloud model

In the evaluation problem of fishing vessel fishing capacity, the imperfect evaluation index system and the methods of evaluation indexes are mostly artificial qualitative evaluation methods, which lead to strong subjectivity and fuzziness as well as low accuracy of evaluation results. Therefore, this study introduces cloud model theory on the basis of improving the evaluation index system, converts the artificial qualitative evaluation results into the digital characteristics of clouds, realizes the mutual transformation of qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation, and improves the accuracy of evaluation results. Taking the trawler as an example, the cloud model method is used to evaluate the fishing capacity, and the result obtained is (77.1408, 1.6897, 0.0), the result obtained by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is 76.664785, and the result obtained by the cloud center of gravity evaluation method is 0.7919. Compared with the other two methods, the cloud model method uses three numerical characteristics to describe the results, and combining the different numerical characteristics meanings, the evaluation results can be judged to be accurate, and the influence of ambiguity on the results is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the evaluation results can be presented in the form of pictures, and the results are more intuitive; in addition, the cloud model of the evaluation results is compared with the standard cloud model for similarity, which improves the credibility and authenticity of the results.

Application of Uncertainty Analysis in Evaluation of Marine Engine Simulator

Aiming at the problem of fuzziness and randomness in the evaluation process of marine engine simulator, a comprehensive evaluation model based on subjective and objective combination weighting method and cloud model method is established on the basis of single subjective and objective combination weighting method. Firstly, the combined weighting method is used to determine the comprehensive weight; Then, the standard cloud model is generated by using the cloud model method, and the digital characteristics of the evaluation cloud are obtained through the sample data and cloud computing rules. The digital characteristics of the evaluation cloud are obtained by the backward cloud generator and comprehensive weight; Finally, the similarity between the generated evaluation cloud and the standard cloud model is calculated, so as to evaluate the operation of the student marine engine simulator. The example analysis shows that the evaluation method can scientifically and reasonably evaluate the crew’s operation ability, and is feasible and effective.

The Comprehensive Identification of Roof Risk in a Fully Mechanized Working Face Using the Cloud Model

Roof accidents seriously affect the safe and efficient mining of the working faces. Therefore, it is necessary to assess and identify the possible and influencing factors on the occurrence of roof risk in a fully mechanized mining workface. In this study, based on the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, a comprehensive standard cloud model was established through constructing a quantitative grade interval and calculating the weight of each index to achieve the aim of a roof risk assessment and identification. The accuracy of risk assessment was ensured by using the comprehensive analyses of various aspects, such as cloud digital features, risk assessment cloud image and standard cloud image. This showed that the main influencing factors on the occurrence of roof accidents were roof separation distance, weighting intensity and rib spalling followed by the coal body stress concentration, initial support force and geological conditions. Taking 42,115 fully mechanized working faces in the Yushen coal mining area as an engineering background, this model was adopted to assess and identify the risk of roof accidents through generating comprehensive assessment cloud images and introducing the Dice coefficient to calculate the similarity degree. The results showed that the overall risk of roof accidents in 42,115 working faces was regarded as grade II (general risk) through the overall index of comprehensive risk evaluation and a similarity degree of 0.8606. The impact of roof condition was mainly influenced by the risk of roof accidents, while the support status, personal working status and coal body condition had a limited effect on the risk of roof accidents. The comprehensive standard cloud model proposed in this study had strong visibility and discovered the key parts of risk indexes easily to solve the problems of ambiguity and quantitative identification in traditional roof risk evaluation methods. Therefore, this model was worth promoting, because it laid the foundation for the intelligent identification and early warning system of roof accident risk in a fully mechanized mining workface.

An improved FAHP-cloud-based security risk assessment model for airborne networks

In connection with problems such as difficulty in the objective and accurate calculation of the index weight in the security risk assessment of an airborne network, as well as a unitary assessment result and poor descriptiveness, a risk assessment method for airborne network security based on an improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)-cloud model has been proposed. First, the particularity of the airborne network is taken into account to establish an index system for the risk assessment of airborne network security. the traditional FAHP, information entropy is introduced to calculate the comprehensive weight, which is subsequently combined with the cloud model theory to construct an actual integrated cloud model. By calculating the degree of similarity between the actual integrated cloud model and the standard cloud model, the risk levels of airborne network security are determined. The simulation experiments show that this method can reflect the objectivity of the index weight, make the assessment results more visual and reliable, and fully reflect the fuzziness and randomness in the assessment.

Assessment of Bridge Construction Safety Risk based on Improved Cloud Model

In order to solve the problems of fuzziness and randomness of assessment in bridge construction safety risk, the method of bridge construction safety risk assessment based on cloud model and uncertain analytic hierarchy process was put forward. Firstly, the characteristics of bridge construction were analyzed, and combining with engineering practice, the index system of construction safety risk assessment was established. Secondly,standard cloud model for bridge construction safety risk assessment was proposed through improved cloud model generation algorithm, and fuzzy value of index weight were converted into accurate value by uncertain analytic hierarchy process and set pair analysis method. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation cloud map was obtained through forward cloud generator based on the weight and safety evaluation information of each construction safety risk index, and compared with the evaluation grade standard cloud, so as to determine the safety risk grade of bridge construction. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through application of Wujiagang Yangtze river bridge in Yichang. The results show that the safety risk level is "IV grade" , and it is necessary to take some risk management measures to reduce the risk.

Assessment of air quality using a cloud model method.

To effectively control air pollution, it is necessary to obtain a preliminary assessment of air quality. The purpose of this study was to introduce a cloud model method in air pollution assessment. First, the standard cloud models of air pollution indicators were obtained, and the calculating process of numerical characteristics employed by the standard cloud model was explained. Second, the levels of air pollution indicators were presented based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cloud models, which realized the uncertainty conversion between qualitative concepts and their corresponding quantitative values, as well as taking the fuzziness and randomness into account. Air quality assessment results including SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 were analysed. Third, the cloud model adopted in the assessment process of air quality was validated by grey relational analysis, and the results confirmed the validity of cloud model assessment. Fourth, the air pollution level of the air quality index (AQI) was determined, and the fuzziness and randomness of the assessment results were thoroughly analysed by taking entropy and hyper entropy into consideration. Fifth, seasonal variations in different air pollution indicators were analysed to proffer a series of recommendations for government policy decision-makers and travellers. The cloud model provided a new method for air quality assessment.

Using cloud models of heartbeats as the entity identifier to secure mobile devices

Mobile devices are extensively used to store more private and often sensitive information. Therefore, it is important to protect them against unauthorised access. Authentication ensures that authorised users can use mobile devices. However, traditional authentication methods, such as numerical or graphic passwords, are vulnerable to passive attacks. For example, an adversary can steal the password by snooping from a shorter distance. To avoid these problems, this study presents a biometric approach that uses cloud models of heartbeats as the entity identifier to secure mobile devices. Here, it is identified that these concepts including cloud model or cloud have nothing to do with cloud computing. The cloud model appearing in the study is the cognitive model. In the proposed method, heartbeats are collected by two ECG electrodes that are connected to one mobile device. The backward normal cloud generator is used to generate ECG standard cloud models characterising the heartbeat template. When a user tries to have access to their mobile device, cloud models regenerated by fresh heartbeats will be compared with ECG standard cloud models to determine if the current user can use this mobile device. This authentication method was evaluated from three aspects including accuracy, authentication time and energy consumption. The proposed method gives 86.04% of true acceptance rate with 2.73% of false acceptance rate. One authentication can be done in 6s, and this processing consumes about 2000 mW of power.

Venus’ clouds as inferred from the phase curves acquired by IR1 and IR2 on board Akatsuki

We present phase curves for Venus in the 1–2μm wavelength region, acquired with IR1 and IR2 on board Akatsuki (February–March 2011). A substantial discrepancy with the previously-published curves was found in the small phase angle range (0–30°). Through analysis by radiative-transfer computation, it was found that the visibility of larger (∼1μm or larger) cloud particles was significantly higher than in the standard cloud model. Although the cause is unknown, this may be related to the recently reported increase in the abundance of SO2 in the upper atmosphere. It was also found that the cloud top is located at ∼75km and that 1-μm particles exist above the cloud, both of these results being consistent with recent studies based on the Venus Express observations in 2006–2008. Further monitoring, including photometry for phase curves, polarimetry for aerosol properties, spectroscopy for SO2 abundance, and cloud opacity measurements in the near-infrared windows, is required in order to understand the mechanism of this large-scale change.

A Multiscale Anelastic Model for Meteorological Research

The recently reported nonhydrostatic anelastic numerical model for simulating a range of atmospheric processes on scales from micro to planetary is extended to moist processes. A theoretical formulation of moist precipitating thermodynamics follows the standard cloud models; that is, it explicitly treats the formation of cloud condensate and the subsequent development and fallout of precipitation. In order to accommodate a broad range of temporal scales, the customized numerical algorithm merges the explicit scheme for the thermodynamics with the semiimplicit scheme for the dynamics, where the latter is essential for the computational efficiency of the global model. The coarse spatial resolutions used in present global models result in a disparity between the timescales of the fluid flow and the much shorter timescales associated with phase-change processes and precipitation fallout. To overcome this difficulty the approach based on the method of averages is employed, where fast processes are evaluated with adequately small time steps (and lower accuracy) over the large time step of the model, to provide an accurate approximation to the large time step integral of fast forcings in the stiff system. This approach allows for stable integrations when cloud processes are poorly resolved and it converges to the formulation standard in cloud models as the resolution increases. The theoretical developments are tested in simulations of small-, meso-, and planetary-scale idealized moist atmospheric flows. Results from the smallscale simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach compares favorably with traditional explicit techniques used in cloud models. Planetary simulations, on the other hand, illustrate an ability to capture moist processes in low-resolution large-scale flows.

Photoionization of Disk Winds

The disk-wind model suggests that the broad emission lines of a quasar are emitted from the surface of the accretion disk feeding the central black hole. In this paper, we assume that a line-driven wind emerges from the illuminated face of the disk and calculate the line emission produced by this wind. The location and mass-loss rate of the wind are determined by the physics of the line driving. We calculate line ratios and the radius at which each line forms using a photoionization code. From the source functions, together with simple wind-radiative transfer calculations, we then calculate line profiles. The model reproduces the observed line ratios with a degree of success comparable to standard cloud models, underpredicting the flux in low-ionization lines and in N V λ1240. Using C IV to fix all the model parameters except for the line ratios, we find that the model successfully predicts the variety of line profiles seen in two PG quasars. We also present line profiles for Ne VIII that are very broad (FWHM ~ 17,000 km s-1) and predict that Mg X, while unlikely to be seen in emission, will be seen in absorption (in broad absorption line quasars). As suggested by previous authors, we find that the very broad feature seen around λ2800 and usually attributed to Mg II is actually a blend of that line, which is relatively narrow, and Fe II emission.

Surface distribution of dark clouds in M31 absorption gradient along the minor axis and in theR and? directions, II

Absorption and absorption gradient is studied along the minor axis of M31 and as a function of the angle measured from the minor axis with the center of the galaxy as origin. The radial distribution of these phenomena is studied also. The counts of dark clouds averaged over all in each case assumes periodical changes. In some cases systematic changes are shown also. The fraction of the volume occupied by these clouds is smaller by an order than that introduced by the standard cloud model.

Archimedes spiral and the surface distribution of dark clouds in M31, III

The surface distribution of dark clouds along the major and minor axes were compiled to give a general formula expressing the surface distribution along both axes simultaneously. Absorption values were determined, assuming the parameters of the standard cloud model as a function of the distance from the two-dimensional distribution of dark clouds. Iso-cloud line numbers were drawn as a function of bothX andY. Two knots appeared in the new distribution function. This may announce the beign of the spiral arms. The knots may indicate the least possible number of the dark clouds per kiloparsec beyond which spiral structure may be possible. The projected distance of the two knots on the X-axis may correspond to some spiral features found by other investigators.

Surface distribution of dark clouds in M31 absorption gradient along the major axis, I

The distribution of dust clouds in M31 was studied based on a photocopy of this galaxy taken from Hubble'sAtlas. The picture was divided into strips starting from the center of the galaxy on both sides along the major and the minor axis, respectively. The number of dark clouds per square kiloparsec was estimated as a function of the distance from the center of the galaxy along the major axis. If we assume the validity of the standard cloud model in M31, the filling factor introduced by the model was found to vary with distance from the center. It was found furthermore, that the filling factor introduced by the model may be an upper limit. The counts of dark clouds indicate a periodical change in the absorption gradient along the major axis with a very slight systematic variation assumed by the exponential part of the representation.

Observations of the Spatial Structre of Interstellar Hydrogen. I. High-Resolution Observations of a Small Region

view Abstract Citations (99) References (51) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Observations of the Spatial Structre of Interstellar Hydrogen. I. High-Resolution Observations of a Small Region Heiles, Carl Abstract The 21<:m line radiation emitted by low-velocity neutral hydrogen has been mapped in detail in the region bounded by 1" , b" using the 300-foot telescope and the 100-channel autocorrelation receiver at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank. The beam width of the antenna at this wavelength is 10', the velocity resolution about 1 km/sec, the total range of velocities observed about 50 km/sec, and the antenna temperature sensitivity about 1 Several considerations lead to the adoption of a common distance of 500 pc to all of the hydrogen as a reasonable approximation. The gas can be resolved into three physical components: a diffuse, smooth background, contributing about of the integrated 21-cm emission; and two large sheets of gas having relative motion in which the hydrogen density is probably about two atoms/cm3, which contain structure. In part of the region the sheets coexist in space and velocity. The velocity of each sheet is highly ordered over distances of tens of degrees on the sky; linear structures characterized by no hydrogen ("rifts") run across each sheet. The disturbance responsible for the rifts probably exists in sheetlike form, too. The present observations do not correspond at all with the predictions of the "standard cloud model." Concentrations of gas which one might call clouds are present in the sheets, but usually their density is no larger than twice the surrounding density; about ten of these objects exist, some of which are so large that the tidal force of the galactic gravitational field must affect their equilibrium. Especially prominent are the "group clouds" which are sirallar to classical "interstellar clouds" but which are clumped together into two groups; much of the large velocity dispersion of these objects may result from systematic radial motion. No enhanced 21-cm emission is observed at positions of dense dust clouds; this is attributed to the presence of cold or molecular hydrogen in these objects, which are bound by self-gravitation if the optical extinction is from classical dielectric spheres. Small concentrations of near stellar mass, distinctly different from the above concentrations, are observed in profusion; but since they are small they contain only about 10 per cent of the mass of the sheets. Typical radii of these "cloudlets" are a few parsecs; excess densities are not large, about a factor 2. The upper limit to the kinetic temperature implied by their velocity width is about 100 K. The highest brightness temperature observed in the region is 130 , equal to the commonly accepted value for the kinetic temperature in the galactic plane; the line profile does not appear saturated. This, together with previous determinations of kinetic temperature, implies the existence of large temperature variations in the interstellar gas. The decrease of the number of hydrogen atoms/cm2 in the line of sight with increasing galactic latitude is much faster than 1/sin b; the decrease near latitude 28 is almost discontinuous. The conclusion follows that in this region little hydrogen exists in the neighborhood of the Sun. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Pub Date: December 1967 DOI: 10.1086/190164 Bibcode: 1967ApJS...15...97H full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (6)