Standard Chartered Research Articles

Investigating Performances of Commercial Banks in the UK by Using Grey Relation Analysis

This study employs Grey Relational Analysis to assess the financial performance of commercial banks in the UK banking system. The main aim of the study is to identify influential indicators that have an impact on the banks’ performance. Identifying influential indicators helps banks determine strategies, capitalize on strengths, address weaknesses, and assure stakeholders of their resilience and profitability in dynamic markets. Using data from 2020 to 2022, five categories—profitability, interest ratio, liquidity and funds, asset quality, and capital adequacy—were analysed. This period was chosen to reveal the impact of Covid-19 on the performance of banks in the UK. Barclays plc consistently emerges as a top performer, showcasing robust financial management. Nationwide Building Society maintains stable performance with strengths in asset quality and funding. Lloyds Banking Group demonstrates stability with good profitability and capital adequacy. Santander UK plc exhibits fluctuating performance. NatWest Group plc shows moderate fluctuations, while HSBC Holding plc and Standard Chartered plc face specific challenges. According to the results of this study, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is a useful tool that aids strategic decision-making and risk management. It benefits the banking sector by supporting profitability, stability, and performance. Effective interest rate management is a significant factor in maintaining stability during market fluctuations. High asset quality strengthens bank performance, while efficient liquidity management is crucial for the sustained success of banks.

A Comparative Study of Non-Performing Assets of Foreign and Local Banks in Ghana: The Case of GCB Bank Ltd and Standard Chartered Bank in Ghana.

The Ghanaian banking system plays an important role in the development of a country’s economy and its financial stability by acting as an intermediary between depositors who have excess funds and borrowers who are in need of funds. In recent times banks have become cautious in extending advances as a result of the rise in non-performing assets. A non-performing asset (NPA) is a debt obligation where the borrower has not paid any previously agreed upon interest and principal repayments to the designated lender for a period beyond 90 days thus not yielding any income to the lender in the form of principal and interest payments. The study employed quantitative research design with secondary data for the period 2008-2017. An attempt was made to study the trend of total advances, net profit, Gross Non-Performing Asset and Net Non-Performing Asset of GCB Bank Limited and Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited. The results showed a general increasing trend of Total advances, Gross Non-Performing Asset and Net Non-Performing Asset for both banks over the past 10 years. In addition, there was a positive relationship between the Net profit and Non-Performing Asset of GCB Bank Limited whilst a negative relationship existed between the Net profit and Non-Performing Asset of Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited.

An Impact of Profitability Indicators of Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited (SCBL)

This study has complemented in the field of study of the dissertation research results of the study indicated the “Impact of Earning Per Share, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net Profit Margin and Price Earnings Ratio on Market Value Per Share of Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited (SCBL)” and Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited (SCBL) in overall financial profitability position and its statement and financial events in the real service life of service provide bank. This dissertation research report work is different from other research work as this work is on effectiveness utilization and management of profit in the expansion of bank challenges on a particular sector. The main objective of this study is to analyze the trend, structure of Earning Per Share, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net Profit Margin and Price Earnings Ratio on Market Value Per Share significance relation through hypothesis and the study made over the period 2017/18 to 2021/22 taken as a sample year. The statistical methods of trend analysis and descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and hypothesis test were used to analyze the study outcomes.

Corporate Criminal Liability

The idea that criminal activity is exclusive to humans is false. In addition to being a distinct legal entity, a company can be an artificial person in criminal activity. At first, in the 16th and 17th centuries, it was thought that a company was incapable of committing any crimes. The idea that a company is a distinct legal entity has been met with some difficulties; yet a company lacks a soul and body of its own. They are therefore incapable of committing any offenses or crimes for which they could be held accountable. However, the idea of corporate criminal liability has evolved progressively because of several rulings, such as Standard Charter Bank V. Directorate of Enforcement. Any act's criminal culpability stems from the Latin maxim Actus non facit reum mens sit rea, which states that in order to hold someone or anything accountable, it must be proven that they committed an act or omission that is prohibited by law and that they have mens rea, which is defined as having a guilty mentality for legal purposes. It is included in the list of white-collar crimes. The article discusses the significant transformation of corporate criminal liability from its undeveloped state to a well-established legal doctrine. This article further explores the ideas and theories that underpin the idea that companies are criminally responsible for crimes, looking at ideas like the identification doctrine, corporate mens rea, and vicarious liability. The importance of imposing criminal sanctions for the corporate crime committed by the company in the form of fine and imprisonment is further discussed.

An Exploration of the Implications of Human Resources Analytics for Workforce Planning

Workforce is a tangible and talent-driven asset for high-performing organisations in today's global economy. Arguably, if workforce is not adequately planned, it impacts the effective execution of future business strategies. This research uses Standard Chartered and HSBC Holdings as a case study. A sample size of 60 participants is selected and descriptive data analysis employed to examine the online survey questionnaire. The findings indicate that HRA helps organisations to develop and sustain high-quality planning and eliminates the conventional obstacles HRA provides. It aligns strategic planning by head counting and establishing a clear view of talent demand and supply problems. It is a useful tool used to evaluate the impact of their decision and prioritise future investments in the workforce. Key identifiers include: Control, employee production efficiency, and structure. The study recommends organisations combine demand planning and internal supply analysis to identify workforce gaps and plan accordingly.

A Study into the Effects of Internal Audit on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Zambia (A case of Standard Chartered)

Commercial banks play an important role in an economy by providing financial services. However, in the course of providing these financial services, banks face risks such as fraud that pose a threat to the financial performance of the bank ultimately affecting both shareholders and stakeholders. The internal audit is one of the functions that were created to help mitigate or prevent these risks. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of internal audit on the financial performance of commercial banks in Zambia with Standard Chartered being the case study. The study had 3 specific objectives; to determine the relationship between internal audit and the financial performance of Standard Chartered, to determine the impact of internal controls on the financial performance of Standard Chartered and to determine the impact of internal audit independence on the financial performance of Standard Chartered. The study presented the theoretical and conceptual frameworks as part of the literature study, which focused on information that is relevant to the internal audit function and the financial performance of commercial banks. The sample population for the study was 156 respondents and the researcher used a questionnaire and interviews to collect data as this was the most appropriate tool given the time of 3 months to complete the research. The questionnaire administered to respondents used the five-point likert scale to rate the responses of the respondents. The researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) software to process and analyse quantitative data while qualitative data was analysed using the thematic analysis. The software was also used to ensure reliability and validity of the research findings. To make the findings easy to understand and interpret, the findings were presented using pie charts, bar charts and tables. Based on the findings, the study concluded that there is a strong positive relationship between internal audit and the financial performance of Standard Chartered. The findings also found that internal controls and internal audit independence have a strong positive impact on the financial performance of Standard Chartered. This research will aid in making sure shareholders and management are aware of the impact internal audit has on the financial performance of commercial banks due to its role as a control system put in place to safeguard interests of both shareholders and stakeholders. The researcher recommended that Standard Chartered must always make sure their internal control systems technology are up to date and that they must also train their internal audit staff regularly to enhance their informational and technical competency. The researcher then proposed what future researchers can research on with regards to this research topic.

A Study into the Effects of Internal Audit on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Zambia (A case of Standard Chartered)

A Study into the Effects of Internal Audit on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Zambia (A case of Standard Chartered)

Small changes in thermal conditions hinder marathon running performance in the tropics

ABSTRACT We examined marathon performance of the same group of runners in relation to small changes in dry bulb temperature (Tdb) and wet bulb temperature (Twb) across 3 consecutive y, and investigated whether performance was poorer during an evening marathon compared with morning marathons. Marathon results were obtained from the 2017, 2018, and 2019 Standard Chartered Singapore Marathons. Tdb, Twb, Td, relative humidity, and absolute humidity were gathered for each marathon. K-means clustering and linear regressions were performed on 610 runners who participated in all three marathons. Analysis of the 610 runners’ marathon performance was contrasted with Tdb and Twb. Linear regressions were also performed on 190 runners filtered by percentile, yielding similar results. For clusters with similar Tdb from all runners K-means clustering, an increase in mean Twb by 1.5°C coincided with an increase in finishing time by 559 s (9.3 min) (p < 0.033). Twb hinders marathon performance more than Tdb, with each percentage rise in Tdb and Twb resulting in an increase in net time by 7.6% and 39.1%, respectively (p < 0.025). Male and female runners’ response to Tdb and Twb changes were similar (overlap in 95% confidence intervals for the respective regression coefficients). In conclusion, small variations in environmental parameters affected marathon performance, with Twb impairing marathon performance more than Tdb. Marathon performance was likely better in the morning than evening, possibly due to time of day differences, along with unfavorable Tdb that superseded training effects and the effects of lower Twb.

Insurance related problems in bareboat charter agreements

In 2017, the majority of the United Kingdom Supreme Court held in its judgment in the Gard Marine and Energy v China National Chartering (The Ocean Victory) case that, in bareboat charters under the ‘BARECON 89’ form, if both the owner and the charterer are jointly insured under a hull policy, the damages caused to the vessel by the charterer cannot be claimed by the insurer by way of subrogation after indemnifying the owner. The interpretation of the charter party leads to the conclusion that the liability between the parties is excluded. Faced with the Supreme Court’s decision, the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) adopted a new standard bareboat charter agreement only a few months later, the ‘BARECON 2017’ form, which amends, among other clauses, the one related to insurance. The present paper analyses (i) the new wording of the clause mentioned above and (ii) its incidence on the relationship between the parties of both the charter agreement and the insurance contract and its consequences for possible third parties. Despite BIMCO’s attempt to change the solution adopted by the Supreme Court and his willingness to allow the insurer to claim in subrogation against the person who causes the loss, the consequences, as it will be seen, do not differ much in practice when the wrongdoer is the co-insured charterer. On the contrary, when the loss is caused by a time charter or a sub-charter, in principle, there will be no impediment for the insurer to sue him.

IESE ECGI CONFERENCE ON CORPORATE PURPOSE: Can Purpose Deliver Better Corporate Governance?

IESE ECGI CONFERENCE ON CORPORATE PURPOSE: Can Purpose Deliver Better Corporate Governance?

Contributing Factors to Online Banking Adoption Among Customers in Kampala, Uganda

The advancement of technology has greatly impacted the nature of businesses pushing most from the traditional brick and wall to a virtual market. The Covid-19 strains in the past year have also immensely cut of human physical contact and spanned the conventional monetary exchange to a cashless platform. However, surveys still register that several Ugandans access bank services at the banking hall instead of using the internet that has been termed as more convenient, easy to use and widely accessible. This study therefore aimed at providing a deeper understanding of factors that contribute to the adoption of online banking in Kampala-Uganda. More specifically, the study explores perceived risk, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness mediated by customer satisfaction as the contributing factors to online banking. into The study adopted the Technology Adoption Model (TAM) to develop the conceptual framework used. A cross sectional research design was employed to achieve the study aims and objectives together with a quantitative approach that used a survey questionnaire to collect data from 300 bank customers from Standard chartered, Centenary and Stanbic banks. The results revealed that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness positively affected adoption of mobile banking and therefore should guide online adoption applications. However, the increase in perceived risks was found to not necessarily lead to a decline in the levels of adoption. This study therefore adds to the scant literature in the area of online banking especially in emerging countries like Uganda. Keywords: Online banking, Adoption, Perceived risks, Perceived ease of use, Perceived usefulness, Customer satisfaction, TAM, Standard Chartered Bank, Stanbic Bank, Centenary Bank, Uganda. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/12-10-07 Publication date: May 31 st 2021

Assessment of dehydration using body mass changes of elite marathoners in the tropics

ObjectivesThe ACSM recommends drinking to avoid loss of body mass >2% during exercise to avert compromised performance. Our study aimed to assess the level of dehydration in elite runners following a city marathon in a tropical environment. DesignProspective cohort design. MethodsTwelve elite runners (6 males, 6 females; age 24–41 y) had body mass measured to the nearest 0.01kg in their race attire immediately before and after the 2017 Standard Chartered Singapore Marathon 2017. Body mass change was corrected for respiratory water loss, gas exchange, and sweat retained in clothing, and expressed as % of pre-race mass (i.e. % dehydration). ResultsData are expressed as means±SD (range). Dry bulb temperature and humidity were 27.9±0.1°C (27.4–28.3°C) and 79±2% (73–82%). Finish time was 155±10min (143−172min). Male runners finishing positions ranged from 2–12 out of 7627 finishers, whilst female runners placed 1–8 out of 1754 finishers. Body mass change (loss) and % dehydration for all runners were 2.5±0.5kg (1.8–3.5kg) and 4.6±0.9% (3.6–6.8%). Male runners experienced body mass loss of 2.8±0.5kg and 4.9±1.2% while females experienced body mass loss of 2.1±0.2kg and 4.3±0.6%. ConclusionsDespite experiencing dehydration (4.6% body mass loss) two-fold higher than current fluid replacement guidelines recommend (≤2%), elite male and female runners performed successfully and without medical complication in a hot weather marathon.

LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL BASIS CREATION AND ACTIVITY OF CONDOMINIUMS

Purpose: investigate the legal support for the establishment and operation of associations of co-owners of apartment buildings. Methods: method of analysis and synthesis of regulations, comparative analysis of Ukrainian legislation. Results: clarification of the problem and prospects for the development of condominiums, analysis of changes in improving the legal framework and implementation today. Discussion: the concept and formation of property in Ukraine; historical development of property; basic regulations; assessment of the formation of associations. The procedure for creating, approving the Statute of condominiums, state registration of the association of co-owners of an apartment building is in accordance with the laws of Ukraine and other regulations. Undoubtedly, such an association in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On the association of co-owners of an apartment building» is a legal entity that has its own seal, as well as current accounts in the bank. Important for the functioning of condominiums is the Charter, which in turn is one of the main documents that has its own structure. The charter must meet the requirements of the law on and the standard charter. In addition, he may have provisions that are not provided by law, but do not contradict it. During the years of independence of our country there have been conflicts and problems in the legislative aspect regarding the activities of condominiums and such changes have brought both improvements and negative consequences from various quarters. Further research will allow to develop not only in the theoretical aspect of the formation of new condominiums, but also in practical action.

Impact of Online Customer Relationship Management (OCRM) Upon Customers Satisfaction in Post Covid-19 Scenario. A Case Analysis of Standard Chartered Bank Pakistan

This study investigates the impacts of online Customer Relationship Management (OCRM) on the level of customer satisfaction and retention in the Pakistani Banking industry. Recent past has witnessed workplace shift toward workspace especially in post-Covid scenario. Covid-19 pandemic have pushed banks in developed countries to move its day-to-day operations to purely online, following which Pakistani banks are also going global yet customer satisfaction and retention still remains a dilemma. A case analysis of Standard Chartered Bank has been chosen in the relatively troubled state of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This research is an attempt to empirically highlight the importance of OCRM for the banks’ overall growth and performance. A causal relation between customers’ satisfaction and retention with that of OCRM is examined through various pathways. Primary data from 100 staff members from 18 branches of the bank were collected using convenience sampling and questionnaire-based survey in summer 2020. Six hypotheses were developed and testing using regression analysis. The results suggest that OCRM bears direct positive relation with customer satisfaction and retention with moderating effects of perceived value, price and switching cost. Through customized services, banks should rigorously pursue online services and treat this pandemic an opportunity. Online services can be viable platform for positioning the banks’ new offerings to customers. Important lessons and recommendations for banking industry are put forward. The paper concludes with limitations and contributions. Keywords: Standard Chartered, Online CRM, customers, satisfaction, retention, banks, Covid-19.

COVID-19 Pandemisinin Zaman Çarteri Sözleşmeleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin “Off-Hire” Klozu Bağlamında İncelenmesi

COVID-19 epidemic, which has surrounded all over the world in a short time and caused severe measures to be taken after the World Health Organization declared it as a pandemia on March 11th, 2020, has also affected trade significantly. Given that most international trade is dependent on marine transportation, the maritime has been one of the sectors most severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In practice, the transportation and delivery of goods is often conducted based on time charter contracts. As set forth in Article 1131–1137 of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC), a time charter contract ensures that “a dedicator undertakes the giving of commercial management of an equipped vessel for a certain period of time and for a fee to a charterer.” Time charter parties include clauses, known as “off-hire” those set forth that the charterer is not required to pay for time the vessel can not be managed commercially because of reasons which can prevent the efficient working of the vessel. This study reviews the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on time charter contracts in the context of “off-hire” clause and within the framework of some frequently used standard charter parties, including BALTIME, NYPE, SUPPLYTIME and SHELLTIME.

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices: A Study on Foreign Commercial Banks in Bangladesh

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an important portion of an enterprise, bank or other industry. Corporate social responsibility increases the growth and success of a firm. Corporate Social Responsibility means responsibility for the people of the society about the country. The development of a society or a country happens only when the financial institutions like the bank of the country properly maintain their corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between corporate social responsibility and customer perceptions towards the corporations. In our paper, we discussed the theoretical framework of the CSR. The theoretical framework includes bright sides of the CSR and limitations of the CSR. We also analyze 5 commercial banks Bank Al- Falah, Habib Bank Ltd., HSBC, Commercial Bank of Ceylon, and Standard Chartered Banks CSR contribution in corporate social responsibility. We compare their contribution in 2018 and 2019 year. We see that some areas of contribution decrease in 2019 as compared to 2018. There is no contribution to infrastructure development. At last, we recommend foreign commercial banks to increase CSR contribution in some specific areas. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Foreign Commercial Banks, Social Contribution, Welfare. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-21-16 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

Consumer-based Brand value: A study on Foreign Banks in Ho Chi Minh City Market

The article presents an empirical study to discover consumers’ perception on foreign banks’ brand value which is said as one of key drivers for business success. The study is aimed at assisting brand managers to track their brand value and hence to improve their product and service quality. The conceptual model is founded on a consumer-based approach to brand value. To validate the model, a survey of 183 interviewees was carried out in four popular foreign banks in Ho Chi Minh City: Citibank, HSBC, ANZ and Standard Chartered (SCB). The collected data was tested and analyzed by Exploratory Factor Analysis. The study reveals that Brand Knowledge, Brand Differentiation, Brand Relevance and Brand Esteem correlate closely to each other and have a strong affect to Consumer-based Brand Value. The findings are discussed and the implications for banks’ management are presented.

Risk and return analysis of listed financial companies in Ghana (a study of Cal Bank, Ecobank GH Ltd, Ghana Commercial Bank ( GCB) and Standard Chartered Bank (SCB))

ABSTRACTGlobally, Investors as well as business men and women are very optimistic about the future and therefore defer current use of resources for use at a later period with a higher expected rate of return. This is not so different in the case of Ghana. The main objective of the study is to analyse the risk and return of listed financial companies in Ghana. A sample of four financial companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange (Cal Bank Limited, Ecobank Ghana Limited, GCB Bank Limited and Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited) were selected and financial ratio (return on equity, return on asset, current ratio, quick ratio and financial leverage) computed using excel and analyzed using STATA. The study fitted a Pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) regression model with fixed effect model since fixed effect was tested to be statistically significant in the model. Empirical analysis of the data revealed that Banks with high risk levels proved to have a higher profitability as compared to the other banks under study. Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited and Ecobank Ghana Limited showed the highest levels of profitability, with Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited topping the charts in most years. However, on average, Cal Bank Ghana recorded the lowest rates of profitability.Also, a positive relationship existed between profitability (return on equity) and current ratio and financial leverage whilst an inverse relationship between return on equity and quick ratio. Overall model for both the Pooled OLS and the LSDV regression model tested to be statistically significant and a greater percentage (99.99%) of the total variability in return on equity was explained by the independent variables (return on asset, current ratio, quick ratio and financial leverage).Key words: Risk, Return, Pooled OLS regression model, LSDV regression model.

P4427Cardiovascular outcomes among runners of a marathon race - a 17 years' experience

Abstract Introduction Over the past 17 years (2002–2018), 898,831 people participated in the Hong Kong Standard Chartered Marathon (HKSCM). Purpose We aim to study the incidence of marathon-related sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and non-fatal myocardial injury (NFMI). Methods All the HKSCM related admissions between 2002 and 2017 were retrieved from the accident and emergency department admission records. We reviewed the data of HKSCM runners admitted for SCA and NFMI. Results Fourteen and thirty-nine runners were admitted for SCA (Mean age 38±13 years-old, 12 men) and NFMI (Mean age 42±12 years-old; 34 men) respectively. Among the SCA runners, the arrest rhythms could not be retrieved in 3 cases. In the remaining 11 SCA runners, the arrest rhythms were ventricular fibrillation (VF) (N=6), pulseless-electrical activity (PEA) (N=3), and asystole (N=2). Nine of the 14 SCA runners were successfully resuscitated. Only 2 out of the 14 SCA runners had significant atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) requiring coronary angioplasty. Among the SCA runners, the etiologies of cardiac arrest were myocardial infarction (MI) (N=2), ischemic cardiomyopathy with VF (N=1), idiopathic VF (N=3), malignant coronary anomaly (N=1), and idiopathic (N=5). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 2 SCA runner with MI. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were implanted in 1 resuscitated runner with VF. Postmortem examination of the 3 deceased runners showed significant CAD in two and was unrevealing in one. Among the 39 NFMI runners, coronary angiograms (CAG) or CT coronary angiogram were performed in 14 cases (36%), which showed minor CAD or unremarkable findings in 7 runners, and significant CAD in 7 runners. PCI and coronary artery bypass were performed in 5 and 2 NFMI runners respectively. Only 8 out of 39 NFMI runners reported chest pain. Significant ischemic ECG changes were detected in 9 out of 39 NFMI runners. Invasive CAGs were not performed in the remaining NFMI runners due to low pre-test likelihood of CAD and normal non-invasive test results. Conclusions The incidence of SCA and mortality among HKSCM runners was 1.56 per 100,000 and 0.56 per 100,000 respectively. The incidence of NFMI was 4.3 per 100,000. Coronary artery disease, coronary anomaly and idiopathic VF were the commonest etiologies of SCA.

DIGITAL BANKING: Standard Chartered Launch

DIGITAL BANKING: Standard Chartered Launch