Standard Anthropometric Research Articles

Sleeve Gastrectomy and Its Impact on Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health: A Cohort Study.

Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disorder that significantly contributes to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome. Sleeve gastrectomy has emerged as an effective surgical intervention for obesity, with potential benefits on metabolic health. This study investigates the impact of sleeve gastrectomy on serum insulin levels, IR (HOMA-IR), inflammatory markers, C-peptide, kidney function, and various biochemical parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted, involving 199 patients over 18years old who were candidates for sleeve gastrectomy at Luqman Hakim Hospital from 2021 to 2022. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, and biochemical assessments were performed before surgery and 6months postoperatively. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVA). The study included 199 patients (84.4% female) with a mean (± standard deviation (SD)) age of 39.79 ± 11.30years. Significant reductions were observed in weight, BMI, and abdominal circumference across all patient groups. Diabetic patients showed marked improvements in fasting blood sugar, 2-h postprandial blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Insulin resistance decreased significantly, as did serum insulin and C-peptide levels. Improvements in lipid profiles and inflammatory markers were also noted. Insulin use post-surgery showed a significant inverse relationship with glycemic control improvement. Sleeve gastrectomy is a safe and effective procedure for obese patients, significantly improving insulin resistance and various obesity-associated diseases within 6months post-surgery.

Multifactorial Determinants of Adolescent Stunting in West Java, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Among Students Aged 13–15 Years

Stunting in adolescents remains a significant public health concern, with far-reaching implications for physical and cognitive development that extend into adulthood. This condition, characterized by a height below minus two standard deviations (-2 SD) from the WHO median growth standard, stems from chronic malnutrition and inadequate growth during critical developmental periods. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the incidence of stunting among adolescents aged 13–15 years at SMP Negeri 2 Cikarang Barat in 2022. A descriptive analytical study using a cross-sectional approach was conducted from March to June 2022. This study employed total sampling and recruited 34 adolescents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected via validated questionnaires and standardized anthropometric measurements. Statistical analysis included univariate descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis via the chi-square test (α = 0.05). The analysis revealed significant associations between the incidence of stunting and several factors, including nutritional patterns (P = 0.027), birth weight (P = 0.046), birth length (P = 0.048), breastfeeding history (P = 0.048), immunization status (P = 0.050), and family income (P = 0.027). The predominant characteristics of the study population were female sex (67.6%), unfulfilled nutritional patterns (70.6%), low birth weight (64.7%), and short birth length (67.6%). Additionally, 67.6% reported a nonexclusive breastfeeding history, and 70.6% came from low-income families. This study identified multiple significant factors associated with adolescent stunting, emphasizing the complex interplay between early-life factors, nutritional patterns, and socioeconomic conditions. Maternal age at delivery, height, education, and employment status were not significantly associated. These findings suggest a need for comprehensive interventions targeting both nutritional and socioeconomic factors to address adolescent stunting effectively.

Development of maxillary sinuses in relation to the development of cranium in children on computed tomography imaging

There are available studies assessing the development of maxillary sinuses in relation to the viscerocranium. However, there are no publications analyzing the development of maxillary sinuses in relation to the development of the cranium, i.e. both the viscerocranium and the neurocranium. The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between the dimensions of maxillary sinuses and anthropometric measurements of the cranium in children. The study was retrospective and was conducted at the based on the results of head computed tomography investigation. The study group included 180 girls and 180 boys, aged from birth to 18 years. To assess the correlation between the degree of development of the paranasal sinuses and the growth of the cranium, standard anthropometric points on the skull and strictly defined dimensions of the height, length, width, and volume of right and left maxillary sinuses were used. In the study group, both in girls and boys, a statistically significant positive correlation was found at the significance level of p < 0.0001 between: the height, length, width and volume of right and left maxillary sinuses, and cranial maximum length (glabella-opisthocranion), its maximum width (euryon-euryon), height (basion-bregma) and the length of the cranial base (basion-nasion) and the dimension of the subspinale-opisthocranion in children. Our study showed a statistically significant positive correlation between the development of maxillary sinuses and the growth of the cranium in children.

Ergonomic Evaluation and Design of Workstation for Gemstone Polishing Workers

Background: Many researchers have stated that workers working in unorganized sectors are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), like back pain, wrist pain, pain in the neck and shoulders, etc. Ergonomic study of these workstations is necessary for the analysis of workrelated disorders. Methods: In this study on MSDs among gemstone workers in Jaipur, Rajasthan; a modified Nordic questionnaire was employed. Further analysis was done using the 'Ergonomic Design and Analysis’ module of DELMIA. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) analysis was used. Results: The survey showed lower back pain among 81.25% of workers. Neck pain, hips or thigh pain, and ankle or feet pain were observed among nearly half of the surveyed workers, leading to further investigation. RULA analysis confirmed the results of the survey; the final RULA score came out to be 7. This score means investigation and changes are needed immediately. The workstation was designed using standard anthropometric data for the Indian population and modeled in CATIA. The modified workstation was analyzed using DELMIA, which has shown a RULA score of 3. Conclusion: The survey results and RULA analysis in DELMIA of gemstone polishing workers have shown that gemstone polishing is a highly risky profession. Musculoskeletal risk factors, like low back pain, neck pain, and wrist pain, have also been found to be present among the workers. The gemstone polishing workstation needs design interventions using Indian anthropometric data to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. RULA analysis of an anthropometrically modified workstation showed the modified workstation to be ergonomically fit.

Coupling an elastic resistance band to a selectorized resistance machine improves 1-RM bicep curl strength via accommodated resistance training

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of using a selectorized resistance machine with and without the use of elastic resistance bands on bicep strength. Sixty-six participants (30 females) completed a four-week training program exercising thrice weekly. Participants were blinded and randomly allocated to either one of the two intervention groups using an elastic band of 30 lb (EB30) or 50 lb (EB50) coupled to the selectorized resistance machine or the control group using only the selectorized resistance machine (CONT). Standard anthropometric measures and one repetition maximum (1-RM) for the cable bicep curl were measured before and after completing the training program. Although all groups demonstrated significant increases in 1-RM bicep strength, both the EB30 and EB55 groups exhibited higher strength gains than CONT. Furthermore, the EB55 group showed an increase in strength approximately 10% higher than that of EB 30. These results suggest that using EB resistance in conjunction with a conventional selectorized machine can augment strength gains in the biceps.

Arm Length and Height Relationship in Young Indian Adults: A Correlation and Regression Analysis

Abstract Introduction: Anthropometric studies on body proportions such as arm length (AL) and height (Ht) are essential for understanding physical growth patterns and health indicators, particularly amongst young adults. However, limited research exists on this relationship in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: This study examined the correlation and regression between AL and Ht in 500 healthy Indian adults aged 18–23 years. Standard anthropometric tools were used to measure AL and Ht, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between these variables. Results: The results showed varying degrees of correlation between AL and Ht across different age groups and genders. Males generally exhibited higher AL to Ht ratios compared to females, with significant gender differences observed in younger age groups. Conclusion: These findings contribute to our understanding of human growth patterns amongst young Indian adults and have important implications for clinical assessments and anthropological research. Further, longitudinal studies are recommended to better understand the dynamics of growth and body proportions over time in this population.

Association between dopamine genes, adiposity, food addiction, and eating behavior in Chilean adult.

A frequent consumption of high sugar/fat foods can affect dopamine signaling in the brain and cause sustained stimulation of the reward system. It has been hypothesized that a hypodopaminergic trait results in an individual overeating in order to increase brain DA. Genetic variants in this route have been connected with addiction and eating behaviors. Most studies focus on a specific SNP, and few studies have used multilocus genetic scores, which quantify genetic risk on a continuum. To assess the relationship between multilocus genetic scores based on multiple gene variants in the dopaminergic pathway and measurements of anthropometry, eating behavior, food reinforcement, and food addiction (FA) in Chilean adults. We recruited 221 Chilean adults for a cross-sectional study. A standard anthropometric measurement procedure was followed and eating behavior was examined using the Three Factor Eating questionnaire (TFEQ), Food Reinforcement Value Questionnaire (FRVQ), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and 24-h diet recall. Multilocus genetic scores were calculated using TaqMan assays (rs1800497-rs1799732-rs6277-rs4680). No differences were found in the entire sample for anthropometric measurements, by MLGS. We found that participants with a score ≥ 2.0 in the MLGS showed higher food choices on the RVFQ and lower energy intake in protein, lipids, SAFA, MUFA, PUFA, dietary cholesterol, omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids in the 24-h recall (p < 0.05). Stratified by nutritional condition, the group with obesity had inferior scores on cognitive restriction, greater scores on uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and responding to palatable food in the RVFQ. Also, in subjects with obesity, there was more food addiction in the group scoring "MLGS ≥2.0 or low dopamine signaling" (53%), compared to the group scored "MLGS <2.0 or high dopamine signaling" (23%) (p-value; 0.05). Emotional Eating scores correlated positively with MLGS in subjects with obesity. In adults with obesity, the MLGS of the dopamine pathway, reflecting hypodopaminergic signaling, was associated with greater scores on food addiction and altered eating behavior traits.

O107 A LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE ON TARGET ORGAN HEALTH IN ADOLESCENCE: THE EXAMIN YOUTH SA STUDY

Background and objective: Primary hypertension in children is becoming a global threat for the growing economic burden of hypertension management in adulthood and sustainable healthcare. We determined the associations of adolescent blood pressure (BP) with target organ damage markers (carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and left ventricular mass index (ilVM)) over a four year period, stratified by childhood BP status at baseline. Methods: We included 421 Black and 307 White South African adolescents (mean age: 11.04 years) with complete follow-up data for BP, CIMT and iLVM. Standard anthropometric measures and basic demographic information were collected. Results: Children were stratified by baseline BP status, i.e., normotensive; n=454 (57.5% Black and 57.7% female) and elevated BP; n=274 (58.4% Black and 52.2% female), with comparable proportions of ethnicity (p=0.81) and sex (p=0.15). Systolic BP (by 6mmHg; p&lt;0.001), diastolic BP (by 3mmHg; p&lt;0.001) and perfusion pressure (by 4mmHg; p&lt;0.001) as well as sex-specific body mass index for age z-scores (BAZ; p&lt;0.001) were all higher in the elevated BP compared to normotensive group. Groups were comparable for age (p=0.78), CIMT (p=0.28) and iLVM (p=0.64). In partial regression analysis (adjusting for ethnicity, sex, follow-up age and BAZ), systolic BP correlated positively with CIMT (r=0.125; p=0.041) and iLVM (r=0.184; p=0.002) in the elevated BP group only. Backward multiple adjusted linear regression analysis (adjustment for perfusion pressure at baseline, age, sex, ethnicity and BAZ) showed adverse associations of systolic BP with CIMT (β=0.126; p=0.046) and iLVM (β=0.199; p=0.001), and diastolic BP with iLVM (β=0.130; p=0.002), only in children with elevated BP at baseline. Conclusion: Elevated BP in early childhood contributes to the long-term impact on target organ health during adolescence independent of sex and ethnicity, while the association of BP with iLVM seems to be moderated by excess adiposity.

Impact of Anthropometric Characteristics on Football Performance by Playing Position

The purpose of the present study is to find out the correlation between anthropometric variables and different playing positions in football. The objective of this study is to examine and compare the different body measurements of district-level football players across different playing positions: defenders, midfielders, and forwards. Body measurements are critical anthropometric attributes that contribute significantly to a football player's performance, and understanding their variation across positions can provide valuable insights into position-specific training and talent identification. A sample of 90 players from Bhopal district-level teams was selected for the study, and their body measurements were assessed through standardized anthropometric kit. The findings suggest that position-specific anthropometric variable could enhance the performance of football players, and coaches should consider these differences when developing conditioning programs. The study highlights the importance of specific anthropometric characteristics in determining positional effectiveness on the football field. These findings suggest that coaches and scouts should incorporate anthropometric data into player recruitment and development strategies, allowing for position-specific training that enhances individual and team performance. Tailoring physical conditioning based on these characteristics could further optimize athletic output and overall gameplay.

Incorporating ultrasonography to the nutritional assessment process in intensive care settings to improve the prescription of enteral and parenteral nutrition: Benefits, practicality, and challenges.

The validity of the traditional nutritional assessment tools in intensive care settings might be compromised when the patient has conditions such as oedema and inflammation. Ultrasound (US) is considered a non-invasive, bedside tool that can be utilized to assess changes in muscle mass. Hence, US could guide healthcare practitioners in identifying the varying degrees of malnutrition and adjusting the nutritional prescription accordingly. This review discusses the currently available data regarding the feasibility and practicality of using US measurements in intensive care settings. Overall, the data suggest that using US as part of the standard anthropometric assessment for critically ill patients is a promising tool to track variations in muscle mass. This has the potential to enhance nutritional prescription and tailor the provision of protein and energy to critically ill patients based on their lean body mass measurements. Therefore, it is recommended to train dietitians on utilizing US for body composition measurements.

Role of dietary intervention on sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices and milk consumption among obese children/adolescents

The increase in childhood obesity is one of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century. Among the contributing dietary factors is the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and sweetened fruit juices (SFJ). On the other hand, regular consumption of milk and dairy products has decreased in many countries over the years, although research has shown an inverse association between dairy consumption and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a dietary intervention within a multidisciplinary structured programme on reducing the consumption of SSB and SFJ and simultaneously increasing the consumption of milk and diary products in obese children/adolescents. The study included 100 participants of both sexes who had been diagnosed with obesity and participated in a five-day multidisciplinary structured programme focused on dietary intrevention. Standard anthropometric measurements and a validated questionnaire were used during the study. The mean age of the participants was 12.61±1.90 years, body mass index (BMI) was 98.38±1.26 percentiles; mean consumption of SSB was 1.68 ± 2.89 dL; SFJ was 3.72±5.09 dL and milk and dairy products was 3.10±2.35 dL per day at the start of the intervention. After the five-day programme, patients were reeducated once a month for the first six months, then every two months for up to 24 months. After 24 months, a significant decrease in SSB and SFJ intake (p&lt;0.001) and an increase in milk and dairy products intake (p=0.002) were observed. The percentiles of the BMI also decreased after 24 months (p&lt;0.001). The dietary intervention had a positive effect on the anthropometric values and the change in the dietary habits of the participants, with a focus on the consumption of milk and dairy products.

The variability of anthropometric and body composition parameters in middle-aged women associated with menopause and smoking

Menopause and its related hormonal changes are associated with the variation of body composition, especially impacting adipose tissue metabolism and the reduction of lean mass. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of smoking during menopause on the subsequent effects on body composition. The sample comprised of 572 Slovak women aged between 39 and 65 years (49.67±6.2). Standard anthropometric techniques were used to collect anthropometric measurements, whereas bioelectrical parameters were measured utilizing a mono-frequency bioimpedance analyzer (BIA 101). Data on menopausal status, physical activity, and smoking habits were obtained via a specific questionnaire. In postmenopausal women, our results showed a statistically significant difference between smokers and non-smokers in BMI, TBW%, ECW%, ICW%, MM%, FFM%, FM% (p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed in premenopausal women, although two-way analysis of covariance revealed a significant interaction between smoking and menopausal status on the FM% (p &lt; 0.001), FFM% (p &lt; 0.001), and MM% (p = 0.002), whilst controlling for age and physical activity. In our sample group of middle-aged women, the combined impact of menopause and smoking appeared to influence anthropometric parameters and body composition.

Forensic evaluation of craniometric characteristics of the Kazakhstan population

BackgroundThe human skull is the part of the skeleton most frequently used in population studies, as it was more exposed to genetic factors and less exposed to environmental factors. The skull is an important component in human forensic identification. Materials and methodsThe craniometric characteristics of 186 male and 114 female skulls found on the territory of Kazakhstan were studied. Dimensions were measured using standard anthropometric methods and instruments. The results of measurements of 25 craniometric parameters are presented. Methods of descriptive and parametric statistics were used. ResultsStatistical analysis showed significant regional dimorphism, confirming theindividuality of the Kazakhstan population. Statistically significant deviations werefound in 6 male craniometric characteristics and 4 female craniometric characteristics(p<0.05). The most dimorphous variables for regional identification in Kazakhstanmales were the higher skull base and frontal chord width , full face height , condylarand bigonial width , and low mandibular body reference values (p<0.05). For females,significant statistical discrepancies were seen in the transverse diameter and skullbase width, mastoid and occipital aperture width (p<0.05). ConclusionThe recorded variations and changes in the morphology of the humanskull of the population of Kazakhstan indicate the need to develop and updateosteometric standards used in practice for specific populations. All this will significantlyimprove the accuracy of forensic identification and more fully study the biologicalpatterns of population formation, as well as evaluate the comparative effectiveness ofindividual features in the reconstruction of the population history of various populationgroups.

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF TWO REHABILITATION PROGRAMS ON SPINAL MOBILITY AND PAIN INTENSITY IN PATIENTS WITH SPINAL DISCOPATHY

Introduction. Approximately 80% of people experience back pain throughout their lives. A common problem of patients with low back pain is a significant limitation of mobility. Rehabilitation programs are usually recommended. Programs should include exercises that build flexibility, endurance, and strength. Kinesiotherapy is complemented by physiotherapy procedures, which are mainly aimed at analgesic and relaxing effects.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to compare the effect of two rehabilitation programs that differ in the type of kinesiotherapy on the mobility of the lumbar spine and the level of pain intensity in people with L5-S1 segment discopathy.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study involved 30 patients undergoing 14 days of rehabilitation treatment. The criterion for dividing the subjects into groups was the method of kinesitherapy. The first group (Gr1) consisted of 15 patients who did gymnastics in the pool twice a day, and the second group (Gr2) consisted of 15 patients who attended therapeutic gymnastics classes in the gym twice a day. The exercises were aimed at improving the range of motion of the spine, strength and endurance of postural muscles. A visual analog scale was used to assess the intensity of pain. The distance between standard anthropometric points in the resting position and in the extreme position of movement was measured to assess the range of spinal movements.&#x0D; Results. After rehabilitation, the amplitude of movements of the lumbar spine increased in most patients. In Gr1, an increase in the range of forward spinal flexion by 9.2 cm (p = 0.001), rotation to the right by 0.63 cm (p = 0.03), and to the left by 1.33 cm (p = 0.007) was detected. In Gr2, the range of forward flexion increased by 12.6 cm (p = 0.005), left rotation by 0.94 cm (p = 0.035), and right flexion by 1.41 cm (p = 0.002). In the case of other movements, no statistically significant changes were found.&#x0D; In Gr1, the average pain intensity according to the VAS was 4.9 ± 2.3 points before the start of the physiotherapy program and 3.6 ± 1.7 points after its completion (p = 0.04). In Gr2, the VAS values were 5.1 ± 2.5 points and 3.9 ± 1.8 points, respectively (p = 0.03). The magnitude of changes in pain intensity was similar (-1.3 points and -1.2 points) for both programs.&#x0D; Conclusions. 1. The applied rehabilitation programs increased the mobility of the lumbar spine and reduced pain in patients with L5-S1 segment discopathy. 2. Both the hydrokinesitherapy program and the gym program were equally effective in increasing the range of motion of the spine and reducing the intensity of pain.

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN STATUS GIZI BALITA PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN ALOR MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5

Assessment of nutritional status plays a very important role in monitoring children's nutrition. If the assessment of nutritional status is carried out correctly and accurately, signs or symptoms of impaired growth and development in children can be identified early so that mitigation and prevention can be carried out in an effort to improve the nutritional status of children under five. And the occurrence of nutritional problems can be minimized. For this reason, determining the nutritional status of toddlers must be done quickly and accurately. Puskesmas as the technical implementer of the Health Service, has the main task of collecting data and assessing the nutritional status of toddlers and submitting the results of the assessment to the Health Service. The determination of nutritional status that has been carried out is by looking at and calculating the standard anthropometric table for assessing the nutritional status of toddlers according to the Decree. Minister of Health Number: 1995/Menkes/SK/XII/2010. However, Puskesmas are often slow in treating large numbers of patients and also have limited resources, especially in areas where there is a shortage of medical personnel. So this also influences the results of the assessment of determining the nutritional status of toddlers. For this reason, the Health Service needs to provide an optimal method for determining the nutritional status of toddlers to be used by Community Health Centers to determine the nutritional status of toddlers quickly, precisely and accurately. So researchers have conducted research and produced a decision support system for determining nutritional status in toddlers using the C4.5 algorithm. Test results to measure algorithm performance using the Confusion Matrix, Accuracy, Precision and Recall testing method, it is known that the C4.5 algorithm has an accuracy value of 72.13 %, Precision value 71.43% and Recall value 22.73% Keywords : Decision Support, Nutritional Status, Toddlers, C4.5 Algorithm

Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: While obesity has been shown to elevate the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a lack of strong evidence regarding its role in the disability progression and status of MS patients. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide comparative estimates of WC and BMI in patients with MS (PwMS) and to investigate potential associations between the waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) and demographic and specific MS characteristics. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a detailed search of the MEDLINE PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases was conducted. Results: A total of 16 studies were included. The pooled mean WC and BMI among PwMS was estimated to be 87.27 cm (95%CI [84.07; 90.47]) and 25.73 (95%CI [25.15; 26.31]), respectively. Meta-regression models established a significant bidirectional relationship between WC and the Expanded Disability Scale (EDSS) (p < 0.001) but not between BMI and EDSS (p = 0.45). Sensitivity analyses showed no association between WC and age (p = 0.48) and a tendency between WC and disease duration (p = 0.08). Conclusions: Although WC measurements classify PwMS as normal weight, BMI measurements classify them as overweight. Therefore, WC should complement BMI evaluations in clinical practice. Additionally, our findings highlight the significant association between abdominal fat, as indicated by WC, and disease progression. Considering the heightened risk of cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality among PwMS, we recommend integrating both WC and BMI as standard anthropometric measurements in routine clinical examinations and targeted prevention strategies for PwMS.

Prevalence of Malnutrition among Rural Children Under 5 Years in Rural Area of Agra District

India is the world's second-largest country in food production and also the home of malnourished children. Adequate nutrition is the foundation of children’s health, growth, and development. In India nearly half of the children under 5 years old are scummed to death every year due to malnutrition. The study's objective was to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition in children aged 1-5 years. Nutritional assessment of children was conducted in rural areas using standard anthropometric measurements of height and weight, MUAC, and HC analysed using WHO AnthroPlus software. Purposive random sampling was used in this research. Among 200 children studied 142 were more than 2.5 years old and 58 were below 2.5 years old. The prevalence of underweight (WAZ) in the above 2.5 years old categorywas 66(92.95%) out of 71 in boys and63(90%) out of 70 in girls. The prevalence of stunting (HAZ) was 64(90.14 %) out of 71 in boys and61(87.14%) out of 70 in girls. Among the below 2.5 years oldcategory were25(80.64%) out of 31 boys and 25(89.28%) out of 28 girls were underweight (WAZ). 26(83.87%) out of 31 boys and26(92.85%) out of 28 girlswere stunted (HAZ). The observed percentage for Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and Head circumference (HC) is 85.71 % and 64.28 % in girls and 77.41% and 70.96% in boys respectively.The dietary intake of girls was lower thanboys as compared to the RDA by ICMR. Malnutrition is highly prevalent in rural schoolchildren in line with the national prevalence

Growth charts for weight and height of Indian children with Down syndrome.

Age and gender specific growth charts for Indian children with Down syndrome (DS) based on longitudinal data have not been published. To establish percentile growth charts for DS children inhabiting northwestern parts of India, body weight and length/height of 1125 (Male: 752, Female: 373) children with DS aged <1 month to 10 years, enrolled from the "Genetics Clinic" were measured at half yearly age intervals in the "Growth Clinic" of the Institute from August 1994 to November 2018. A total of 2089 observations were made on these children using standardized anthropometric techniques and instruments following a prospective mixed-longitudinal growth research design. Using the LMS method, age and sex-specific percentile growth charts (<1 month to 10 years) for weight, and length/ height were generated. Unpaired t-test was used to compare mean growth attainments of study children with those of DS patients representing other population groups as well as their normal Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) counterparts. The 50th percentile growth curves for both weight and length/height of Indian children with DS demonstrated a regular increase. As compared to their normal MGRS and Indian (IAP) counterparts, the children with DS had lower weight and height attainments. The boys and girls with Down syndrome showed short stature (height < 3rd centile) from the age of 1 year till 10 years and also became underweight beyond 5 years. As compared to their normal counterparts, children with Down syndrome exhibited compromised auxological attainments. The use of growth charts presented herein may be used to compare and monitor growth and nutritional status of Indian children with Down syndrome.

Metabolic and endocrine status associate with obstructive sleep apnea risk among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) appears to be increased among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the underlying physiology is unclear. We sought to identify predictors of OSA risk among patients with PCOS. A cross-sectional analysis of patients evaluated for PCOS at a single tertiary center from 2017-2022 was completed. Inclusion criteria included patients 18-44 years of age who had Rotterdam criteria for PCOS and had completed a Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) for OSA risk assessment. All patients underwent standardized anthropometric, ultrasound, endocrine, and metabolic phenotyping. Of the 572 patients screened during the study period, 309 patients with PCOS met inclusion criteria, and 104 (33.7%) had a high-risk BQ. Those with a high-risk BQ, compared with those without, had significantly (P < .05) higher waist:hip ratio, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, 2-hour insulin, fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1C, C-reactive protein, free testosterone, and free androgen index and had lower high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and sex hormone binding globulin. In multivariable modeling controlling for all significantly differing variables in univariate analyses, hemoglobin A1C (β [standard error] 1.05 [0.45], P = .02), C-reactive protein (0.09 [0.04], P = .01), and sex hormone binding globulin (-0.02 [0.01], P = .02) associated with high-risk BQ. Dysglycemia, inflammation, and androgen status independently associate with predicted OSA risk by BQ. Future studies are needed to comprehensively assess the impact of treatment of OSA on these outcomes among patients with PCOS to better clarify the directionality and clinical implications of these associations. Christ JP, Shinkai K, Corley J, Pasch L, Cedars MI, Huddleston HG. Metabolic and endocrine status associate with obstructive sleep apnea risk among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(6):871-877.

Occupational Safety and Health for Adult Saudi Arabian Women: Utilizing National Anthropometric Data.

In the last five years, the female labor force has increased rapidly in Saudi Arabia. This is due to the new government's vision to empower women. For many decades, Saudi females were excluded from working in certain fields due to cultural restrictions. Nowadays, Saudi women are not only joining the service workforce but are currently employed in more physically demanding careers, such as manufacturing and military jobs, which were previously dominated by males. It becomes necessary to design workplaces, tools, and equipment to safely accommodate the female physical attributes, which include body dimensions. This study presents the anthropometric measurements of Saudi Arabian adult females. In total, 504 female subjects aged 20-70 participated in the study. Thirty-eight body measurements, including weight and triceps skinfold, were taken in sitting and standing postures. The main contribution of this study is to provide a national anthropometric database of Saudi females, which is very limited, especially for females in the age groups under study. The availability of such data will allow foreign and local manufacturers to design usable and safe products and workspaces for a wide range of Saudi adult females. The findings reveal that there are no significant differences in the body dimensions of Saudi females across all age groups, except for stature height, eye height, chest depth, skinfold (mm), sitting height, buttock-knee length, and hip breadth. The study also reveals that Saudi females' body sizes are different from other Asian, Middle Eastern, and British nations, which invalidates the assumption of using other nations' body measurements to estimate Saudis' body measurements. Utilizing the supermarket cashier workstation to assess the appropriateness of commercial station fit for Saudi females' body dimensions, the results underscore the crucial role of anthropometric measurements in addressing differences between product design and the unique body dimensions of Saudi females. The identified anthropometric mismatch highlights potential risks, emphasizing the threat to the working safety of Saudi females. Moreover, the data can be used by health professionals as a base to evaluate the health of Saudi adult females. Descriptive statistics and extreme values are determined. The data are presented in standard anthropometric tables.