Stand-alone Solar PV Research Articles

Priority-based market clearing model for off-grid P2P energy trading

Standalone solar PV power system is being used as an option for electrification in remote areas around the world providing basic electricity needs. However, the approach suffers from power mismatch and energy efficiency issues. This paper proposes market-clearing model peer-to-peer energy trading (P2PET) based on multiple standalone solar power system design specification in rural Sarawak, Malaysia. The proposed system combined multiple standalone solar PV system within the community through P2PET trading concept. P2PET creates the platform for energy transaction between each system and even support business such as a workshop to operate high-power electrical appliances. As energy generation is constrained in an off-grid system, the proposed market-clearing model prioritizes the energy trading between the seller and business buyer who bring more benefit to the community. Subsequently, participants in energy trading have a selection of strategies to maximize personal benefits such as profit earning or energy sufficiency. Simulation studies are applied to verify the performance of the proposed model which increases energy efficiency, improves the local economy, and maximizes the community’s welfare from electrification.

A Novel Fuzzy Logic Based GPSO PR Controller for Minimization of Steady State Errors and Harmonics in Standalone Wind and Solar PV Hybrid System

A Novel Fuzzy Logic Based GPSO PR Controller for Minimization of Steady State Errors and Harmonics in Standalone Wind and Solar PV Hybrid System

Two-Stage Converter Standalone PV-Battery System Based on VSG Control

Standalone solar PV systems have emerged as potential alternatives to electricity problems in areas where a grid is unavailable. Obtaining full power from a photoelectric system, DC-DC inverter, DC-AC converter, and control system presents great difficulties when building these devices. A standalone two-stage approach is introduced in this work with a boost converter followed by an inverter and a battery with a bidirectional converter. In this paper, a novel virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller is designed and implemented to adjust the inverter output. The VSG element and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in this study serve the following purposes: to adjust the inverter output and to realize the maximum power of the PV scheme. The new control strategy design was evaluated and validated using extensive MATLAB simulations under different scenarios, including load variations. The system output was evaluated using extensive MATLAB simulations. A hands-on experiment was conducted for the VSG using console testing. Due to the lack of laboratory equipment, we could not experiment with the entire system.

Design of Stand-Alone Solar PV Power System Installed Atal-Mansoura-Egypt Driving 5.5 KW Elevator. (Dept. E)

Design of Stand-Alone Solar PV Power System Installed Atal-Mansoura-Egypt Driving 5.5 KW Elevator. (Dept. E)

Development and real time implementation of intelligent holistic power control for stand alone solar photovoltaic generation system

This paper focusses on real-time implementation of an intelligent Holistic Power-Control system which is suitable for uniform, dynamic-irradiance and shaded-conditions for a stand-alone solar-PV system. The model consists of two intelligent Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT) control algorithms under different environmental conditions and a novel shading-detection mechanism. A fuzzy logic MPPT system with rule-base developed from real-time solar panel have been implemented. A partial shading detection mechanism based on power loss generated from solar PV array without any sensors is incorporated in the real-time platform. A fuzzy-logic Sweep-Inclusion algorithm is proposed to reach global maximum power point with fast tracking-time under partially-shaded conditions. To test the performance, real-time PV-system with data acquisition using LabVIEW is developed. The standalone solar-PV system is benefitted by the proposed-method by its less tracking-time and more efficiency, accurate partial shading detection through modified power loss scheme and Fuzzy Logic Sweep-Inclusion algorithm for identifying the global-MPPT point.

Optimal sizing and energy scheduling of grid-supplemented solar PV systems with battery storage: Sensitivity of reliability and financial constraints

Establishing reliable, clean, and inexpensive solar PV systems is a complex interplay between the level of reliability (LPSP), financial constraints, and CO2 emissions. This paper investigates the impact of these factors on stand-alone (SA) and grid-supplemented (GS) solar PV systems over multiple seasons. The research uses established hardware models, detailed power management strategies as well as realistic Australian grid tariffs and Genetic Algorithms to find the minimum Cost of Energy (COE) subject to LPSP and financial constraints. The developed power management strategies are also tested experimentally on a real solar PV system. The results indicate that the grid-supplemented system yields 30% lower COE compared to the stand-alone at baseline (LPSP<0.01) but achieves this at the expense of 17% higher life cycle emissions (LCE, kgCO2-eq/kWh). The results also revealed that in the grid-supplemented systems, only optimum renewable to grid penetration ratios can yield minimum COE which were found to be 95% and 5% respectively in this case study. A typical increase in the COE with tighter LPSP is found for the stand-alone systems. Whilst in the grid-supplemented systems, higher system's reliability can be achieved at almost the same COE but with increased emissions. In terms of tariff structures, the time of use tariff structure offers a marginally lower COE (0.30$/kWh) compared to the anytime flat tariff (COE = 0.32$/kWh), but with the latter outperforming in terms of LCE. The analyses presented help identifying the parameters to be considered in establishing more cost-effective solar PV systems.

A techno-economic analysis of the roof top off-grid solar PV system for Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India

Abstract As the exhaust rate of the conventional sources has geared up already, this is compelling the power industries to install the power plants based on the non-conventional sources so that future demand of the energy supply can be fulfilled. Among the various sources of renewable energy like wind, hydro, tidal etc., solar energy is the most easily accessible and available renewable energy source. Ensuring the feasibility of any energy source not only technical but also the economical perspective is the most important criteria. This paper has incorporated both the perspective and has done the techno-economic analysis to determine the optimum combination of the PV array size and battery size to minimize the overall electricity generation per unit. In this paper, a standalone solar PV system has been analyzed for the location of Jamshedpur, where an effort has been done to choose the optimum combination of the solar array and battery size within the desired range of LLP so that the electricity generation cost per unit can be minimized. The overall duration of the analysis has been done for a year and the outcome of the research has been verified with the help of MATLAB software.

Improving the Efficiency of Stand-Alone Solar PV Power Plants

As a source of alternative energy, solar energy has apparent advantages, including a renewable, inexhaustible, and environmentally friendly resource. However, it has not become widely spread in the Russian Federation. Among the disadvantages of using solar energy are high equipment cost, low efficiency of photovoltaic solar cells, the generated electrical energy instability. The spatio-temporal variability of solar access causes electrical energy instability. It is possible to increase solar photovoltaic plant efficiency by using a tracking system to change the plant sun's spatial orientation. The paper offers mathematical and simulation models of a solar photovoltaic plant with a solar tracking system that allows the plant to be automatically oriented to the sun by matching the production mode and the solar access level. The use of the azimuth plant control system on the sun will increase the power production of the solar PV plant by an average of 28%. The same value will increase by 40% when using the full plant control system.

Comparative Analysis of the Overall Efficiency Improvement of a Standalone Solar PV System for Various MPPT and Converter Configurations

Comparative Analysis of the Overall Efficiency Improvement of a Standalone Solar PV System for Various MPPT and Converter Configurations

Modelling of standalone solar photovoltaic based electric bike charging

Charging the electric vehicles through the use of solar PV systems is a major hurdle in today's era. In the present work, a system is designed for charging Electric bikes at workplaces like schools, colleges, offices, etc. To ensure a reliable charging system, a standalone solar PV system with a battery bank based energy storage unit is employed. It can be seen from the present work that the electric bike at different voltage configurations i.e., 12 V, 24 V, and 36 V, can be charged efficiently. The irradiance level is varied in a way to show a real-life effect that occurs during a summer day. To depict this, irradiance level is assumed to rises from 300 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 and decline again to 300 W/m2 during the process. The DC bus voltage is successfully maintained constant at a level of 48 V in all three cases. The contribution of the study is the application of a robust solar PV based off-grid design for charging electric bike at the workplaces.

Techno-economic-environmental analysis of solar/hybrid/storage for vertical farming system: A case study, Malaysia

Human population is projected to reach 9.7 billion in 2050 and strike 11.2 billion by 2100. Residence shift from countryside to cities will occur and the human population resides in the cities is envisaged to rise from 55% to 68%. Vertical farming was proposed to address food insecurity caused by overcrowded population and farmland shortages. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of vertical farming in the Asia Pacific is forecasted to grow at 22.1% with a market size reaching USD 2,101.0 million by 2024. Malaysian government encourages the implementation of vertical farming as the production of major agricultural commodities has contracted by 3.4% from 2015 to 2017. However, high energy consumption is one of the shortcomings of a vertical farm as the estimated annual energy consumption for each square meter of growing area is 3500 kW h. Thus, this paper proposes an optimized building geometry modeling integrated with energy yield estimation tool to evaluate the potential of integrating green energy into urban agriculture. This research examines the load demand in the vertical farming systems and develops solar/hybrid/storage for vertical farming system with energy yield, performance ratio, economics and environmental assessments. Preliminary resources assessment by analyzing the solar radiation of the sites was carried out at stage 1. At stage 2, load consumption was calculated, and specifications of the system were justified. Stage 3 included the development of solar PV system for the vertical farms, the economic evaluation in the context of net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and investigation of the environmental impact. Grid-connected and standalone solar PV systems were developed for comparative studies. The estimated daily energy consumption for vertical farms in Selangor and Kuching was 430.116 kW h and 1002.024 kW h. Energy generated by grid-connected solar PV systems supported 11.6% and 8.35% of the load consumption in Selangor and Sarawak. The performance ratios of grid-connected solar PV systems in both selected sites were 82.22% and 82.56%. The finding proved that proposed work has significantly reduced the dependency of the utility grid. Additionally, the LCOE with solar PV integration vertical farming system appeared to be lower than the LCOE of the grid and lower CO2 emission. This paper serves as a reference guide to the vertical farming stakeholders, national policy-decision makers and non-profit organizations who planned for similar initiatives especially those within the tropical climate regions.

Economic analysis of 26 kW solar powered system for a commercial building in India

The renewable energy resources have developed as an alternative source of energy. The world energy need is ever increasing. Besides there are environment consequences with the use of fossil fuel driven energy resources as they contribute to the increased carbon emissions. The recent development in solar PV systems is a boon for meeting the energy needs especially in metro cities. Solar energy is a clean and inexhaustible source of energy and its environment friendly nature gives it an edge over the other renewable sources of energy. This has accelerated the installation of grid connected solar PV system in order to satisfy the load demand. A 26 kW grid connected solar PV system is installed at Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India which is a part of making the university to become self-sustainable. The objective of this study is to do the economic analysis of a 26 kW solar photo voltaic system and also to show the economic comparison between the grid-connected solar PV system and a standalone solar PV system.

Design and simulation of standalone solar PV system using PVsyst Software: A case study

Solar energy is quick creating source of energy in all over the world. The total installed solar power in India till 30th April 2020 is 34811.78 MW. This paper presents the study of load requirement in mechanical department office in engineering college Bikaner and accordingly, designing and installation of stand-alone solar PV System. Analysis of performance ratio and losses has also been done using PVsyst simulation software. The average annual energy requirement in the department of mechanical engineering office is 1086.24 kWh and the energy available through solar panel is 1143.6 KWh, whereas energy supplied to the user is 1068.12 kWh a little less than the required load. The reduced power capacity of the system is because of different kinds of losses. The performance ratio analysis reveals that the highest PR was recordedin themonth of December is 86% and lowest PR,64% was obtained in the month of April, whereas the average PR for year is 72.8%. The reduced power capacity of the system is because of different kinds of losses.

Physics-based models in PV-battery hybrid power systems: Thermal management and degradation analysis

Abstract This paper presents a thermal management and control strategy to minimise thermal degradation in Li-ion batteries in a standalone solar-PV – Battery Energy Storage (BES) hybrid power system. The main objectives of this work are: (a) to analyse the effect of temperature on the performance and degradation of the BES system, and (b) to develop a simple, cost-effective thermal management strategy to maintain the BES system temperature (during charging) in a safe operating window. Typically, battery manufacturers estimate the battery life based on standard test conditions, which may be different from the various real-world climatic conditions throughout the year. The change in temperature has a significant effect on battery degradation processes. This paper employs a physics-based electrochemical-thermal single particle model for simulating a Li-ion battery capable of capturing these effects to analyse and address this issue. Simulations for an entire year are performed using real-world solar insolation and household energy consumption data of a residential area in India. The use of physics-based model helps in understanding the thermal aspects of degradation of the BES system. The BES system is better protected against thermally driven capacity fade using the proposed thermal management and control strategy that does not use any external cooling systems.

Standalone solar PV system for grey water recycling along with electric load for domestic application

ABSTRACT Water scarcity issue is dominatingly seen in the big cities and continuously increasing in the past years. The proposed system investigates that the standalone solar PV, which is used for the household electric load, can also be used for the grey water recycling with the optimised system design. The paperwork not only saves the recycled grey water but also fulfil the residential electric load. The proposed system further compared with the conventional system. The result obtained shows that the system saves 14,721.5 gallons’ water per year; also the cost of the proposed system is less as compared to the conventional system.

Integration Schemes for Hybrid Generation Systems

The progress in renewable sources,the wind energy has given rise to augmented attention on more trustworthy and useful electrical generator systems. Because of the reason that sunlight and wind energy is alternatingin nature and has great success in power generation over conventional sources.However due to irregular in nature andhigher dissemination of renewable sources, in present day Power generation plants many technical problemsparticularly when used independentlyconnected to grids or standalone systems without appropriate energy storage devices. To make the system more reliable the integration the two renewable resources into an optimum combination, cansolve the impact of the inconsistent nature of solar and wind resources andalsomake the system efficient to run. The paper gives you an idea aboutproblems and its related best solutions for integrating hybrid solar, wind and conventional Power generation systems both a grid connected and standalone system.Voltage and frequency fluctuations generate harmonics which are significant reasons of power quality and have very high impact on power generation. By proper design and advances fast response controllers and goodOptimization techniques resolve the problem to large extent. The paper also provides review on optimal sizing design, power switching devices and its control. The paper presents types of integrated schemes available in Hybrid systems for both grid-connected and standalone Solar PV and Wind Systems.

OPTIMAL SIZING OF STAND-ALONE AND GRID-CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEMS IN BANGLADESH

OPTIMAL SIZING OF STAND-ALONE AND GRID-CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEMS IN BANGLADESH

Techno-economical optimization of an integrated stand-alone hybrid solar PV tracking and diesel generator power system in Khorfakkan, United Arab Emirates

The integration of renewable energy technologies (solar, wind, biomass, ocean, geothermal energy) is gaining importance in the United Arab Emirates owing to the high energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This paper presents the analysis and results of the performance and optimization of a stand-alone solar PV power system with single-axis (horizontal and vertical) and dual-axis solar trackers and a diesel generator (DG) for the city of Khorfakkan, Sharjah. The modeling, simulations, and optimization analysis of the hybrid energy system (HES) were performed with the HOMER software based on the daily energy consumption of 37.75 MWh in the study area. The simulation results show that employing an HES with dual-axis solar trackers is the best power system architecture considering the renewable fraction (48.55%) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE; 0.25 $/kWh). The proposed HES meets the annual energy demand of the city (13,778 MWh) without shortages and with an electricity excess of 9.81%. In addition, the sensitivity analysis shows that the HES with dual-axis solar PV tracking system provides lower electricity costs (250 $/MWh) and the highest GHG emission reduction (69.6%, which is equivalent to the GHG emission reduction of a diesel engine consuming 682,279 gallons of diesel fuel).

A Dynamic Load Controller for a Standalone Solar PV System Employing a Dual Input/Output Biphase dc–dc Converter

A load matching system which utilizes a time-sharing controller for an standalone solar PV system employing a Dual Input/Output Biphase Buck dc–dc Converter is presented here. The load matching system consists of an integrated load voltage and MPPT controller to regulate power flow between a standalone dc load, solar PV and a battery. The Dual Input/Output Biphase Buck dc–dc Converter incorporates the advantages of both multiport converters used for standalone systems and the multiphase converters used for low voltage and high-current applications. The steady-state analysis of the proposed system is performed by deriving the appropriate analytical equations and computing using the MATLAB programming language. A dynamic model of the Dual Input/Output Biphase Buck dc–dc Converter is developed and has been used for simulating the dynamic performance of the proposed load matching system. The efficacy of the proposed load matching scheme was also validated through experimentation under various operating conditions.

Reliability Evaluation of Stand-Alone Solar PV Energy System for Irrigation

Solar photovoltaic systems convert the energy of light directly into electrical energy. This paper presents Markov model and frequency-duration techniques for calculating the reliability indices of the stand-alone photovoltaic water pumping system. These techniques can be applied to both repairable and non-repairable systems. Markov model and frequency-duration techniques are used for evaluation of reliability indices e.g. failure rate, repair rate, unavailability etc. The results confirmed that failure and repair rate of the system is 0.33 and 41.37 respectively. Loss of load probability and unavailability of the system is 0.00158 /yrs and 13.8 hrs/yrs respectively.