Stamp Ink Research Articles

Relationship between dermatoglyphics and blood group of male and female first-year medical students at Rama Medical College, Kanpur

Background: Apart from the flexion crease and secondary folds, dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of naturally existing epidermal ridges and their arrangement on the digits, palms, and soles. In medicolegal cases, fingerprints can be used to identify suspects, victims, and other people who touch a surface as well as to diagnose inherited diseases. ABO blood group is divided into A, B, AB, and O. ABO type is determined by two antigens and two antibodies. Due to the presence or absence of the D antigen, it is further divided into Rh-positive and Rh-negative. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to find correlation between ABO and Rh blood group with dermatoglyphic pattern in human beings. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 107 medical students studying at RMCHRC, Kanpur, UP, India. Rubber stamp ink pads were utilized to smear each finger. Imprints were obtained, and each fingerprint pattern was inspected and documented using a strong hand lens on a sturdy white piece of paper. Results: Among 1070 fingerprint patterns studied, the most common pattern observed was whorl. This pattern was present in 226 male’s digits (49.23%) and 233 female’s digits (50.26%), totaling to 459 forming 42.89% of the total patterns observed. B + blood group was the most common blood group present with whorl pattern, seen in 92 males and 99 females. Conclusion: This study shows the association between the distribution of dermatoglyphics, ABO, Rh blood group, and gender.

Testing Ink Resistance on Ballpoint and Stamp Based on Regulation of The National Archives of The Republic of Indonesia No. 7 Year 2018

The use of ballpoint ink and stamp ink is particularly important in the future condition of archives. The ink on the paper is degradable due to natural aging during conservation. It cannot be stopped but must be maintained. This paper aims to examine the durability of ink on ballpoint pens and stamps based on the Republic of Indonesia's National Archives Regulations. Ink samples were soaked in deionized water and soap solution (1% v/v) for 1 hour to identify faded ink on the surface of the paper. Chemical composition of ballpoint ink and stamp ink were analysed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and physical characterization using Video Spectral Comparator (VSC). The results of this study are the ballpoint pens commonly used in ANRI for handwriting and signatures that fade easily. Ballpoint pen inks that do not fade are Standard Lexion LX-105 and Pilot Super GP while ink that does not fade is the Archives Section stamp. The results of the GCMS analysis found 15 chemical compounds with the main compounds being long fatty acid esters. The result of VSC analysis is that each ink has distinct colour characteristics when exposed to Infrared at 645nm.

Characteristics of the Stamp Image by Different Binders of Red Stamp Ink Pastes

The material properties of the stamp ink paste determine the shape, differences in color, imprint characteristics, and damage patterns of the stamp images. It was previously confirmed that the major difference between the records of the preparation of red ink pastes was that the type of colorant was different for oil and glue. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of stamp images for each colorant of stamp ink paste were investigated, the shape and physicochemical changes in the stamp at different environmental conditions were compared, and the presence of microorganisms was determined. In animal glue stamp images, the pigment filled the fibrous pores on the support surface, and as deterioration progressed, the stamp image was not significantly damaged. Investigation of the surface of the castor oil stamp images confirmed that the stamp ink paste was entirely adsorbed onto the support fiber. Additionally, oil that diffused around the stamp images during stamping was a factor causing the yellowing of the support. Using these results, it was possible to identify the yellowing around the stamp images observed in the current artifact. In addition to stamp ink paste, stamp images, and mineral pigment elements, stamp ink paste also needs to be comprehensively studied, particularly the type of oil, stamp material, and containing agent.

Comparison of scanner method and stamp pad method for dermatoglyphic patterns

Dermatoglyphics are useful in anthropological, medico legal and genetic studies. Hereditary and prenatal environmental factors leading to malocclusion may also influence fingerprint patterns which are classified into arches, loops and whorls. Dermatoglyphic pattern can be recorded by stamp ink pad method or scanner method. This study was conducted with an aim to compare stamp pad method and scanner method in terms of visibility and ease of identification by panel of postgraduate students of orthodontic speciality.Finger print pattern of 140 digit of 14 participants with aged range of 20-40 years, were recorded by both stamp pad method and scanning method using Futronic scanner. Print out of scanned images was taken. Post graduate students were briefed about identification of different types of dermatoglyphic pattern and asked to identify finger prints of each subject which were arranged randomly in a file. The fingerprint pattern was cross-checked and identified by the operator. A questionnaire in the Google form was also given to each participant to know the ease of identification and visibility of finger pattern in both patterns. 92.8% of fingerprint pattern were correctly judged by participants for scanner method whereas 90% of fingerprint pattern were correctly judged by same participants for stamp pad method in comparison to judgement made by operator. According to participants scanner method was easier to identify due to better visibility.77.8% participants found smudges in ink pad, 83.3% participants found better color contrast in scanning method. 72.2% participants found stamp pad method to be more time consuming.It can be concluded that the scanner method may be better in terms of identification, visibility as seen by the response of participants. Therefore, there was less error in identification of fingerprint pattern with scanner method but with experience, accurate results could be derived from both the techniques.

Pembersihan Isi Sel Akar dan Jenis Warna Tinta untuk Deteksi Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic symbiosis with root of host plant. Staining technique to detect AM fungi usually used hazardous chemical. The ink stain and vinegar were used as an alternative technique to replace trypan blue and lactic acid in root staining method. This study aimed to determine time for clearing root cell contents and ink stain type to visualize the best AM fungal structures within the root observed under light microscope. Pueraria phaseoloides var. javanica roots colonized by AM fungi were cut into 1 cm long, cleared in KOH solution and stained. Four clearing time were done vis 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes, and four stains were used namely Shaeffer black ink, Parker Quink blue ink, blue stamp ink, and trypan blue. Twenty stained roots were taken randomly from each tratment, and observed. Root clearing process for 20 minutes showed the best result. Only Shaeffer black ink and trypan blue produced clear structure of external hyphae, internal hyphae, vesicles and arbuscules. Arbuscular structure stained only by Shaeffer black ink and trypan blue. This indicated that Shaeffer black ink could be used as an alternative stain to detect AM fungi within the root of host plant

Установление давности изготовления документов: теория и практика использования в судопроизводстве

The determination of the timeframe in which a document was created is applied to verify the authenticity of documents in the investigation of fraud committed by using forged documents. It is known that the document aging process affects the substrate characteristics, the study of which requires physical and chemical research of document details. This article discusses the techniques employed to examine inks, pen pastes, gel, stamp ink and other materials that created the document. Knowledge of methods for determining the age of documents will help investigators, judges and lawyers better select experts and specialists, conduct interrogations, and evaluate their conclusions.

The identification of the components, molecular structures and quality of stamp ink from gambier extract

Stamp ink is a major product of gambier plant (Uncaria gambir) extracts. Its level of tannins is usually high, making it an ideal raw material in the production of dyes and stamp ink. Hence, it is necessary to identify these color forming components in stamp ink. The aim of this study was to identify the components, molecular structures, and the quality of gambier stamp ink complexed with FeSO4. Five samples of the ink were complexed with 30%, 25%, 20%, 15% and 10% FeSO4. The Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the optimum results with 25% FeSO4 treatment. It contained 11.44% pyrocatechol, 3.74% glycerol, and 2 Propanol, 1 Amina 81.98%, with clearer printings on paper compared with other treatments.

Application of semiconductor continuous and Nd:YAG pulsed laser processing for nondestructive cleaning of the historical paper

Preservation of cultural legacy is essential for ensuring its availability for future generations. Long-term indoor storage can sometimes cause the papers to adhere, which can result in the transfer of ink stamps or prints from paper to paper, and subsequently, there emerges the need to remove these types of stains. Laser cleaning emerged as a promising technique for paper surface cleaning. This work presents the laser cleaning of a historical paper dated to the end of the 19th century using the Nd:YAG laser in a nanosecond pulsed regime, at two wavelengths, 532 and 1064 nm, and a semiconductor laser in a continuous regime, at a 552 nm wavelength. The cleaned areas are observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the laser cleaning efficiency characterized by several aspects. The results obtained by green and near-IR laser irradiation in pulsed and continuous regime are compared, showing favorable effects regardless of the laser wavelength. However, in some cases, laser cleaning at 1064 nm wavelength damaged the surface layer of the paper. Cleaning at 532 nm wavelength did not completely remove the ink, and the ink traces were visible under the microscope or spectrometer. The proposed efficient cleaning method for stain, dust, and stamp ink removal from historical papers includes a semiconductor laser at 552 nm, owing to the continuous action of its beam.

Dermatoglyphic appraisal of multiple births women in Igbo-Ora and Ogbomosho, South west, Nigeria

The scientific study of epidermal ridges on the palms and toes is termed dermatoglyphics. Multiple births occur when more than one fetus results from a single pregnancy. This study is aimed at determining the relationship if any between multiple births and palmar flexion creases. Two hundred Igbo-Ora and one hundred Ogbomosho healthy and consenting adult female indigenes aged between 25-50 years were recruited and grouped into 4; group I consisted of multiple births women in Igbo-Ora; group II consisted of single births women in Igbo-Ora; group III consisted of multiple births women in Ogbomosho; and group IV consisted of single births women in Ogbomosho. A total of 600 palms (Igbo-Ora n=400; Ogbomosho n=200) comprising of both hands were used in the study. Palm prints samples were obtained by asking the participants to wash their hands, towel dry them, after which they were stained with stamp ink pad and prints made on A4 paper in duplicates. Palm print patterns of 105 (Igbo-Ora) and 50 (Ogbomosho) women with multiple births were compared with 95 (Igbo-Ora) and 50 (Ogbomosho) women with single births. The percentage number of primary, P and intersection, I of palmar creases with complete transverse creases, C (PIC) 300 bilaterally was significantly greater (p < 0.005) in the hands of Igbo-Ora multiple births women (52.4 %) than their single births women (37.4%) while same trend was observed for Ogbomosho women although difference was statistically insignificant,(p > 0.005). In both Igbo-Ora and Ogbomosho women, PIC 310 bilaterally was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both hands of single births women than the multiple births women. Hence, dermatoglyphics can be said to have relationship with a woman’s tendency to giving birth to multiples.
 Keywords: Multiple births, dermatoglyphics, palmar flexion creases, Ogbomosho, Igbo-Ora

The physical properties, color direction and color difference of stamp ink from gambier (Uncaria gambir roxb) with complexing Al2(SO4)3 compound

The raw materials of stamp ink are usually made from synthetic materials and are toxic that can damage human health. This research uses gambier which is material from the local natural resource. The purpose of this study was to see the influence of Al2(SO4)3 on the direction and difference of color, pH, and density of the stamp ink. The study was conducted in several stages, namely the making of gambier extract, the dissolving process of raw gambier with water, drying, reducing the particle size of 100 mesh, and extracting the gambier powder with an alcohol solvent. The complexing compound Al2(SO4)3 and other supporting materials were added into the gambier extract to produce stamp ink. The stamp ink was examined the direction and difference of color, pH, and density. The optimum treatment was obtained at a concentration of 30% Al2(SO4)3 with the results of test pH 4.053; density 1.16 g/cm3; and color direction L* 41.579; a* 13.023, b* 21.132. The result of the stamp test on white paper showed that the color of the ink is visible, compact, unified and does not expand.

The medicolegal importance of establishing human identity by using dactyloscopy and rugoscopy: A comparative study.

Background:Palatal rugae are irregular and asymmetric mesenchymal ridges that extend in a lateral direction away from the incisive papilla and mid-palatine raphe. Their unique characteristics and environmental stableness justify their inclusion in forensic investigations. Dermatoglyphics or fingerprint patterns are epidermal ridges, which are genetically controlled and are specific to an individual. Hence they are used as a forensic tool.Objectives:The study aimed to assess the reliability of Rugoscopic and Dermatoglyphic patterns for gender identification.Materials and Methods:A total of 200 subjects were recruited in this prospective study. All subjects were between the age range of 18 and 55 years. The subjects were categorized into 100 males and 100 females. Fingerprint dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using stamp pad, ink, and A4 size white sheets. A subject's fingers were pressed onto the stamped ink pad and lightly pressed over a sheet of paper. Obtained patterns were coded and analyzed as per Galton's criteria into arch, loop, and whorl patterns. Palatal rugae patterns were obtained by making alginate impression material and impression trays. Obtained casts were analyzed for rugae pattern analysis using Kapali's classification. An unpaired t test was used as a statistical tool.Results:On analyzing dermatoglyphic patterns, the arch pattern was most common among male subjects, whereas loop pattern was found to be most common among females. On rugoscopic pattern analysis, Straight pattern was most frequent among males, whereas the circular pattern was common among females.Conclusion:A statistically significant difference was noted between gender and rugoscopic patterns (P = 0.02) and dermatoglyphic patterns (P = 0.03).

Application of Layered Double Magnesium–Aluminum Oxides for the Purification of Aqueous Solutions from Dyes

The possibility of purifying aqueous solutions from dyes with the use of layered double magnesium–aluminum oxides is studied. Using stamp ink as an example, it has been demonstrated that the complete recovery of dye from the solution is attained at the time of contact between the liquid (L) and solid (S) phases of 120 min and S : L = 1 : 25. The same complete recovery of dye from the aqueous solution is attained upon repeated contact between the stamp-ink solution and the solid phase of the sorbent containing stamp ink. No desorption of dye from the sorbent into the aqueous solution is observed after 120 min of contact.

Comparison of Fingerprint Pattern, Face Shape and Gender in a Hospital Based Outpatient Population

Background: Gender and face shape classification from fingerprints is an important procedure in forensic anthropology in order to identify the gender of a criminal, their face shape type and narrow down the scope of suspects search. The use of fingerprint gives a likelihood probability value of the gender of a suspect. This study will show the data collection of fingerprint, face shape and gender in an outpatient population visiting a tertiary care dental hospital in Chennai. Aim: To evaluate and determine the correlation between the fingerprint pattern with their face shape and gender among outpatient population. Materials and Method: The study group comprised of 100 individuals from an outpatient population. The materials used are normal stamp ink and white bond paper. The data obtained will be analysed on the fingerprint pattern and its correlation to the face shape and gender. Results: In males, the most dominant combination is between whorl type finger print and round face shapes which is 8% of total participants. In females, the most dominant combination is also whorl type finger print and round face shape which is 10% of total participants. Conclusion: Narrowing of suspects in the criminal identification and reduction in the time consumed are advantages of this study. In anthropology, the skull remaining can be re-built by 3D imaging which will give their face shapes and the gender can be predicted.

Dermatoglyphics and Their Relationship With Blood Group: An Exploration.

Introduction:Dermatoglyphics means the study of skin markings or patterns on fingers, hands, and feet. Dermatoglyphics is a heritable trait that is considered as a usual phenotype in criminology. Dermatoglyphics acts as a scientific method for identification of an individual and it is constant till demise.Objectives:This study was conducted to correlate the dermatoglyphics and blood grouping of 150 dental students.Materials and Methods:A pro forma was prepared on a durable white paper, rubber stamp ink pads were used for smearing each finger, imprints were taken, and each pattern of fingerprint was observed by powerful hand lens and recorded. Note was made of the sex, age, and ABO and Rh blood group for studying the relationship between types of fingerprints and relation to ABO and Rh blood type. Fingerprint was taken using the INK method as illustrated by Cummins and Mildo. Fingerprint patterns (loops, whorls, and arches) and blood data were collected.Results:In this study, 38% of subjects belonged to O blood group followed by A, B, and AB, and 96.77% of subjects were Rh-positive and 3.23% were Rh-negative.Conclusions:This study shows the association between distribution of dermatoglyphics, ABO, Rh blood group, and gender.

Measurement of a Nearly Friction-Free Stress–Strain Curve of Silicone Rubber up to a Large Strain in Compression Testing

Nominal stress–strain curves of a silicone rubber specimen with a range of length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios have been measured via compression testing. The curves are highly dependent on the L/D ratio. The contact area has been measured using stamp ink applied to the sidewall of the specimen to determine the optimal L/D ratio which yields the stress–strain curve closest to the curve of the friction-free specimen. Traces of ink appear on the platen after the compression test, indicating that the phenomenon of rollover takes place. When the L/D ratio is less than 1.0, the contact area is less than that of the friction-free specimen although the phenomenon of rollover supplements the contact area. When the L/D ratio increases up to 1.0, the contact area increases toward that of the ideal specimen that deforms uniformly under the friction-free condition; the stress–strain curve of the specimen with the L/D ratio of 1.0 can be regarded as the nearly friction-free property of silicone rubber.

Poprawa czytelności linii papilarnych opuszek palców zwłok przy wykorzystaniu Ardroksu i tuszu do stempli

Fingerprinting of corpses is more difficult than fingerprinting of living people. The level of difficulty of fingerprinting the fingertips depends on the condition of the corpse. Despite a variety of known methods of skin elastification and improvement of readability of fingerprints, better and more effective methods providing higher level of identification corpses are being sought. This publication presents the course and results of the analysis involving the potential use of Ardrox and stamp ink to improve the readability of fingerprints of corpses in various condition. The above methods were compared to the standard techniques used in forensic examination — black fingerprint ink and English soot. Obtained findings point to both methods as being highly effective in improving the readability of the fingerprints of corpses.

Fast prototyping of paper-based microfluidic devices by contact stamping using indelible ink

Here we present a fast and cheap prototyping technique for the realisation of paper-based microfluidic devices simply by using a stamp and indelible ink. The proposed mechanism involves contact stamping of indelible ink to laboratory filter paper using a PDMS stamp, which defines the microfluidic structure. It is a cleanroom and washing steps-free method which provides a reproducible method for the production of functional paper-based microfluidic devices in a single step in less than 10 s. The method is fully characterised and the concept has been applied, as a proof-of-principle, for the realisation of a low-cost colorimetric glucose sensor.

Application of Raman spectroscopy in forensic investigation of questioned documents involving stamp inks

Stamp pad inks from different manufacturers across India have been analyzed to investigate the feasibility of Raman scattering as a tool for forensic analysis of questioned documents involving stamp inks. Nine different stamping inks were analyzed by both Raman spectroscopic and HPTLC methods. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods in classifying the investigated stamping inks based on their spectral pattern and HPTLC chromatogram. Raman scattering tool was able to determine the sequence of heterogeneous intersection strokes involving a blue stamp pad ink and other writing instruments, such as ballpoint pen ink (red and black), pencil and laser printer toner. However, this method was unable to resolve the exact sequencing for the intersection strokes involving investigated stamp ink and blue ballpoint ink or gel pen ink (all colors).

Fingerprint Patterns in Hamadan, Iran

Background: The goal of the Present work was to determine frequencies of different finger patterns of a population in Hamadan (one of the western cities of Iran) in 1997. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the .prints of the first phalanx of both hands of 717 randomly selected Hamadan students (i88 men, 529 women) have taken, by using standard method (stamp ink). The fingerprints were classified according to Galton nomenclature and its subclasses (total of 10 types). Results: The most frequent type in this study was ulnar loop (37.66%) and the least frequent type was Central pocket (0.12%). Frequencies of different types were significantly different neither in right and left hands nor between men and women.

Ink stamping lithography using polydimethylsiloxane stamp by surface energy modification

We studied a direct ink stamp (IS) process as a next generation patterning method using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft stamp and low viscosity ink resist. A propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) diluted novolak resist was used as an ink resist. The soft stamp and metal coated glass were treated by UV ozone to achieve hydrophilic surface. The process conditions such as the resist thickness on PDMS stamp, resist viscosity, surface energy of stamp and substrate were optimized in this work. A stripe pattern with 4.3μm width Cr pattern was made.