Stamp Duty Research Articles

Strengthening Nigeria’s Weak Economy; Does Agricultural Exports Really Matter? Evidence from Cotton Seed Exports

Following recent weakness in Nigeria’s economy, this paper examines how to possibly strengthen the weak economy through agricultural exports particularly cotton seed exports. The paper combines data on yearly cotton seed exports in Nigeria over 46 years (1970-2015) with data on the determinants to examine the relevant variables. Co-integration approach was used in analyzing the data to examine the presence of a co-integrating relationship between the variables in the short and long run. There are two main results from the study. First, the export of cotton seed in Nigeria within the study period was low and fluctuating apart from the 70s when it was high and stable. Second, there was Co-integration relationship between cotton seed export and macroeconomic factors during the study period in Nigeria as it indicated that producers’ price, exchange rate and output are long-run determinants of cotton seed exports. The results therefore indicate that commitments to policies and programmes that can favourdeterminants of cotton seeds exports in Nigeria are calls certainly in the right direction to strengthen its weak economy. These include the provision of export incentives such as removal of stamp duties from export trade, provision of explicit export bonuses, aligning producer price with export price as well as encouraging private sector inclusion through the provision of an enabling environment for the private sector to flourish and get involved in the strengthening of the weak economy. The paper has contributed to agricultural development policy implications connected with agricultural export programs for the government, investors, exporters and farmers in Nigeria.

Enhance Transparency Accounting Information As a Sipp Application And Case Financial Application In Presenting The Financial Statements of Case in The Environment of Religious Jurisdictions

Today, along with the times, we are required to be able to adapt to the rapid development of information technology, where every activity or job is made easier by the emergence of various digital-based systems or applications that uphold the principles of effectiveness, and efficiency and modernity. So that now various agencies both from government, private sector, and others continue to innovate in the use of technology to facilitate work while still paying attention to the accuracy of results and ease of work supervision, this aims to improve the quality of employee performance and achieve the agency's goals. Initially, the implementation of case financial administration activities within the Religious Courts was still carried out manually. By the cashier as a duty supervisor, each financial transaction is recorded in the Root Financial Master Book according to the registered case number. The recording of each transaction is carried out on a cash basis. The cashier will record the income from the down-payment of incoming cases and incur costs related to the case process such as processing fees, non-tax state income (PNBP), notification of summons to the Plaintiff/Applicant/Defendant/Respondent, notification of notification, local inspection (decent), editorial staff stamp duty and others, or make a return of the remaining down payment to the parties whose case has been decided in the trial. Considering that the recording activities are related to the registration of incoming cases, trial activities, the existence of cases that have been dropped as well as daily transactions that are handed over to each Treasurer and Bailiff. Likewise, when presenting case financial reports, journaling is done manually which is of course quite time-consuming and prone to recording errors. As the Case, Tracking Information System (SIPP) application, which is further complemented by the Badilag Case Financial Application, enables the management of case financial administration and reporting to be carried out effectively, efficiently, and transparently. The way it works is by inputting every case financial transaction into the SIPP, the data is directly integrated with the e-Financial application

Reasons for dissolution of marriages of peasants in the Yaroslavl, Tver and Tobolsk provinces in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries

The aim of the study was to study the motives of peasants applying to the spiritual consistories to obtain divorce permits in the Yaroslavl, Tver and Tobolsk provinces in the second half of the 19th early 20th centuries. Tasks were set to find out the number of surviving cases initiated by petitions for the termination of marriage by peasants separately for each sex and the reason for discord in the family. The source base was previously unknown archival documents of the State Institution of the Yaroslavl Region "The State Archive of the Yaroslavl Region, the State Institution of the Tver Region The State Archive of the Tver Region and the State Budgetary Institution of the Tyumen Region The State Archive in Tobolsk. General scientific and historical methods were used, in particular historical-comparative and historical-typological, as well as methods of gender history. As a result of the analysis of archival materials, the main reasons for the desire of the peasants to dissolve the marriage were identified: adultery; link; unknown absence of a spouse; incapacity for married life; lack of desire to live with a husband / wife; beatings; mental disorder; religious differences. The hypothesis was confirmed that adultery in the studied period was the most frequent reason for drawing up petitions for divorce. However, most of the cases ended with an instruction to continue living together in peace and harmony, or refusal due to non-compliance with the requirements for filing petitions (non-payment of stamp duty, drawing up documents on plain paper instead of stamp paper, failure to provide evidence). This article is the first stage in studying the history of marital relations in the Yaroslavl, Tver and Tobolsk provinces, identifying similarities and differences in motives, types of marital conflicts, as well as determining their consequences, methods of solution and prevention.

Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Abstract: Health being the state of complete physical and mental wellbeing is an imperative part of humankind .Healthcare sector been a capital incentive sector having complicated entry barrier for investors like acquiring land for making hospital, stamp duties on it, human resource crunch which further act as roadblock for the government in providing universal good healthcare services to its citizenry . In this regard artificial intelligence is leading to disruption in the healthcare sector which is helping poor in safeguarding them from been exploited by extravagant out of pocket expenditure on unnecessary medical checkups and treatments and providing them on time health services. Moreover the compartmentalization of healthcare services between centre and state as it been the state subject in 7 schedule of Indian Constitution further make the task more discommoded. Artificial Intelligence finds a lot of applications in the healthcare sector which includes cancer detection, diabetes detection, heart disease detection, Malaria detection, Kidney disease detection and a lot more. So, leveraging on the opportunities thrown by the COVID and keeping in view the relaxations in Telehealth regularisation in the law of land by the government with taking silence bias in consideration we are developing a ecosystem for non communicable disease which can be use by a person with restricted medical knowledge as well as in ease of their home thereby making early disease detection and diagnosis handy. Therefore, disease must automatically be detected with higher precision if we provide the necessary inputs to our web solution so as to benefit user that are reluctant to visit hospital on the onset of minor symptoms .It will also helps in easing patient load on the doctor, healthcare system as our solution can give a basic idea of severity of the disease to the patient treating doctor by means of image processing technology at an early stage. It consists of image capturing, preprocessing images, image segmentation, extraction of features and disease classification. The digital image processing method is one of those strong techniques used far earlier than human eyes could see to identify the tough symptoms. There is a great demand for such a solutions in the world of today which would enable to detect disease earlier. We have proposed in this study a system where the web application can detect various type of disease namely cancer, diabetes, heart, liver, kidney diseases, malaria, pneumonia this may be done if the associated disease parameters are known properly. Keywords: Disease Detection, Artificial Intelligence, Healthcare, Machine Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks.

Urgensi Pembubuhan Meterai Pada Salinan Akta Sebagai Alat Bukti Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2020

Stamps in documents of a civil nature are very important for legal certainty in fulfilling evidence to be submitted to court. Therefore, stamp duty is very important in terms of proof in court so that in the use of stamp duty there are of course legal rules that regulate it. Even though there are legal rules that regulate it, often the Land Deed Making Officer violates the applicable legal rules. The problem to be studied is the regulation of the use of stamp duty on the copy of the deed of the Land Deed Official and the validity of the copy of the deed of the Land Deed Maker who uses stamp duty as evidence in court. The research method used is normative juridical so that the research is descriptive and the data source comes from secondary data, then this study uses a legal approach and a conceptual approach and analyzes the data using qualitative analysis. As for the results of the research, namely the regulation of the use of stamp duty on the copy of the deed of the Land Deed Official is regulated in Law Number 13 of 1985 concerning Stamp Duty, Draft Law of 2016, Law Number 10 of 2020 concerning Stamp Duty and the validity of the copy. Land Deed Officials who use stamps as evidence in court are regulated in Law Number 10 of 2020 concerning Stamp Duty that must put stamps on the signatures of Land Deed Making Officials so that they have legal force and fulfill legal certainty in order to be used as evidence. in the court.

The market distortion effects of mortgage tightening and transaction taxes: Evidence from Hong Kong residential resale market

AbstractBy using transaction‐level data, we study if two popular policies intended to cool an overheated housing market would serve their intended purposes. We found both mortgage tightening and Special Stamp Duties (SSD) actually led to higher starter home prices in Hong Kong. Mortgage tightening shifted the demand for bigger homes to that for smaller ones. The SSD that applies to resales within a specified period of the original purchase lowered turnover across the housing market. The decline in turnover is, as expected, sharpest for small flats, implying a dramatic shrinkage in second‐hand supply of such homes, driving their prices up. We also found transactions bunching as many homes are held till the SSD is no longer applicable, indicating lock‐in effects. Relative to those that are not subject to the SSD, the prices of properties subject to the levy are found to be lower by 6.8%.

ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS OF BANK BRANCH MANAGERS ON WORKING OF THE GUJARAT STATE CO-OPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL & RURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK LTD.

This study captured the perceptions of bank branch managers on working of The Gujarat State Co-Operative Agricultural & Rural Development Bank Ltd. (GSCARDB). The managers were asked to rate 30 perceptions to which extent they agree or disagree with each perception statement about GSCARD bank. This study was conducted in six districts of Gujarat State. Primary research among the branch managers was carried out using structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, normality checks, one sample t-test etc. are carried out. The study findings shows that the bank managers have better perceptions on The GSCARDBank about loan sanctioning and disbursement, meeting the needs and providing rebate/incentives to borrowers and support to branches. They have shown lower perception levels about stamp duty charges, rate of interest, competition scenario, technology upgradation and staffing needs, which GSCARD bank can further investigate and take strategic decisions on these lines.

Penyerahan Tanah Yang Terikat Dalam Perjanjian Dondon Di Desa Aeklung Kecamatan Doloksanggul Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan

ABSTRACT
 The Dondon Agreement is to pawn a plot of rice field land to another party with an agreement that one day the land will be redeemed by the owner and when the land is pawned the land owner will receive the amount of money that the land owner needs from the dondon recipient. Dondon agreements according to customary law have a minimum time limit of 2 years, but in reality what happened in Aeklung village, Doloksanggul district, Humbang Hasundutan district, especially in hamlet I, the people still use the dondon agreement not using the time limit as it should be. The formulation of the problem from this research is how is the mechanism for transferring the dondon agreement in Aeklung village, Doloksanggul district, Humbang Hasundutan district, what are the rights and obligations of the parties who make the dondon agreement, how are the legal protections for the parties who make the dondon agreement. This study uses empirical legal research that is descriptive analytical. The mechanism for the transfer of the dondon agreement in Aeklung village, Doloksanggul sub-district, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, namely party I (dondon giver) and party II (dondon recipient) meet together to make a dondon agreement under sufficient stamp duty witnessed by each party. Based on the agreement, the rights and obligations of the parties arise.

Tax Revenue Impact on Economic Growth in Nigeria: ARDL Bounds Test and Cointegration Approach

The paper aims to explore how the introduction of an electronic tax system impacts on economic growth in Nigeria. The neoclassical growth theory and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used in the study. Based on diagnostic tests, Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds test regression model was adequately created. The quarterly secondary data of Central Bank of Nigeria and tax statistics data were divided into two periods for analysis: from 2011q1 to 2015q3 pre-electronic tax period (pre-e-tax) and from 2015q4 to 2020q4 post-electronic tax period (post-e-tax). In pre-e-tax in the long-run, education trust fund revenue strongly enhances economic growth, company income tax and stamp duty are moderate revenue earners for economic growth, while petroleum profit tax revenue have moderate negative impact on economic growth. Value added tax and capital gain tax revenues insignificantly decreases in economic growth in the same period. In post-e-tax in the long run, value added tax, petroleum profit tax, and capital gin tax insignificantly decreases economic growth, while company income tax, education trust fund, and stamp duty insignificantly enhance it. For pre-e-tax revenue in the short-run, education trust fund strongly decreases economic growth, value added tax and petroleum profit tax had insignificant positive influence, while company income tax, capital gain tax, and stamp duty had no impact. For post-e-tax revenue in the short-run company income tax had no influence, value added tax had moderate negative impact, petroleum profit tax had a strong positive impact, education trust fund, capital gain tax, and stamp duty had strong negative impact on economic growth. To optimize the relationship between tax structure and economic growth, tax evasion, corruption, and tax avoidance should be checked.

Perceptions of Individual Taxpayers towards the Intention to Pay Stamp Duty Tax to Zanzibar Revenue Board

The purpose of this study is to look at how individual taxpayers in Zanzibar feel about paying stamp duty. The study’s underlying idea was the theory of planned conduct. The research included 52 individual taxpayers, as well as two staff from the Zanzibar Revenue Board (ZRB). The link between knowledge, peer influence, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention to comply with stamp duty was investigated using interview methods. The findings demonstrated that behavioral intention was strongly and positively connected to knowledge and perceived behavioral control factors, whereas peer influence had a small but significant impact on behavioral intention. It is suggested that efforts be directed toward raising awareness of the necessity for governments to use taxes to assist them to grow their treasuries for public services.

Impact of an Anti-Foreign Stamp Duty on Local Housing Market Outcomes in New South Wales

Impact of an Anti-Foreign Stamp Duty on Local Housing Market Outcomes in New South Wales

Mental capacity including testamentary capacity.

Mental capacity including testamentary capacity.

Causality Analysis of Non-oil Tax Component of Government Revenue, Company Income and Transaction Taxes: Evidence from a Third World Developing Economy

Overtly, the colossal infrastructural deficit occasioned by the ever increasing population of Nigeria requires sizeable revenue strings if they must be copiously addressed. Largely, the country has over time relied on oil revenue to carry-out her sacred duty of welfare and security provision along with efforts targeted at guaranteeing freedom of her citizenry amongst others. With the recent global drop in oil prices, there has been a general call for government to reinforce other channels of revenue generation so that the country can weather the tides of economic turmoil. This however calls for an understanding of the interrelatedness of various components of accruable revenue to the government through a causality study of such revenue components. This study thus focuses on a causality analysis of non-oil tax component of government revenue, company income and transaction taxes by obtaining empirical evidence from a third world developing economy – Nigeria. Time series data for 15 years were analysed based on the study's intent and with the use of relevant statistics like the unit root tests, chow test, granger causality test, least square and auto regressive regression analysis. Our study's outcome proved that while federally generated revenue proved to have been significantly improved by revenue from income taxes and stamp duties, the tax policies and their subsequent amendments could not exert significant influence on non-oil tax revenue of government during the period. On this note, we recommend the need for effective policy pertaining to Stamp Duties and Companies' Income Tax (CIT) along with a marginal reduction in tax holidays of companies to the extent that the Stamp Duties' Act (SDA) is fully enforced/implemented vis-à-vis strict penalties for non-compliance. Outcome from this research has policy implications which stand to benefit regulatory bodies/policy makers, tax consultants, academics and key stakeholders as it presents key issues relating to CIT, SDA, and non-oil revenue of Nigeria's government.

DISSEMINATION OF DOCUMENTARY STAMP TAX BASED ON THE NEW LAWS IN SOUTH MERUYA

Tax on documents or more commonly known as stamp duty, is a tax levied on documents. Documents that are subject to stamp duty are documents made as a tool to explain an event of a civil nature and documents used as evidence in court. The imposition of this Stamp Duty is based on the law established by the government, namely Law No. 13 of 1985. After 35 The year the government replaced the law on Stamp Duty with a new regulation, namely Law No. 10 of 2020, which came into effect on January 1, 2021. In this new law, several changes are adapted to the situation, good socioeconomic condition, law, and information technology. Because it is a new law, some people are not aware of any changes to this law.For this reason, it needs to be disseminated so that people are aware and able to use Stamp Duty by the provisions of the new law. The dissemination was carried out by the lecture method online using the Zoom application. The results can be seen from the questions given to the participants, which can be understood by the participants and answered correctly. This dissemination can further raise public awareness to know and understand the new regulations related to stamp duty.

RPGT: A Practical View on Disposing and Acquiring Property in Malaysia by both Malaysian and Foreigner

Real Property Gains Tax Act 1976 (hereinafter referred to as “the RPGT Act”) has been gazzated on 25 March 1976 and come to its enforcement in Malaysia. The purpose of the RPGT Act is to provide the Inland Revenue Board with the relevant guidelines on the imposition, assessment and collection of a tax on gains (hereinafter referred to as “the RPGT”) derived from the sale and purchase or disposal and acquisition of immovable properties in Malaysia. While for this Article, the Stamp Act 1949 (hereinafter referred to as “the Stamp Act”) governed payment of stamp duty in relates to the acquisition of properties in Malaysia. Under both the Stamp Act and the RPGT Act, taxes will be imposed for selling/disposing of properties in Malaysia. This Article aimed to focus on the RPGT and stamp duty that arises in acquiring property in Malaysia either by Malaysian citizens and/or foreigners by way of Sale and Purchase Agreement, Deed of Gift or inheritance by Will hoping to reward the readers to have a basic understanding of the said issues.

Rational pricing responses of developers to supply shocks: Evidence from Singapore

Singapore's government imposed a new transaction tax in the form of an Additional Buyer's Stamp Duty (ABSD) on developers who fail to sell all units within 5 years for projects that commenced after 2011. We find significant evidence that the ABSD shock triggers rational responses by private developers, who cut prices to clear unsold housing units. Developers of the ABSD-affected projects strategically cut prices by 2.8% to sell units in year 5 relative to other projects that are not subject to the ABSD. We also find that the treatment effects come mostly from three groups of developers, which include large developers, small project developers and local developers. Liquidity constraints and differential reference points are two potential channels that drive the differential price cutting responses of developers to the policy shock in the housing market.

Tax benefits of the asset management foundation and trust in Hungary

Abstract The tax treatment of the trust, the private foundation and the AMF is based on tax neutrality in Hungary, providing at least an equal and not burdensome treatment of these vehicles compared to any other alternative legal solutions. This treatment includes that the trustee and the foundation are treated as intermediaries from a tax and stamp duty perspective, with the outcome that the acquisition of the ownership of the transferred assets by the trustee or foundation does not trigger taxation. Moreover, asset owners are encouraged to use these vehicles as significant tax benefits that are provided in connection with the asset transfer, management and distribution.

Financial Transaction Tax in Europe

Over the last two decades, the European Union (EU) and various European States have proposed or created several taxes aimed at increasing the overall tax burden to which the financial sector is currently subject. The interest in new taxable events and the need to regulate financial markets’ functioning are two powerful reasons that support the application of this type of tax. This article details both the European Commission’s Proposals for Directives on Financial Transaction Tax, and the related taxes currently in force in Europe. Evidence shows that the goal of harmonized taxation in this area is far from being achieved and that national decisions are based on two different models: a tax on the registration of certain transactions and a tax on financial transactions levied on the financial intermediaries involved in such transactions. This article focuses on the comparative experience of European States in the adoption of this type of tax. This review will highlight the differences and similarities between different national taxes, and ultimately the possibilities of the EU’s Financial Transaction Tax Proposal becoming effective. Transaction Tax, Stamp Duty, European Commission’s Proposals, Harmonization, Financial Transactions, High, frequency Operations, Taxation Trends

Kekuatan Pembuktian Suatu Surat Pernyataan Bermaterai Dalam Sengketa Keperdataan di Pengadilan

In every civil dispute in the court, it is often to find a statement letter with a seal on it, which is used in other to proving or claiming a person's rights, nevertheles how is the legality in a civil trial? This writing is conducted in order to describe the evidentiary force of a letter made on a stamp duty through normative legal research method by examining problems normatively using a conceptual approach. A stamped statement is a privately made deed as evidence and filed in a civil dispute in court. It can have the full evidentiary force as long as the party in the letter acknowledges its veracity.
 Keywords: Evidence, Stamped, Civil Dispute

Attempting to establish land tax and stamp duty in France in 1787

The paper examines the short-term introduction of land tax and stamp duty by Lomnie de Brienne in the summer of 1787 and their further abolition in September 1787. The introduction of new taxes became an urgent need in France in 1787. The huge budget deficit, external debts forced the government to first turn to notables for public approval of the reform plan, and after the failure of this idea, to register through the Paris Parliament in the summer of 1787. Parliamentarians opposed the introduction of these taxes. To combat the deficit, they called for a general economy, cut costs and increased income, demanded the convening of the States General, on which new taxes should be introduced. Discussions and correspondence with the king continued in July and early August 1787. At the royal meeting on August 6, taxes were adopted, but parliament did not obey and advocated their abolition. The king sent parliament into exile. Negotiations began, which led to a compromise: the land tax and stamp duty were canceled, and the term of two twenty was extended until 1792. The work analyzes the stages of the adoption and cancellation of new taxes, highlights the requirements of parliament and the royal administration, studies the land tax edict and the stamp declaration, collection and edict on their cancellation, considers remonstration and decisions of the Paris Parliament, the kings answers and analyzes the reflection of these events in the press and publicism.