Stakeholder Interviews Research Articles

Promoting planting in front gardens: a systematic approach to intervention development.

Planting in front gardens is associated with a range of human and environmental health benefits. Effective interventions aimed at cultivating this practice are, however, hampered by the paucity of theory- and evidence-based behavioural research in this context. This study aims to systematically determine a set of behaviour change interventions likely to be effective at promoting planting in front gardens amongst UK householders. The Behaviour Change Wheel framework was applied. Behavioural systems mapping was used to identify community actors relevant to front gardening. Potential behavioural influences on householders' front gardening were identified using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour model. Using peer-reviewed scientific findings as evidence, behavioural influences were systematically linked to potential intervention strategies, behaviour change techniques and real-world implementation options. Finally, intervention recommendations were refined through expert evaluations and local councillor and public stakeholder feedback, evaluating them against the Acceptability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Affordability, Side effects and Equity criteria in a UK implementation context. This study formulated 12 intervention recommendations, implementable at a community level, to promote front gardening. Stakeholder feedback revealed a preference for educational and supportive (social and practical) strategies (e.g., community gardening workshops, front gardening 'starter kits') over persuasive and motivational approaches (e.g., social marketing, motivational letters from the council to householders). Householders' front gardening behaviour is complex and influenced by the behaviour of many other community actors. It also needs to be understood as a step in a continuum of other behaviours (e.g., clearing land, gardening, waste disposal). This study demonstrates the application of behavioural science to an understudied implementation context, that is, front gardening promotion, drawing on a rigorous development process promoting a transparent approach to intervention design. Stakeholder consultation allowed relevance, feasibility and practical issues to be considered. These improve the likely effectiveness of interventions in practice. The next steps include evaluating the proposed interventions in practice.

A Study of Talent Acquisition Lifecycle – A Review on Pyxidia Techlab

The research paper explores into the use of digital tools in talent acquisition, focusing on sourcing, screening, and shortlisting applicants. In today's digital age, recruitment has adopted a variety of digital tools, including video job descriptions (JDs) and resumes. These technologies make it possible to examine candidates efficiently, focusing on communication skills, personality, and cultural fit before inviting them to interviews. Keyword utilization speeds up applicant selection based on qualifications and experience. Following the initial screening, AI-driven questionnaires assess candidates' job-related skills and knowledge. This ensures that only the most competent candidates make it to HR and stakeholder interviews. These in-person or virtual interviews test interpersonal skills and problem-solving ability. Following completion, successful applicants go through onboarding, which includes team introductions and resource allocation for effective role performance. Talent acquisition has been altered by digital technologies like as video JDs, resumes, AI questions, and virtual interviews. This saves time and resources while also increasing productivity, employee satisfaction, and organizational success. Keywords— Talent Acquisition, Methodology, Stages, Challenges, E-Recruitment.

Strategic water resource management: pump stations in Fayoum City, Egypt

Water scarcity presents significant challenges to sustainable development, particularly in arid regions like Fayoum City, Egypt, which faces particular water challenges due to its unique topography. This study explores the pivotal role of pump stations and wastewater reuse in mitigating water scarcity and promoting sustainable water management practices. Utilizing a comprehensive mixed-method approach, including desk research, field surveys, stakeholder interviews, and integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) into a decision-making framework. The study categorizes pump stations into priority ranking groups based on the evaluation of the following criteria: efficiency, operating hours, working unit ratio, and discharge capacity. The investigation reveals that the 72 pump stations in Fayoum City play a vital role in regulating water levels, optimizing distribution, and facilitating the reuse of irrigation wastewater. Despite operational challenges, such as manpower shortages and maintenance issues, these stations are crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity and addressing water scarcity concerns, including the prevention of recurring inundation events like the one in 2012. Moreover, the study underscores the potential of wastewater reuse as a sustainable solution to water scarcity, particularly in meeting agricultural water demands and mitigating water balance issues, such as inundation. Based on the findings, the study proposes actionable recommendations, including upgrading high-priority pump stations, evaluating lower-priority ones, enhancing canal infrastructure, and promoting water-efficient irrigation methods. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the pivotal role of pump stations and wastewater reuse in addressing water scarcity challenges in arid regions. By implementing the proposed recommendations, Fayoum City can optimize its water management practices, ensure water security, and support the long-term development of the region.

The Roadmap toward Personalized Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities.

In 2019, the International Consortium for Personalised Medicine (ICPerMed) developed a vision on how the use of personalized medicine (PM) approaches will promote "next-generation" medicine in 2030 more firmly centered on the individual's personal characteristics, leading to improved health outcomes within sustainable healthcare systems through research, development, innovation, and implementation for the benefit of patients, citizens, and society. Nevertheless, there are significant hurdles that healthcare professionals, researchers, policy makers, and patients must overcome to implement PM. The ICPerMed aims to provide recommendations to increase stakeholders' awareness on actionable measures to be implemented for the realization of PM. Starting with best practice examples of PM together with consultation of experts and stakeholders, a careful analysis that underlined hurdles, opportunities, recommendations, and information, aiming at developing knowledge on the requirements for PM implementation in healthcare practices, has been provided. A pragmatic roadmap has been defined for PM integration into healthcare systems, suggesting actions to overcome existing barriers and harness the potential of PM for improved health outcomes. In fact, to facilitate the adoption of PM by diverse stakeholders, it is mandatory to have a comprehensive set of resources tailored to stakeholder needs in critical areas of PM. These include engagement strategies, collaboration frameworks, infrastructure development, education and training programs, ethical considerations, resource allocation guidelines, regulatory compliance, and data management and privacy.

Therapeutic drug monitoring in anticancer agents: perspectives of Australian medical oncologists.

In the development of anticancer agents for solid tumours, body surface area continues to be used to personalise dosing despite minimal evidence for its use over other dosing strategies. With the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other oral targeted anticancer agents, dosing using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is now utilised in many health systems but has had limited uptake in Australia. To determine attitudes and barriers to the implementation of TDM among Australian oncologists. A comprehensive questionnaire was developed by the Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group from semistructured interviews of stakeholders. Seventy-nine questions across seven domains were developed with three free-text responses. This was rationalised to 17 questions with three free-text responses for Australian medical oncologists who identified limited experience with TDM. Fifty-seven responses were received, with 49 clinicians (86%) identifying limited experience of performing TDM in daily practice. Clinicians were positive (62-91% agree/strongly agree across seven questions) about the advantages of TDM. There was a mixed response for cost-effectiveness and scientific evidence being a barrier to implementation, but strong agreement that prospective studies were needed (75% agreed or strongly agreed); that national treatment guidelines would enable practice (80%) and that a 'pharmacology of oncolytics' education programme would be useful (96%) to provide knowledge for dose individualisation. Despite the limited experience of TDM in oncology in Australia, medical oncologists appear positive about the potential benefit to their patients. We have identified three barriers to implementation that could be targeted for increased adoption of TDM in oncology in Australia.

Staff-Family Communication Methods in Long-Term Care Homes: An Integrative Review

Context: Communication methods have been trialled to promote staff-family relations and facilitate person-centred care for residents living in long-term care homes. A review and synthesis of the common methods will inform the development of staff-family communication methods, policy and best practice guidelines. Objectives: 1) synthesise and summarise common communication methods, and types(s) of delivery, used for staff-family communication in long-term care homes; and 2) identify any challenges that impacted the implementation of the communication method(s). Methods: An integrative review was employed to incorporate papers with diverse research designs. It involved a comprehensive database and grey literature search, and study selection based on inclusion criteria. Data from included studies were extracted, coded and categorised by common communication method, delivery type(s) and challenges; studies were assessed for quality. Findings: A total of 3,183 potential papers were retrieved from seven international databases. Twenty-four original papers from six countries meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed and assessed for quality (M = 30; SD = 3.8). Common communication methods (structured education, meetings and takeaway resources) and challenges to implementation (confusion, misunderstanding and disagreement; lack of time; and technological difficulties) were identified and summarised. Limitations: The exclusion of papers published more than 20 years ago, geographical concentration of studies in high-income countries, and absence of stakeholder consultation may limit the generalisability and depth of the findings. Implications: Staff professional development and education, technology training and support, and accessibility of information in pamphlets and resources for family are crucial for facilitating staff-family communication in long-term care homes.

Management of textile waste in Europe: An environmental and a socio-economic assessment of current and future scenarios

Textile production and consumption continues to grow, and yet textile waste management in Europe remains suboptimal. This study assesses and compares the life cycle impacts of managing selected textile waste fractions via selected technologies, under current and future framework conditions. The study combines environmental and socio-economic analyses with data input from stakeholder consultation within the European Union. Preparing for reuse is the most beneficial management pathway from both an environmental and a socio-economic perspective. Overall, mechanical recycling is the second-most preferred pathway for most environmental impact categories. However, for recycling pathways to be economically competitive against incineration, either CO2 prices will have to increase, or technology and processing costs will have to decrease. The uncertainty analysis identified critical parameters, such as substitution factors and yields of most desirable products from the recycling processes. The results offer a detailed basis for prioritising technology pathways for future textile waste management in Europe.

Effective Stakeholder Management for Inclusive Post-Flood Management: Sri Lanka as a Case Study

This study aimed to examine post-flood management, with a particular focus on enhancing the inclusivity of marginalised communities through stakeholder analysis. This study was based on an interpretivist mixed method approach, under which 30 semi-structured stakeholder interviews were conducted. Interest versus power versus actual engagement matrix, social network analysis, and thematic analysis techniques were employed under the stakeholder analysis tool to analyse the collected data. The findings highlight the lack of clearly defined responsibilities among key stakeholders. Marginalised communities and community-based organisations have a high level of interests but a low level of power in decision making, resulting in weak engagement and the exclusion of their perceptions. This lack of collaboration and coordination among stakeholders has made marginalised communities more vulnerable in post-flood situations, as their interests are not defended. The findings emphasise the importance of conducting stakeholder analysis in the decision-making process to enhance stakeholder engagement and interaction, as well as promote inclusivity of marginalised communities in the post-flood recovery efforts of the government. Finally, this study recommends developing strategies to improve collaboration among stakeholders, fostering inclusiveness and customising these strategies according to the different types of stakeholders identified through stakeholder analysis.

Exploring the Potential of an Eye Tissue Donor Reporting App in Enhancing the Procurement of Corneal Donors: Mixed Methods Observational Study.

The availability of donated eye tissue saves and enhances vision in transplant recipients; however, the current demand for tissue surpasses the available supply. Corneal donor shortages lead to increased wait times, delayed surgeries, prolonged visual impairment, and increased inconvenience to patients requiring eye tissue transplantation. A web-based application was previously developed to facilitate easy and intuitive submission of potential donor information. The primary objectives of this study were to assess health care professionals' attitudes toward the potential application and evaluate its effectiveness based on user feedback and donor registrations through the application. Researchers used a mixed methods approach, commencing with a literature review to identify challenges associated with donor procurement. Stakeholder interviews were conducted to gauge health care professionals' perspectives regarding the application. User feedback was collected through questionnaires, surveys, and interviews to assess the application's usability and impact. An assessment of the reported potential donors and questionnaire responses were analyzed. The final version of the application successfully reported 24 real cornea donors. Among 64 health care providers who used the application to communicate about potential donors, 32 of them submitted trial entries exclusively for testing purposes. The remaining 8 health care professionals reported potential donors; however, these individuals did not meet the donor qualification criteria. The majority of participants found the application user-friendly and expressed their readiness to use it in the future. Positive ratings were assigned to the layout, appearance, purpose, and specific features of the application. Respondents highlighted the automatic sending of notifications via SMS text messages and the integration of all necessary documents for donor qualification and tissue collection as the most valuable functions of the application. The study indicates that donor reporting applications offer promising solutions to enhance tissue donor procurement. This application streamlined the reporting process, reduced paperwork, facilitated communication, and collected valuable data for analysis.

Narratives of Blended Experience

Abstract This paper focuses on interaction across and between the physical/digital divide. We use blending theory to design for these situations, otherwise known as conceptual integration. Initially, this paper offers a discussion of the literature around blends. From this literature, we applied Benyon’s (Benyon, 2014) proposition of conceptual integration in mixed reality spaces (Blended Spaces) to consider interactions with the digital that complement the physical. We investigated blended spaces in partnership with undergraduate students during a live theatre festival. Our collaborators designed applications that applied blending principles, employing techniques drawn from speculative design. Outputs consist of speculative, narrative storyboards that use data gathered directly from stakeholder interviews and over 380 festival visitors. Our work led us to propose reworking Blended Spaces into a model that novice designers could easily conceive and apply. The work we conducted highlighted the need to consider user transitions from physical to digital and back again and highlighted the experiential nature of this type of interaction.

Pemanfaatan Sig Untuk Untuk Mengurangi Resiko Bencana Banjir Di Kota Demak

The application of Geographic Information Systems (SIG) has become an important tool in combating the risk of flood disasters in many areas, including Demak City. This research aims to explore and evaluate the possible benefits of implementing SIG to reduce the danger of flooding in Demak City. The study approaches used include stakeholder interviews, field surveys, and geographic data analysis. The research results show how useful SIG is for creating early warning systems, identifying air flow patterns, and mapping areas vulnerable to flooding. The use of SIG also enables improved coordination of flood mitigation and management among various interconnected entities. This study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the function of geospatial information technology in disaster management and provides useful insights for stakeholders to create more effective methods for mitigating flood hazards in Demak City.

Rare Opportunity or History Revisited? The Pitfalls and Prospects of Ethical AI in Light of Public Ethical Responses to the Telegraph

This article undertakes a comparative ethical analysis of the types of public expectations and concerns related to the development of two technologies: the telegraph and artificial intelligence. For each technology I provide a historical survey of public ethical expectations and concerns followed by a survey of the outcome or results of those expectations. Expectations and concerns of the telegraph era public are drawn together from popular and public literature and regulation of the period, whereas the expectations and concerns of our contemporary public AI engagement are drawn both from popular literature and public surveys, and supported by a manual search and ranking of a number of ethics related terms found in the raw feedback of the Stakeholder Consultation on the EU Commission High Level Expert Group Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. I then go on to compare those results, highlighting the similarities and differences between the two technologies, in particular the positive economic and socially responsible use expectations outcomes and the negative concerns regarding monopoly, regulation, and control. Finally, I argue that, taking the telegraph outcome as a guide, an ethical focus on accentuating positive expectations toward AI is more likely to produce definite results than concentrating upon prohibitory and negative approaches.

Customization and acceptability of the WHO labor care guide to improve labor monitoring among health workers in Uganda. An iterative development, mixed method study.

Cognisant of persistently high maternal and perinatal mortality rates, WHO called for adoption and evaluation of new adaptable and context-specific solutions to improve labor monitoring and health outcomes. We aimed at customizing/refining the new WHO labour care guide (LCG) to suite health care provider needs (HCP) in monitoring labour in Uganda. We used mixed methods to customize/refine and pilot test the new WHO LCG using stakeholder perspectives. Between 1st July 2023 and 30th December 2023, we conducted; 1)30 stakeholder interviews to identify user needs/challenges that informed initial modifications of the WHO LCG; 2)15 HCP in-depth interviews to identify any further needs to modify the LCG; 3) Two focus group discussions and 4) Two exit expert panels to identify any further user needs to further refine proposed modifications into the final prototype. Questionnaires were administered to assess acceptability. We interviewed 125 stakeholders with median age of 36 years (IQR;26-48) exposed to the LCG for at least 12 months with 11.8(SD = 4.6) years of clinical practice. Simple useful modifications/customizations based on format, HCP's perceived function and role in improving decision making during monitoring labour included; 1) Customizing LCG by adding key socio-demographic data; 2) Adjusting observation ordering; 3) Modification of medication dosages and 4) Provision for recording key clinical notes/labour outcome data on reverse side of the same A4 paper. All HCPs found the modified WHO LCG useful, easy to use, appropriate, comprehensive, appealing and would recommend it to others for labour monitoring. It was implementable and majority took less than 2 minutes to completely record/fill observations on the LCG after each labour assessment. Active involvement of end-users improved inclusiveness, ownership, acceptability and uptake. The modified LCG prototype was found to be simple, appropriate and easy-to-use. Further research to evaluate large-scale use, feasibility and effectiveness is warranted.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patient Navigation for Health-Related Social Needs: Reflections From the Accountable Health Communities Model.

This paper uses data from the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation's Accountable Health Communities (AHC) Model to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient navigation (PN) for health-related social needs. We analyzed evaluation data from 28 organizations implementing the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation's AHC Model. We first distilled themes from 81 stakeholder interviews conducted in 2021. We then analyzed quantitative beneficiary-level data on acceptance of navigation among 133,173 unique Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries who were eligible for navigation between January 2019 and March 2021. During the pandemic, interview participants described greater complexity of patients' cases and uncertainty regarding community service availability. Changes to navigation staffing and mode led to improvements in navigation quality and efficiency, but also challenges such as reduced rapport with patients. The pandemic increased navigator stress and burnout but also deepened appreciation for navigation among navigators and their patients. Beneficiaries were more likely to accept navigation during the pandemic than before the pandemic ( P <.05). Changes in PN during the pandemic were perceived as both good and bad. Future work is needed to assess the long-term implications of pandemic-related changes to navigation for patients and navigators.

Facing up to Problem Gambling: Tracing the Emergence of Facial Recognition Technology as a means of Enforcing Voluntary Self-Exclusion

AbstractComputer technology has long been touted as a means of increasing the effectiveness of voluntary self-exclusion schemes – especially in terms of relieving gaming venue staff of the task of manually identifying and verifying the status of new customers. This paper reports on the government-led implementation of facial recognition technology as part of an automated self-exclusion program in the city of Adelaide in South Australia—one of the first jurisdiction-wide enforcements of this controversial technology in small venue gambling. Drawing on stakeholder interviews, site visits and documentary analysis over a two year period, the paper contrasts initial claims that facial recognition offered a straightforward and benign improvement to the efficiency of the city’s long-running self-excluded gambler program, with subsequent concerns that the new technology was associated with heightened inconsistencies, inefficiencies and uncertainties. As such, the paper contends that regardless of the enthusiasms of government, tech industry and gaming lobby, facial recognition does not offer a ready ‘technical fix’ to problem gambling. The South Australian case illustrates how this technology does not appear to better address the core issues underpinning problem gambling, and/or substantially improve conditions for problem gamblers to refrain from gambling. As such, it is concluded that the gambling sector needs to pay close attention to the practical outcomes arising from initial cases such as this, and resist industry pressures for the wider replication of this technology in other jurisdictions.

Assessing ecosystem services of mountain lakes

From global to local scales, human-induced environmental changes can impact mountain lakes by, for example, altering species composition, trophic state, and thermal dynamics, thereby affecting ecosystem functions and processes. However, the consequences of these changes on ecosystem services (ES) of mountain lakes are unclear due to a lack of integrative assessments. Therefore, this dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary ES perspective to improve insight into human interactions with mountain lakes and the potential social and ecological impacts of anthropogenic pressures on them. Stakeholder consultations highlighted the importance of regulating, cultural, and provisioning ES of natural mountain lakes, emphasizing habitat, aesthetics, recreation, education and research, and surface water, with nature-based experiences as being a key aspect of human interaction with mountain lakes. Multiple indicators were proposed to quantify potential supply of these ES, revealing variations among case study lakes in the European Alps. These results informed an integrative valuation approach and exposure assessment to anthropogenic pressures, suggesting that ES by mountain lakes are sensitive to climate change-related and human use pressures. Overall, the findings advance a social-ecological understanding of mountain lakes and indicate towards the need for adaptive lake management to maintain ES under potential anthropogenic pressure.

Understanding the Impacts of Online Mental Health Peer Support Forums: Realist Synthesis.

Online forums are widely used for mental health peer support. However, evidence of their safety and effectiveness is mixed. Further research focused on articulating the contexts in which positive and negative impacts emerge from forum use is required to inform innovations in implementation. This study aimed to develop a realist program theory to explain the impacts of online mental health peer support forums on users. We conducted a realist synthesis of literature published between 2019 and 2023 and 18 stakeholder interviews with forum staff. Synthesis of 102 evidence sources and 18 interviews produced an overarching program theory comprising 22 context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Findings indicate that users' perceptions of psychological safety and the personal relevance of forum content are foundational to ongoing engagement. Safe and active forums that provide convenient access to information and advice can lead to improvements in mental health self-efficacy. Within the context of welcoming and nonjudgmental communities, users may benefit from the opportunity to explore personal difficulties with peers, experience reduced isolation and normalization of mental health experiences, and engage in mutual encouragement. The program theory highlights the vital role of moderators in creating facilitative online spaces, stimulating community engagement, and limiting access to distressing content. A key challenge for organizations that host mental health forums lies in balancing forum openness and anonymity with the need to enforce rules, such as restrictions on what users can discuss, to promote community safety. This is the first realist synthesis of online mental health peer support forums. The novel program theory highlights how successful implementation depends on establishing protocols for enhancing safety and strategies for maintaining user engagement to promote forum sustainability. PROSPERO CRD42022352528; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=352528.

The Healthy Start scheme in England “is a lifeline for families but many are missing out”: a rapid qualitative analysis

BackgroundHealthy Start (HS) is a government scheme in England, Wales and Northern Ireland that offers a financial payment card and free vitamins to families experiencing low income. Pregnant women and families with children < 4 years can use the HS card to buy fruit, vegetables, cow’s milk, infant formula and pulses. HS was fully digitalised in March 2022. While digitalisation has improved the user experience for many families, in the context of the cost-of-living crisis and increasing dietary inequalities, it is important to understand why HS is not reaching more families. This study aimed to (i) assess the perceptions and experiences of HS from stakeholders across the system including those who promote, implement and are eligible for HS, and (ii) identify recommendations to improve the scheme’s effectiveness and uptake.MethodsThe study design was a post-implementation rapid qualitative evaluation using stakeholder interviews. Data were collected between January and June 2023 via semi‐structured interviews (50% online; 50% in person) with 112 stakeholders, including parents (n = 59), non‐government organisations (n = 13), retailers (n = 11) and health and community professionals (n = 29) at national and local levels. Findings were confirmed by a sub-sample of participants.ResultsSix core themes cut across stakeholders’ perceptions and experiences, and stakeholders collectively outlined seven recommendations they felt could be acted upon to maximise uptake and efficiency of HS, with actions at both national and local levels. A novel finding from this study is that raising awareness about HS alone is unlikely to result automatically or universally in higher uptake rate. Recommendations include: continuing to provide this scheme that is universally valued; the need for many families to be provided with a helping hand to successfully complete the application; reframing of the scheme as a child’s right to food and development to ensure inclusivity; improved leadership, coordination and accountability at both national and local levels.ConclusionsHS provides benefits for child development and family wellbeing. The study’s recommendations should be actioned by national and local governments to enable all families eligible for the scheme to benefit from this nutritional safety net.

A model of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoner health and wellbeing in South Australia

PurposeAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) people are overrepresented in Australian prisons, where they experience complex health needs. A model of care was designed to respond to the broad needs of the Aboriginal prisoner population within the nine adult prisons across South Australia. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods and findings of the Model of Care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Prisoner Health and Wellbeing for South Australia.Design/methodology/approachThe project used a qualitative mixed-method approach, including a rapid review of relevant literature, stakeholder consultations and key stakeholder workshop. The project was overseen by a Stakeholder Reference Group, which met monthly to ensure that the specific needs of project partners, stakeholders and Aboriginal communities were appropriately incorporated into the planning and management of the project and to facilitate access to relevant information and key informants.FindingsThe model of care for Aboriginal prisoner health and wellbeing is designed to be holistic, person-centred and underpinned by the provision of culturally appropriate care. It recognises that Aboriginal prisoners are members of communities both inside and outside of prison. It notes the unique needs of remanded and sentenced prisoners and differing needs by gender.Social implicationsSupporting the health and wellbeing of Indigenous prison populations can improve health outcomes, community health and reduce recidivism.Originality/valueOnly one other model of care for Aboriginal prisoner health exists in Australia, an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation-initiated in-reach model of care in one prison in one jurisdiction. The South Australian model of care presents principles that are applicable across all jurisdictions and provides a framework that could be adapted to support Indigenous peoples in diverse prison settings.

A mixed methods analysis of existing assessment and evaluation tools (AETs) for mental health applications.

Mental health Applications (MH Apps) can potentially improve access to high-quality mental health care. However, the recent rapid expansion of MH Apps has created growing concern regarding their safety and effectiveness, leading to the development of AETs (Assessment and Evaluation Tools) to help guide users. This article provides a critical, mixed methods analysis of existing AETs for MH Apps by reviewing the criteria used to evaluate MH Apps and assessing their effectiveness as evaluation tools. To identify relevant AETs, gray and scholarly literature were located through stakeholder consultation, Internet searching via Google and a literature search of bibliographic databases Medline, APA PsycInfo, and LISTA. Materials in English that provided a tool or method to evaluate MH Apps and were published from January 1, 2000, to January 26, 2021 were considered for inclusion. Thirteen relevant AETs targeted for MH Apps met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative analysis of AETs and their evaluation criteria revealed that despite purporting to focus on MH Apps, the included AETs did not contain criteria that made them more specific to MH Apps than general health applications. There appeared to be very little agreed-upon terminology in this field, and the focus of selection criteria in AETs is often IT-related, with a lesser focus on clinical issues, equity, and scientific evidence. The quality of AETs was quantitatively assessed using the AGREE II, a standardized tool for evaluating assessment guidelines. Three out of 13 AETs were deemed 'recommended' using the AGREE II. There is a need for further improvements to existing AETs. To realize the full potential of MH Apps and reduce stakeholders' concerns, AETs must be developed within the current laws and governmental health policies, be specific to mental health, be feasible to implement and be supported by rigorous research methodology, medical education, and public awareness.