Stakeholder Concept Research Articles

A study of the effects of competitive strategies on stakeholders relationship management and stakeholder behavior

In the 21st century, the businesses can communicate and share information rapidly and efficiently by using technologies that are in constant development and change and can gain more at less cost. These developments and changes in the business world force us to reconsider the stakeholder concept in more detail and in a comprehensive manner and to examine the need for more open and clear management style. The concept of stakeholder management is very important for the businesses in terms of their position, their corporate structure, which customer groups effect the businesses, how they could survive and be successful, and how they would respond to the needs and requirements of the stakeholders. When we examine the stakeholder concept in traditional sense, we can see that the stakeholders such as the employees, shareholders, suppliers, customers, society, non-governmental organizations, government and media have a significant effect on businesses. In this study, the employees were examined as a primary stakeholder and a research carried out to understand how their attitudes and behaviours were effected from competitive strategies. In order to ensure the continuity of the business and implementation of its activities, the businesses should evaluate and analyse the main stakeholders thoroughly and fulfil necessary responsibilities.

A Survey of Stakeholder Visualization Approaches

The aim of this paper is to present an overview of studies for the representation/visualization of stakeholders with a proposal of our own method of visualization. The following text examines the existing representational methods and at the same time critically evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, our own proposed approach is also presented.The need to develop visualization methods for use in the concept of stakeholders has been accepted by researchers, and it is possible to encounter number of various alternatives which have been applied more or less successfully. The shared weakness of the majority of the models is that they only represent two main attributes simultaneously. When such models do contain three variables, then the third one is only a complementary aspect of the relationship compared to the two dominant attributes.Our proposed visualisation model based on three Mitchell´s (1997) stakeholder attributes should overcome the before mentioned disadvantage. Also, it takes into account the development over time in accordance with the dynamic of the relationships with the stakeholders. Therefore, the proposed three-dimensional model meets these needs and simultaneously removes the shortcomings of the other models, which are identified in our overview presented in this paper.

Multiple Audiences as Text Stakeholders: A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Complex Rhetorical Situations

In public communication contexts, such as when a company announces the proposal for an important organizational change, argumentation typically involves multiple audiences, rather than a single and homogenous group, let alone an individual interlocutor. In such cases, an exhaustive and precise characterization of the audience structure is crucial both for the arguer, who needs to design an effective argumentative strategy, and for the external analyst, who aims at reconstructing such a strategic discourse. While the peculiar relevance of multiple audience is often emphasized in the argumentation literature and in rhetorical studies, proposals for modelling multi-audience argumentative situations remain scarce and unsystematic. To address this gap, we propose an analytical framework which integrates three conceptual constructs: (1) Rigotti and Rocci’s notion of communicative activity type, understood as the implementation of an interaction scheme into a piece of institutional reality, named interaction field; (2) the stakeholder concept, originally developed in strategic management and public relations studies to refer to any actor who affects and/or is affected by the organizational actions and who, accordingly, carries an interest in them; (3) the concept of participant role as it emerges from Goffman’s theory of conversation analysis and related linguistic and media studies. From this integration, we derive the notion of text stakeholder for referring to any organizational actor whose interest (stake) becomes an argumentative issue which the organizational text must account for in order to effectively achieve its communicative aim. The text stakeholder notion enables a more comprehensive reconstruction and characterization of multiple audience by eliciting the relevant participants staged in a text and identifying, for each of them, the interactional role they have, the peculiar interest they bear and the related argumentative issue they create. Considering as an illustrative case the defense document issued by a corporation against a hostile takeover attempt made by another corporation, we show how this framework can support the analysis of strategic maneuvering by better defining the audience demand and, so, better explaining how real arguers design and adapt their topical and presentational choices.

ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ РИСКОВ И КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ В СООТВЕТСТВИИ С ПОТРЕБНОСТЯМИ СТЕЙКХОЛДЕРОВ УНИВЕРСИТЕТОВ

Taking into account the requirements and interests of the stakeholders, the universities can increase the interest, the trust, and the loyalty. In this paper, the concept of stakeholders is applied to the universities’ activity. The author considers one of the most problematic issues of the relations between the university and the stakeholders associated with the absence of a mechanism for collecting, recording and analysis of the informative data required by each party for the assessment of the level of the requirements satisfaction. The study of the theoretical and practical experience of the stakeholder approach application allowed identifying the main stakeholders of the university and dividing them into groups. Applying the process and stakeholder approaches to the universities’ activity (educational and research), the author divided the stakeholders according to the blocks of the process: input, output, control, resources and built up the block scheme of the university activity process reflecting the stakeholders. The author suggested solving the problem of the absence of the system for the information collection, recording and evaluation in the regulation of interrelations between the university and the stakeholders and the forming of a system of the information exchange and providing reliable data from stakeholders basing on the construction of the university activity control system. The system will resolve the issues of creating of high-quality and reliable information base providing analytical support for management decisions being made in order to ensure the sustainable development of the university, the growth of its activity performance indicators and the international competitiveness improving. All these can be achieved using the suggested guidelines for the development of methods and tools for feedback with the stakeholders including the identification of risks and the establishment of control measures.

Project Stakeholder Management—Past and Present

In this special issue on project stakeholder management, the aim is to advance the understanding of this topic by looking into theory outside the project management field and by presenting findings from case studies. In this overview article, we identify the theoretical roots of the stakeholder concept and the current state of the field. We point to early proponents of stakeholder thinking. In addition, we point to recent concepts and developments outside the project management field that are relevant in the project management context; then, we introduce the articles included in the special issue; and, finally, we identify other relevant publications.

A ‘Names-and-Faces Approach’ to Stakeholder Identification and Salience: A Matter of Status

Despite its increasing popularity across management disciplines, stakeholder theory holds an important shortcoming in terms of its guidance for understanding the heterogeneity of stakeholder interests, claims, and behavior toward firms. Specifically, scholars note the inadequacy of generic categories of stakeholders (e.g., customers, employees, shareholders, and suppliers) in providing a realistic portrait of the groups and individuals that interact with the firm, opening the theory to much criticism for a ‘simplistic’ and ‘meaningless’ stakeholder concept. In face of this challenge, recent research is pointing to social identity as a mechanism to refine our understanding of stakeholders as names-and-faces, however we argue that despite the advancements offered by the social identity approach, it too presents limitations in its ability to guide managers in prioritizing stakeholder claims. Building on these nascent efforts to offer much needed nuance to a theory of stakeholder identification and prioritization, this paper draws from new advances in the management literature and offers status as an attribute that helps explain and predict how managers accord attention to their various constituents. We set forth five propositions connecting stakeholder status to the attention stakeholders receive from managers. We argue that status is a superior attribute of stakeholder identification and prioritization because it (1) accounts for groups and individuals’ uniqueness within broad categories of stakeholders in a dynamic way, (2) reconciles the dual nature of stakeholders as holding simultaneously a social and an economic identity in their claim toward the firm, and (3) provides a plausible explanation of, and intuitive guidance to, how managers accord attention to their firm’s stakeholders. Implications and future directions for research complete this article.

Understanding the Relationship between CSR and Business Performance

Society and business are two sides of the same coin which balance and complement each other. It has been observed that the organizations who understand the above and include social dimensions in their business strategy are generally winners in the long run. These organizations do not focus upon profitability alone as a tool for survival and sustainability but also include the interest of the society in their strategic plans and Business goals. Ignoring social responsibility can have long term and far reaching impact on the business affecting it negatively. The need is to bring about the change in the attitude towards CSR activities an organization undertakes to fulfil the above requirement. CSR is often misunderstood as philanthropic activities while it is closely associated with the overall wellbeing of the organization. Therefore, many organizations have accepted the same and brought about strategic approach to CSR, which creates a synergy between community and business initiatives. With this thought in background the business stakeholder's concept cannot be defined by ignoring the social angle attached to it and therefore CSR must be central to business and strategic plans.

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Recently, organizational challenges and the need to achieve sustainable
 development make it more important to engage with all the necessary and
 relevant participants of the economic and social processes.
 Furthermore, the imperatives of sustainable development reinforce the
 need to engage with stakeholders to realize specific organizational goals,
 as well as to meet broader social, environmental and economic changes.
 A company has many stakeholders, each with distinct types and levels of
 involvement, and often with diverse and sometimes conflicting interests
 and concerns. Like any other business function, stakeholder engagement
 needs to be managed. Stakeholder engagement has always been crucial
 to a company�s performance and recently has become an important tool
 to transfer responsibility to management practice and corporate strategy.
 The academic literature includes many attempts at classifying stakeholders
 using various criteria and definitions. The ambiguity and the vagueness
 of the stakeholder concept are discussed from the different scientific approaches.
 The criticisms of stakeholder theory have already been thoroughly
 analyzed and widely commented on in the scientific literature.
 The stakeholder model has been constantly expanding and now includes
 more than two dozen groups. However, over the years, the uncontrolled
 broadening of its scope and applications, the multiplication of the numerous
 stakeholder definitions, have created confusion. A strong need for clarification
 and a clear delimitation of the stakeholders was thus urgently needed.
 Moreover businesses should scale their stakeholder engagement strategies
 relative to the risks. The company should identify and map stakeholders in
 regard to all of its activities, products, services and projects
 There is no one-size-fits-all approach when it comes to stakeholder engagement.
 The type of relationship the private sector should try to develop with
 its stakeholders, and the resources and level of effort that it should invest,
 will differ according to the nature, location, and scale of the project; the
 phase of its development; and the interests of the stakeholders themselves.
 In this article the authors present a review of different methods and scientific
 approaches to the stakeholder engagement theory and make an attempt to
 establish the significance of stakeholder engagement tools and modes in
 the process of project management.

Stakeholders o cómo aplicar la teoría de los grupos de interés en las bibliotecas públicas

Stakeholder theory is directly related to disciplines such as marketing and to trends such as citizen participation, both vital to the current situation of the public libraries of the XXI century. Our aim has been to define a relationship model showing the leading stakeholders for these institutions. Having established the theoretical framework, the stakeholder concept is defined and its applicability to the library environment is described. Afterwards the three phases that constitute the model are detailed: identification, prioritization and relationship with stakeholders. Finally, a series of practical examples is presented. The conclusion is that stakeholder models must be based on scientific research, and must adapt and apply interest group techniques and principles that truly build relationships between stakeholders and the library.

The Role of Profits ? Is Profit Maximisation Tenable in the Modern Business Environment?

The issue of balancing business profitability and corporate social responsibility engagement is a delicate one. Whereas some people in business and academia see the two as inextricably linked and that businesses do well by doing good, others believe that using the legitimate returns of entrepreneurship for philanthropic activities is irresponsible. Modern corporations cannot exist and provide the products and services enjoyed by society if they do not make worthwhile profits for their owners who risk their wealth by investing and providing the funds necessary for their operations. Indeed the ‘free enterprise’ advocates have long held the view that businesses should be left to pursue the principle of profit maximisation as long as they operate within the law. However, this paper takes the position that in an age where business sustainability is being touted across the corporate world as the panacea to achieving organizational viability, companies cannot afford to ignore their corporate social responsibility credentials in the name of profit maximisation. The article goes on to emphasize that adopting a stakeholder concept rather than the shareholder concept enables a business to enhance its competitive advantage. The article uses examples of how contemporary organizations have used their CSR policies as a differentiation strategy to separate themselves from the competition, allowing them to increase sales and market share, thereby improving their financial performance. The article concludes by citing Michael Porter’s principle of creating shared value where business and society recognize their interdependence and work together to provide products and services that meet societal needs while at the same time providing organizations and their investors with satisficing profitability.

YÖNETİŞİM SÜRECİNDE KURUMSAL İLETİŞİMİN ROLÜ VE ÖNEMİ

Today, it is not possible for corporations to detach themselves from society and to be indifferent to the voices of stakeholders. Stakeholders who can get information quickly with the development in technology question the behaviors of organizations and demand their expectations to be met. In this respect, corporate governance based on the principles such as equality, transparency, accountability is gaining more and more importance. The adoption of corporate governance approach in the whole corporation and corporate governance principles becoming corporate values occur depending on the effective work of communication. In this sense, it is clear that corporate communication works for different stakeholders for different purposes play an important role in the governance process. The concept of stakeholder which has a key importance for the understanding of Yrd. Doc. Dr., Izmir Kâtip Celebi Universitesi, Sosyal ve Beseri Bilimler Fakultesi, Medya ve Iletisim Bolumu, Halkla Iliskiler ve Reklamcilik ABD, burcu.oksuz@ikc.edu.tr governance also constitutes one of the basic foundations of corporate communication. Good relations established in the framework of corporate communication with stakeholders ensure the creation of good governance. Corporate governance shapes the corporations‟ relations with their stakeholders. When the process of governance is performed effectively, all the stakeholders of corporations are taken into consideration and their interests are protected. Thus, corporations gain the support of stakeholders and have the positive evaluation. Corporate communication targeting different stakeholders with its integrated structure provide an opportunity for the flow of multidirectional communication that is needed for the governance. In this study, the role and significance of corporate communication in governance process would be studied. Based on the theoretical discussion, it is possible to state that corporate communication have a crucial role in success of governance.

Comment: Concepts in Archaeology and Economic Development

This note is a comment on the papers and presentations by Paul Burtenshaw, Alexander Herrera, and Arjo Klamer. It aims to provide a simple conceptual framework to help bridge the gap between cultural and economic values in archaeology, by considering the meaning of and circular interaction between the key concepts of cultural assets, values, stakeholders and conservation. It further explores the notion of sustainability and scaling up as significant elements of an effective and high impact approach to conservation.

Maintaining legitimacy of a contested practice: How the minerals industry understands its ‘social licence to operate’

Recent decades have witnessed growing concern among communities, governments and other stakeholders regarding the adverse social and environmental impacts of corporate activity. This concern has generated various interdiscursive notions, such as corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate citizenship, the stakeholder concept, and sustainable development (SD), that purport to enable managers to manage business in a ‘responsible’ or ‘sustainable’ manner. This discursive landscape now commonly includes ‘social licence’ or ‘social licence to operate’, a term that has gained greatest currency in the minerals industry. Literature on social licence is sparse, but encapsulates a diversity of notions such as demands and expectations, legitimacy, credibility, and trust, and free, prior and informed consent. Perhaps most fundamentally, the concept of social licence suggests that stakeholders may threaten a company’s legitimacy and ability to operate through boycotts, picketing, or legal challenges. Yet this interpretation of legitimacy does not mean that stakeholders have the same capacity as regulators to grant or withhold an operation’s right to exist. How, then, do managers within companies under these pressures themselves understand social licence? We present findings of interviews with 16 managers in the minerals industry in Australia. We explore how these managers conceptualise social licence in relation to notions such as legitimacy, approval, and consent, how they interpret processes of social licence in practice, and how they differentiate it from concepts such as CSR. Managers’ conceptualisations can be categorised into four broad themes: legitimacy; localisation; process and continuum; and manageability. These findings suggest that, while social licence potentially represents a shift in power relations, this shift is constrained by discursive pressures to legitimise mining operations, to restrict social licence issues to the local level, to minimise regulatory impositions, to marginalise dissent, and to manage reputation. Opportunities for strengthening and adapting current understandings of social licence are considered.

Междисциплинарный подход к антикризисному управлению: последние тенденции в зарубежных исследованиях

Despite the fact that crisis management both in terms of the nature of knowledge required and approaches used is largely a synthesis of various disciplines, interdisciplinary aspects and the relationships do not receive sufficient attention. International literature of recent years allows a somewhat broader look at a number of both theoretical and practical aspects of crisis management in a wider context of topics and disciplines. A thorough multi-disciplinary approach to crisis management could be an important part of both the domestic research and training, and practice in the field of crisis management. This article reviews some of the most important interdisciplinary connections of crisis management with risk management, corporate governance, macroeconomic shocks, the concepts of stakeholders and corporate social responsibility, information technology, new institutional economic theory, and a number of concepts from sociology and psychology. The list of categories, models, individual concepts and theories of different subject areas which are closely interrelated with crisis management, according to international researchers, is quite long. In connection with the problems of crisis management this paper considers integrated risk management, holistic risk management, COSO-approach, moral hazard, the abuse of information asymmetry, opportunism, adverse selection, bounded rationality, the propagation model of bankruptcies depending on macroeconomic factors, the models of the influence of international integration and globalization on the dynamics of bankruptcies, epidemic models in crisis management, the sociological concept of disaster management, stakeholder theory of crisis management, the concept of reputation damage of crises, high-frequency trading in financial instruments, and the concepts of organizational learning and organizational storytelling. These and other interdisciplinary concepts serve as a book of recipes that can be applied with varying degrees of relevance to various crises in a company. It is plausible to assume that, other things being equal, crisis management, using an interdisciplinary arsenal, will be more effective and adaptive than the more limited approach based solely on the core of crisis management: economic analysis, legal regulation, management and marketing basics.

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Budi Pekerti Berbasis Multikultural

<p>Long-term goal of this study was to character-based learning model can be applied in the implementation of the multicultural character education curriculum in junior high school (SMP) in Surakarta as an effort to prevent a culture of violence in Surakarta. The target of this study is the identification of a model-based development of multicultural learning manners. To achieve these objectives do Research and Development (R & D) gradually for 3 (three) years. This study used a qualitative paradigm, which I pursued in the exploratory method; year to second with the method of exposure, focus groups, workshops, and in-depth interviews; year to III with training methods, test models, evaluation of the test results, the revised and improved model that has been tested, and dissemination of results. development. Concrete measures in the first year were identified: 1) initial ability of teachers to implement character education multicultural education based learning process in implementing character education curriculum. 2) Perception of teachers character education based on learning multicultural education. 3) Perceptions of stakeholders (Department Dikpora / Surakarta City Government, parents / guardians, school character education) to the learning process based multicultural education. 4) Identify the extent of the implementation of character education has been developed through a learning process based on multicultural education, and 5) draft a tentative model of the development of learning-based multicultural character as prevention of the culture of violence in Surakarta. Data collected from other informants, places and events as well as documents / files, or through focus groups, which further analyzed with interactive models.The results obtained in the studies I dart this, namely: (1) The teachers have implemented a character education character-based multicultural learning through discussion methods, simulations, games, community service, observations, as well as the provision of materials in the classroom manners. However, most teachers do not understand the concept of multicultural education, (2) The teachers and stakeholders strongly support the learning plan based multicultural character, given that smells sara violence that often involve the students, (3) learning manners have been implemented with based multicultural through the process of learning, habituation, and modeling. Habituation and modeling performed by all the schools, while the learning process implemented by educators character education, (4) learning manners are still a lot of barriers or obstacles that come dart students, teachers / administrative staff-employees, the environment around the school, funds, facilities and infrastructure, principals, parents, and government policy.</p>

Stakeholder Management in the Youth Care System

Our research focuses on stakeholder theory in the public sector, in the non-profit sector and in the service sector. More specifically, we apply stakeholder theory to the case of the residential homes for youth care. Our research showsthat youth care system does not use stakeholder management in a formal way. The notion of ‘stakeholder’ has not been established yet. But when considering the practice, one can observe an effective use of stakeholder management as the interest of the various stakeholder groups is taken into account by the youth care management. Our research illustrates the different roles and the complementarities between stakeholder management and participative management. While stakeholder management is important for strategic decision making, participative management is more important for the operational side of management. From a theoretical perspective, our research highlights the discussion on the influence or the claimant definitions of the concept of stakeholder. It also invites to reflect on the relevance of the concept of stakeholder democracy. This case illustrates that important stakeholders such as the customers, the youth and their parents, and also the employees valuate participation on the operational level as more important than participation in the board and in the strategic management decision making in the organization. By disentangling the distinction between the operational and policy level of stakeholder management, our research links participative management and stakeholder management while at the same time clarifies the application of stakeholder management in the non-profit system.

Consideraciones del enfoque stakeholder

El concepto de stakeholder ha sido debatido en diversos ambientes académicos y empresariales, y abordado por estudiosos y críticos que ven en este oportunidades para ampliar y vincular a toda la comunidad académica en la consolidación de una perspectiva más integradora de él, que busca dar oportunidad a la empresa y espacio de participación a la sociedad en general. El enfoque en sí mismo despierta interés por ese paso en dar una perspectiva dinámica del papel de la empresa en la sociedad y las relaciones que se derivan con sus socios, sean estos directos o indirectos, que les lleva a establecer acciones estratégicas para garantizar su sostenibilidad y viabilidad de sus negocios y el bienestar de la sociedad. El presente artículo pretende realizar un recorrido de los conceptos fundamentales del enfoque stakeholder; precisamos que no hacemos aún una apuesta por una teoría de stakeholder, por la construcción teórica que aún es hoy mesa de debate. Es, pues, una invitación a revisar la literatura existente y una mirada desde el aporte que se hace a la maximización de valor a la empresa.

Perceptions of sub-seabed carbon dioxide storage in Scotland and implications for policy: A qualitative study

The geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) offers notable potential, as part of larger carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) processes, to be a significant climate change mitigation technology. This paper challenges the argument often put forward that, due to the greater distances from centres of population, it will be ‘easier’ to garner public and stakeholder support for offshore CO2 storage than onshore. Based on the results of research interviews carried out with stakeholders and informed publics in Scotland, challenges for public and stakeholder acceptance of sub-seabed CO2 storage that may require further policy attention are identified. Whilst existing policy for sub-seabed CO2 storage is cognisant of the need for societal engagement, it may be the case that these regulations may need further reinforcement to ensure future developments are able to address social acceptability issues as fully as possible. The value of taking into account social as well as physical characteristics at the site selection phase, the need for mechanisms to take seriously stakeholder conceptions of uncertainty, and the importance of extending social engagement beyond risk communication are discussed.

The stakeholder concept analysis

The purpose of the paper is to discuss the stakeholder concept and its development, based on stakeholder theoretical framework, and instrumental, strategic management and network approaches. The authors discuss different classification of stakeholders, contrast narrow and broad stakeholder concepts, provide a review of their distinctive features. The differences in approaches to stakeholder expectations literature are contrasted.

Ethical Directions and Cultural Dimensions of Construction Professionals in Malaysia: With a Framework of Ethical Decision Making

Corporate ethics and business ethics are becoming new requirements for a successful business in the 21st century. This trend continues to be strengthened throughout the industries and the construction industry cannot be exceptional. This research provides a practical framework of ethical decision making for construction together with the perceptions of construction professionals in respect to ethics and culture. A project factor approach is incorporated in the framework to reflect the unique feature of construction. The framework is based on Agent (virtue ethics) - Action (deontology) Results (consequentialism) model and the stakeholder concept of construction projects. The framework also intends to identify the ethical directions either mean-oriented or end-oriented. The effectiveness of the framework has been proved through a survey with construction professionals in Malaysia. The survey also includes cultural dimensions as ethic is a subset of culture. The outcomes of the survey shows that the construction professional in Malaysia are slightly more mean-oriented than end-oriented, and their cultural dimensions are more power oriented (PDI), more individualistic (IDV) and more masculine (MAS) compared to the Malaysia national level cultural dimensions.