Stake Holders Research Articles

Economics of reviving D.V.C. water supply canal amidst running supply to meet requirement of city of Durgapur, India

A water supply canal having a length of 8.9 km, originating from Durgapur Barrage at Durgapur, West Bengal, India and terminating in a pool at a downstream distance of 8.9 km was constructed by Damodar Valley Corporation during 1957-60 to supply drinking water to the city of Durgapur, West Bengal, India and water to several industries situated at Durgapur. Durgapur Municipal Corporation withdraws its complete demand from this canal of DVC. The major industries withdrawing water from the canal is M/S Durgapur Chemical Limited, M/S Durgapur Steel Plant, M/S Phillips Carbon, M/S Durgapur Thermal Power Station. Though the canal was designed for original capacity of 900 cusecs, but now there is withdrawal of about 400 cusecs only from the canal due collapse of the cross section of the earthen canal at different chainage, silting of the canal throughout its reach resulting in failure of the function of the canal to supply water to major customers. A study was undertaken to assess the present hydraulic and environmental conditions of the existing canal and propose procedure for revival of the canal in the most economic way without disrupting the present withdrawal from the canal and also suggest measures to be undertaken for maintenance of environment along the canal to prevent canal cross section from unlawful ingress of water into the canal. In this study, present hydraulic conditions of the canal have been analyzed. Different alternatives of reviving the canal to carry a discharge of 500 cusecs were attempted by (i) designing pre-cast section of the canal capable of carrying a discharge more than 500 cusec, (ii) simply using the existing cross section with side protection with steel sheet piling and bottom protection with concrete blocks, and (iii) providing diaphragm wall on each side of the section and bottom protection with concrete blocks. Feasibility of construction under conditions of continued supply to the existing stake holders was considered while analyzing the economics of revival for all the three alternatives. Revival of the canal by option (ii) has been recommended on the basis of economics of revival amid running condition of the canal. Though the working life of the canal with sheet pile protected side wall is less than that of the canal with diaphragm wall as the side wall of the cross section but workability under running condition of the canal is much higher for the case of side protection with steel sheet piles. Measures such as diverting the unlawful ingress away from the canal, protecting the side berms with green cover has been recommended to improve the environment around the canal.

Neonatal Mortality and Maternal/Child Health Care in Nigeria: An Impact Analysis

Reducing the rate of mortality in neonates to as low as 12 per 1,000 live births is one of the clearly spelt out aims of the third tenet of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) because of its importance to the dynamics of population. While there have been various studies focused majorly on the causes, rates and determinants of neonatal mortality in Nigeria, studies on the impact of maternal/child care characteristics on neonatal mortalityand the potential implication of failing to attain the SDG target for neonatal mortality have seemingly been neglected. In this study, we undertake an analysis of the impact of maternal / child care characteristics on neonatal mortality using the logistic regression model. Results from the study showed that antenatal care (P-value = 0.000, odds ratio = 0.546 for women who visited the hospital during pregnancy on more than 5 occasions), post natal care (P-value = 0.004, odds ratio = 0.402 for women who received early neonatal care from skilled medical personnel), place ofdelivery (P-value = 0.000, odds ratio = 0.592 for babies that were delivered in a government hospital) and skill of birth attendant (P-value = 0.000, odds ratio = 0.706 for babies who were delivered by trained doctors/nurses/midwives) had significant impact on neonatal mortality at the 95% confidence level implying that improved maternal health care: before, during and immediately after delivery as well as the quality of care to motherand child are both important and necessary to the reduction of neonatal mortality in Nigeria. To achieve the sustainable development target for neonatal mortality, it is therefore recommended that stake holders in the public health sector improve the quality of existing health care facilities and access to quality services.
 Keywords: Neonatal mortality, logistic regression, maternal care, child health care, Nigeria

Factors Influencing Capacity Utilization of Mechanical Resources in Construction Industries

Construction industries in present world do face several challenges from project feasibility status to handing over of the project. With the unbounded scope and inevitable need for automation and machine tools, the success of any project heavily relies on the effective and uninterrupted performance of mechanical resources used in the projects. Companies spend huge amounts to own, operate and maintain these resources. The optimum utilization and failure-free performance of these resources are expected from the stake holder’s perspective. An experiment is carried out using the principles of Design of Experiments to decide as which are the most influential factors affecting the utilization of the mechanical resource with the help of Mini Tab software and the results are discussed.

A case study of a circulating vaccine derived polio virus in a Nomad in Zaria – Kaduna state, Nigeria

Immunization regarding polio has yielded quite a tremendous positive impact as a result of campaigns and involvement of various stake holders from the grass root to the federal level in Nigeria. Interventions from international agencies and organizations in light of synergic partnership with Nigeria in order to tackle polio cannot be overemphasized. All these have helped to place Nigeria as one of the polio – free nations in the world. This was retrospective case study involving a 2 year old female orphan who was moved from a hygiene and sanitation-deficient and non-immune susceptible settlement fulani settlement in Kubau LGA to Anguwan Alkali community in Zaria in order to live with her grandmother. She was taken to Babban Dodo PHC in Zaria for community management of acute malnutrition programme as a malnourished child. The child was claimed to have been vaccinated. On the 18th of August 2018, the Assistant District Nursing officer of Zaria LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria was notified about case of a sudden onset of left limb flaccid paralysis that started on the 17th of August 2018. The case was reported to the Kaduna state ministry of health. After fitting the AFP case definition. Stool sample was taken for laboratory investigation. The sample was sent to the National Level Polio Immunization Laboratory at the University of Ibadan on the 21st August 2018. The laboratory test results came out positive for cVDPV2. Results from the community survey also showed that most of the catchment settlement for PHC Anguwan Alkali has RI coverage of less than 70%. The detection of the cVDPV2 strains underscores the importance of maintaining high level of often Routine Immunization coverage at all levels to minimize the risk and consequences of any poliovirus circulation in Zaria LGA-Nigeria

PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, NILAI PRODUK DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH (STUDI PADA NASABAH TABUNGAN MUDHARABAH AL BARAKAH DI BANK KALSEL KANTOR CABANG SYARIAH BANJARMASIN)

Customer-oriented marketing strategies, make companies must understand and ful fill both the behavior and needs of customers to achieve customer satisfaction. Consumer satisfaction is greatly considered by the company because it will have an impact on sales performance. South Kalimantan Bank seeks to improve its image as a banking financial institution, one of the efforts taken is to maximize value holders by providing excellent service and describing it in the main behaviors of Bank Kalsel employees in serving customers' needs, namely empathizing and serving wholeheartedly, being polite and polite, and is responsive in meeting the needs of stake holders. This study aims to examine the influence Service Quality (X1), Product Value (X2) and Facilities (X3) of the Customer Satisfaction (Y) on Bank Branch Office Banjarmasin in South Kalimantan well se a way partially or simultaneously. 99 samples were taken customer by using the Slovin formula. Data collection uses a questionnaire while the data analyst is using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis through the SPSS version 23 program. The test results prove that Service Quality has a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction in partial with a large effect of 72.7 % including a very strong category , Product Value has a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction partially with a large effect of 49.2 % including the fairly strong category , the Facility has a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction in part with a significant effect of 36.9 % including the category is quite strong while simultaneously Service Quality Leadership , Product Value, and Facilities have a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction with the influence of 65.8 % including thevery strong category while the remaining 34.2 % is influenced by other variables. Keywords: Service Quality, Value of Products, Facilities and Customer Satisfaction

Rethinking Autonomy of Humans and Robots

In the field of artificial intelligence, autonomy is defined as an expected capacity for systems to behave without human control, and there are currently many items with such capabilities. However, the mechanisms for how autonomous behavior is generated in these systems are different than those in humans, thus machine autonomy is often misunderstood. In this paper, we rethink the autonomy of artificial systems, including how they should function, what autonomy truly means, and how society might accept such systems. First, we review the general meaning of autonomy within an ideological background of the relations between human beings and objects. We also discuss how machine autonomy can be realized, and how it differs from human autonomy. Based on these premises, we consider this as a relative difference, not a deficiency of machines, and seek any means by which the concept of autonomy can be fully extended to machines. We begin with a key aspect of autonomy, an early concept of the self. Then, the pain nervous system, which is expected to produce empathy, morality, and ethics, is introduced and compared with human autonomic nervous systems. Finally, a hierarchy of autonomous machines is introduced and discussed in the context of responsibility. This may cause social impacts on how to treat the artificial systems when they cause fatal errors. All stake holders should consider such cases together for the healthy development of science and technology that have important roles in our future symbiotic society.

Growing Needs of Forensic Audit in Corporate and Banking Frauds in India

With the gradual rise in money laundering and wilful default cases, RBI has made forensic audit mandatory for large advances and restructuring of accounts. In the present administrative system post Modi regime, no domain is spared from immoral misconduct, fraudulence and injustice. According to a joint study conducted by ASSOCHAM and Grant Thornton, corruption, money laundering, tax evasion, window dressing, financial reporting fraud and bribery are the most common corporate frauds occurring in India Inc. The study revealed that nearly half of corporate frauds have taken place in real estate and infrastructure in the last two years followed by financial services sectors recording 34% frauds. Scandals in accounting have grown in the last two decades and have put a question mark in corporate governance, role of company secretaries and auditors. The scandals occurred in this 21st century are also putting question on monitoring role of regulators also in some cases. Restoring stake holders’ confidence back in the financial reporting process and corporate governance is also a challenge in view of these developments. Further, the lengthy legal processes also help the criminal companies and borrowers to play with public money as long as they like. Consortium loan process should not be so conducive to give rise to get huge money without security and an easy game to play with public money. Forensic accounting helps the government, regulators and all stakeholders of the companies to have a confidence in dealing with such corporate.

In silico analysis of polyphenols and flavonoids for design of human Nav1.7 inhibitors

Neuropathic pain is commonly associated with lesion or disease of the somatosensory system and often reflected as indicator of impaired life. Although the central nervous system is main regulator of pain but for initiation and maintenance of the neuropathic pain is regulated by peripheral nervous system. Sodium channels particularly Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav 1.9 are key stake holders in the peripheral neuropathy, activation of these sodium channels might lead to genesis and propagation. Flavonoids and polyphenols showed promising effects in neuropathic pain. Here we are reporting In silico analysis of some selected flavonoids and polyphenols on sodium activated voltage channel 1.7 to explore the structural fragments required for binding. Results indicated Baicalin, Butrin, Dihydromonospermoside, Icariin, Isocoreopsin and Isosaponarin are showing promising docking score with sodium activated voltage channel 1.7 than other compounds. Structural modification of these promising leads keeping pharamcophoric requirement intact may yield potent Nav1.7 inhibitors for peripheral pain management. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Differentiation of Mathematics Examination at Two Levels for Higher Secondary CBSE Students in India: Study on Students’ Satisfaction and Subject Related Perception

The Central Board of Secondary Examination announced that Class 10 students will have two levels of mathematics papers from 2020.The name suggested for the two examinations will be Maths- Standard which will be same kind of existing level of examination, and Maths - Basic, the standard that has been designed easier as compared Standard level. No proposed change in syllabus has been suggested, class room deliverables and internal assessment for both the levels of examination would remain the same. The standard level has been designed for the students who desire to pursue with mathematics at higher levels, while the basic level would be for the students who want to drop Mathematics after class ten and pursue other streams of Subjects. This study aims to find the satisfaction level of students with this format adopted for Mathematics and their attitude towards other subjects. The students were found to quite satisfy with the regulating so as teachers and parents. The satisfaction level was found to be quite high among all stake holders as this was found to be facilitating students in their interest areas for pursuing higher studies rather them making them burdened and stressed during Higher Secondary struggling with Mathematics. Not only this, the regulation also gave a greater clarity among students, if they were interested to pursue their higher studies with this or related subjects.

SMS: A Secure Healthcare Model for Smart Cities

Technological innovations have enabled the realization of a utopian world where all objects of everyday life, as well as humans, are interconnected to form an “Internet of Things (IoT).” These connected technologies and IoT solutions have led to the emergence of smart cities where all components are converted into a connected smart ecosystem. IoT has envisioned several areas of smart cities including the modern healthcare environment like real-time monitoring, patient information management, ambient-assisted living, ambient-intelligence, anomaly detection, and accelerated sensing. IoT has also brought a breakthrough in the medical domain by integrating stake holders, medical components, and hospitals to bring about holistic healthcare management. The healthcare domain is already witnessing promising IoT-based solutions ranging from embedded mobile applications to wearable devices and implantable gadgets. However, with all these exemplary benefits, there is a need to ensure the safety and privacy of the patient’s personal and medical data communicated to and from the connected devices and systems. For a smart city, it is pertinent to have an accessible, effective, and secure healthcare system for its inhabitants. This paper discusses the various elements of technology-enabled healthcare and presents a privacy-preserved and secure “Smart Medical System (SMS)” framework for the smart city ecosystem. For providing real-time analysis and responses, this paper proposes to use the concept of secured Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) for performing critical time-bound computations on the edge itself. In order to protect the medical and personal data of the patients and to make the data tamper-proof, the concept of blockchain has been used. Finally, this paper highlights the ways to capture and store the medical big data generated from IoT devices and sensors.

Degree of Deafness in the School for the Deaf in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

The various causes of deafness in children are not uncommon in our environment, despite global efforts on immunization against infectious diseases and other known predisposing factors to this hidden disability. Prevention of deafness must be a priority to all the stake holders. However, the need to know the degree of deafness among those in the school for the deaf so as to know those that can benefit from amplification via the use of high – tech hearing aid or cochlear implant cannot be over-emphasized; hence this study. A prospective study of deaf children in a school for the deaf was carried out over a 7-month period from July 2005 to January 2006 at the ENT Department, Ondo State Specialist Hospital, now University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure. A total of 311 pupils comprising 173 males and 138 females had screening and hearing aid trials. Age range was 7 to 20 years. A total of 64 pupils (20.6%) were moderately deaf, 32 pupils (10.3%) were severely deaf while 215 pupils (69.1%) were profoundly deaf. The use of hearing aids, timely cochlear implantation and other rehabilitation measures could bring the beneficiaries into the mainstream of formal education and improved post - qualification employment opportunities.

Measurement Uncertainty in Vibration Calibration in Frequency Range of 5 Hz to 10 kHz

The paper evaluates the measurement uncertainty in realizing the secondary vibration standard at CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, India, and presents a comparison of the measurement uncertainty of secondary standard with that of primary vibration standard. The relative expanded measurement uncertainty of 0.80% to 2.2% in frequency range of 5 Hz to 10 kHz is evaluated. The measurement uncertainty so calculated is verified by comparison with the results from primary vibration calibration standard of CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, and SPEKTRA Schwingungstechnik und Akustik GmbH Dresden, Germany primary calibrations. The study recommends calibrating the back-to-back accelerometer with minimal uncertainty by using a primary calibrated single-ended accelerometer mounted on the top of the back-to-back transducer.The paper serves a guiding document to the calibration laboratories, industries and other stake holders in India to understand the concept of traceability in vibration measurements and formulation of uncertainty budget as per the international standard.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY AMONG RICE FARMERS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

The study was carried out to examine the effect of agricultural transformation on the beneficiary’s productivity and poverty of rice farmers in Kano State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 571 respondents for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires on respondent’s income, input and output quantities as well as their expenditures. Data were analysis using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), Propensity score matching and LATE model. Results from the study shows that respondents productivity revealed a significant difference of about 127 kg/ha in rice productivity between participants and non-participants. Also, the LATE estimates revealed an average treatment effect ATE0 of about 222.98kg/ha. Furthermore, the project had a significant effect N11, 321.4 on the participant’s consumption expenditure than the non-participants N9980.60. Moreover, participants were, able to increase their household total expenditures by N34780 per annum. Fluctuations of input/output prices insect pests and inadequate extension visits were all the major constraints faced by the farmers. It was recommended that farmers’ information and sensitization system should be overhauled and improved. Also, attention should be given to well organize extension visits for the farmers from stake holders

Factors Affecting Learning Methods and Flipped Learning by Flipped Learning

The aim of this research is to analyze the concentration and deconcentration development of cruise ports in the Mediterranean area by utilizing the concentration ratio (CR), the Herfindahl– Hirschman Index (HHI), the Gini coefficient, and shift share analysis (SSA). The results of analysis indicated a concentration trend in the West Mediterranean. The cruise ports located in Venice, Piraeus, Naples and Livrno in Adriatic and East Med region lost cruise passengers, while the those in West Mediterranean gained the passengers and showed the trend of concentration. This paper providing the shifting passengers among cruise ports that indicates the competitiveness of cruise ports for industrial stake holders to better understand the cruise ports such as tourist boards, ship agents, and port agents.

Does usage of Online Technology among hospitals improve communication with the stake holders? Examining the patient satisfaction based on the usage of online appointment applications in India

Despite the population being tripled, the overall doctor population ratio in India is still 1:1800 (Deo, 2013) (11) and this uneven doctor-patient ratio leads to a delayed healthcare delivery. Online technology among hospitals(OTAH) may bring about a shift from the existing problem of delayed communication in the hospitals. The present study intends to take up benefits received while taking a doctors appointment using different appsthe new method, which is widely used by people all over the country. Though the apps are functional for quite some time, there appears a dearth in research to examine the efficiency of these applications among the users. With an integrated model that incorporated classical Rhetoric theory, this study focuses on the latest trend of online appointment by comparative analysis between e-tail apps of three major appointment making companies Viz. Practo, Lybrate and DocsApp to understand how they are different from each other with respect to reach, content, branding, promotions and their efficiency. Theoretical and practical implications of this study were also discussed.

A Comprehensive Study on Commercial Applications of Cloud Computing

In the world of information communication technology (ICT) the term Cloud Computing has been the buzz word. Cloud computing is changing its definition the way technocrats are using it according to the environment. Cloud computing as a definition remains very contentious. Definition is stated liable to a particular application with no unanimous definition, making it altogether elusive. In spite of this, it is this technology which is revolutionizing the traditional usage of computer hardware, software, data storage media, processing mechanism with more of benefits to the stake holders. In the past, the use of autonomous computers and the nodes that were interconnected forming the computer networks with shared software resources had minimized the cost on hardware and also on the software to certain extent. Thus evolutionary changes in computing technology over a few decades has brought in the platform and environment changes in machine architecture, operating system, network connectivity and application workload. This has made the commercial use of technology more predominant. Instead of centralized systems, parallel and distributed systems will be more preferred to solve computational problems in the business domain. These hardware are ideal to solve large-scale problems over internet. This computing model is data-intensive and networkcentric. Most of the organizations with ICT used to feel storing of huge data, maintaining, processing of the same and communication through internet for automating the entire process a challenge. In this paper we explore the growth of CC technology over several years. How high performance computing systems and high throughput computing systems enhance computational performance and also how cloud computing technology according to various experts, scientific community and also the service providers is going to be more cost effective through different dimensions of business aspects.

Stake Holders Opinions of Multiple Mini Interviews (MMI) for Selection of Medical Students in Pakistan.

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> In 2002 Multiple Mini Interview (MMI) was introduced to assess the noncognitive and/or high cognitive traits. Shalamar Medical and Dental College (SMDC), Lahore encouraged the process of MMI resulting in implementing and piloting the process from 2015. Acceptability is considered as the important aspect to support the validity evidence and since MMI was conducting the very first time in Pakistan for undergraduate admission, it was important to address its acceptability. The objective of this study is to assess the stake holder’s acceptability for Multiple Mini Interviews (MMI) for the selection of medical students.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study and data was collected at SMDC Lahore, in years 2015 and 2016.  The research sample included candidates who applied for the admission in SMDC and examiners, trained faculty of SMDC involved in process MMI for 2015 and 2016. Acceptability of MMI was determined using post-MMI survey through questionnaire with 5-point Likert scale. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0. Demographics were determined. Means, standard deviations and frequencies for each statement of the questionnaire were calculated. Mann-Whitney U-test was applied on the similar statements of the questionnaire among the candidates and examiners for both years separately.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> In post-MMI survey most of the statements showed more than 80% acceptability for MMI among stake holders for both 2015 and 2016. Comparison of similar statements among candidates and examiners revealed no significant difference except asked about the time duration (5 minutes) was enough to assess the attributes (P=0.003 & P=0.001) for both years 2015 and 2016 respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Study provided the evidence of stake holders’ (candidates and examiners) acceptability of MMI in medical schools’ admission. It reflected that they are contented with the process</p>

Active substances and bitter ingredients in medicinal plants : An overview

Based on the experience acquired and transmitted during the courses of generations, people came to know that some plants may alleviate numerous diseases and promote their cure. This article makes an overview of research conducted during recent years on various aspects particularly active substances and bitter ingredients in some medicinal plants have been described. The purpose of this article is to provide information on the active substances and bitter ingredients in some medicinal plants, which can be used as a reference by all those stake holders who are dealing with medicinal plants.

Public Enterprises Policy and Market: Focusing on Local Public Enterprises

한국의 공기업에 대한 정책은 보수주의 정부로부터 진보주의 정부로, 기업성에서 공익성으로 변화되는 과정에 있다. 기업가형 정부를 추진하던 이명박 정부 때에 지방공기업의 민간경제 영역에 대한 정책적 방어가 가장 강력하였다. 이명박 정부는 2010년 행정안전부 지방공기업 선진화 정책 및 신설 지방공기업 경영컨설팅의 추진에 따라 7개의 공사·공단을 통합하였고, 2015년 시장성 테스트를 통하여 민간경제를 위축시키는 사업을 모두 매각 또는 민간에 이양하였다. 지방공기업이 민간경제를 침해하는 이유는 공익적 사업을 수행하기 위해 지방공기업을 설치, 운영할 경우에도 수익성이 저하될 경우 중앙정부의 경영진단을 통해 해당 공기업 임원의 해임, 조직의 개편 등 경영 개선을 위하여 필요한 조치를 당할 수 있으며, 지방재정이 열악한 상태에서 경영적자는 많은 이해관계자의 비난과 정치적 판단을 통한 공기업의 폐지로 이어질 수 있기 때문이다. 지방공기업은 주민에 대한 생존 배려 상 반드시 제공되어야 하는 서비스, 즉 민간이 하지 않는 사업을 보완한다는 독일의 보충성의 원칙이 적용되어야 한다. 또한 공기업이 목적사업을 제대로 수행하기 위해서는 자율성과 책임성을 확보하는 것도 중요하지만 목적사업에 따른 이른바 ‘착한 적자’의 보전과 단년도 사업성과를 기준으로 한 경영평가의 단기실적 위주의 평가도 개선되어야 한다.Policies regarding Korea’s public enterprises are switching from the conservative government to a progressive one and from business to public interest. The policy advocating for free competition was the strongest during the Lee Myung-bak administration, which privatizing the economy sector of local public enterprises. In 2010, the Lee Myung-bak administration integrated seven public corporations and industrial complexes in accordance with the policy for advancing local public enterprises and the promotion of management consulting of new local public enterprises by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety. In 2015, the Lee Myung-bak administration sold and transferred the businesses that shrank the private economy to the private sector. Local public enterprises invade the private economy sometimes, because it’s survival depend on high level of public performance and management Evaluation. So Local public enterprises can close when profitability decreases despite the establishment and operation of a local public enterprise for business affected by the public interest. Another reason is that the management deficit can lead to the abolition of public enterprises through criticism and political judgment of many stake holders when local finances are poor. Further, although securing autonomy and accountability is important for public enterprises to conduct the core business properly, short-term performance evaluation of management based on the preservation of the good deficit according to the core business and the business performance during the previous year should be improved.

The Politics of Wind: A state level analysis of political party impact on wind energy development in the United States

This paper analyses the impact of political party and policy on wind energy development in the United States. Panel data from 2000 until 2016 is used to assess the drivers of wind energy development at the state level. This time period encompasses the vast majority of the total wind energy installation in the history of the United States. To create a model more responsive to the impact of the political variables, we construct a dependent wind energy variable that controls for resource potential. The empirical results conclude that political party in the Legislative branch is not a significant driver of wind energy, however in the executive branch Democrat Governors demonstrate a positive and significant relationship with wind energy development. RPS policies are the mechanism by which political party impact is realized in the Democrat Governor variable. These policies demonstrated the highest level of positive impact on wind energy of any variable in our analysis, but this impact decreases significantly over the years after initial implementation. These results provide relevant insight to policy makers, utility companies, stake holders, and voters for wind energy development.