Mesh Research Articles

Advancements in Cholelithiasis Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of Machine Learning Applications in Imaging Analysis.

Gallstone disease is a common condition affecting a substantial number of individuals globally. The risk factors for gallstones include obesity, rapid weight loss, diabetes, and genetic predisposition. Gallstones can lead to serious complications such as calculous cholecystitis, cholangitis, biliary pancreatitis, and an increased risk for gallbladder (GB) cancer. Abdominal ultrasound (US) is the primary diagnostic method due to its affordability and high sensitivity, while computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) offer higher sensitivity and specificity. This review assesses the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning (ML) technologies in detecting gallstones. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase, covering literature up to April 2024, focusing on human studies, and including all relevant keywords. Various Boolean operators and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms were used. Additionally, reference lists were manually screened. The review included all study designs and performance indicators but excluded studies not involving artificial intelligence (AI)/ML algorithms, non-imaging diagnostic modalities, microscopic images, other diseases, editorials, commentaries, reviews, and studies with incomplete data. Data extraction covered study characteristics, imaging modalities, ML architectures, training/testing/validation, performance metrics, reference standards, and reported advantages and drawbacks of the diagnostic models. The electronic search yielded 1,002 records, of which 34 underwent full-text screening, resulting in the inclusion of seven studies. An additional study identified through citation searching brought the total to eight articles. Most studies employed a retrospective cross-sectional design, except for one prospective study. Imaging modalities included ultrasonography (four studies), computed tomography (three studies), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (one study). Patient numbers ranged from 60 to 2,386, and image numbers ranged from 60 to 17,560 images included in the training, validation, and testing of the diagnostic models. All studies utilized neural networks, predominantly convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Expert radiologists served as the reference standard for image labelling, and model performances were compared against human doctors or other algorithms. Performance indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were commonly used. In conclusion, while the reviewed machine learning models show promising performance in diagnosing gallstones, significant work remains to be done to ensure their reliability and generalizability across diverse clinical settings. The potential for these models to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency is evident, but the careful consideration of their limitations and rigorous validation are essential steps toward their successful integration into clinical practice.

PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH ERUPTION OUTCOMES AND IMPACTION OF PERMANENT MAXILLARY CANINES AFTER SECONDARY ALVEOLAR BONE GRAFTING IN PATIENTS WITH CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

A cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most prevalent anomaly affecting craniofacial structures. Alveolar bone grafting is essential for patients with CLP to ensure the proper alignment of the maxillary segments and to create a bony foundation for the permanent maxillary canines (PMC) to erupt. To reduce the risk of PMC impaction, secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) is usually performed in patients aged 8–12 years when the development of the canine root is 1/4 to 1/2 the expected length. The aim of this systematic literature review is to access the parameters associated with eruption outcomes and impaction of PMC after SABG in patients with CLP. A comprehensive literature search was carried out following PRISMA guidelines in the MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE (ScienceDirect) electronic databases, using the combinations of the following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: (impacted canines) AND (alveolar bone grafting) [MeSH term] AND (cleft lip) [MeSH term] AND (cleft palate) [MeSH term]. A total of 276 articles were identified, of which 4 studies met the eligibility criteria. Based on the studies reviewed, the most reliable parameters to determine the risk of canine impaction through the analysis of panoramic radiographs are the angulation and vertical position of PMC. A greater risk of PMC impaction on the cleft side after SABG is associated with an increased canine angulation and a more pronounced displacement in the vertical direction.

Spectrum of renal disease in scleroderma other than scleroderma renal crisis: A review of the literature.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-system rheumatic disease characterized by vascular and fibrotic manifestations that can affect practically every organ. Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is the most common renal manifestation of SSc. However, with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), the morbidity and mortality associated with SRC has significantly reduced. Renal manifestations in SSc other than SRC have been generally under-recognized and can be left untreated, which can lead to grave consequences in this patient population. In this article, we will describe the spectrum of renal disease in SSc besides SRC. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Cochrane from inception to December 2022 using medical subject headings (MeSH) terms for "scleroderma", "systemic sclerosis" combined with "renal injury", and "renal dysfunction". We included case reports, case series, observational studies, and literature reviews. The initial search revealed 393 articles. After the exclusion of duplicates and non-relevant articles, data was included from 30 articles and 45 patients. The mean age was 55.2 years, 9 males (20%) and 36 females (80%). The most reported renal manifestations included: ANCA-associated vasculitis (n=22), penicillamine-induced renal injury (n=8), oxalate nephropathy (n=5), Goodpasture syndrome (n=4), nephrotic range proteinuria (n=2), renal artery stenosis (n=2), membranous glomerulonephritis (n=1), and Evans syndrome (n=1). The spectrum of kidney involvement in SSc can range from asymptomatic reduction of the glomerular filtration rate to life-threatening scleroderma renal crisis. Therefore, it is essential that physicians closely monitor renal function in these patients for any emerging renal dysfunction.

Grapheme-Color Synesthesia and Its Connection to Memory.

Synesthesia is the involuntary association of different senses, where individuals experience one sensory modality in response to the stimulation of another. For example, a synesthete may perceive colors when reading certain numbers or associate specific tastes with particular words. Synesthesia manifests differently for individuals grouping the condition in subcategories such as grapheme-color, sound-to-color, lexical-gustatory, mirror-touch, and much more. This review covers grapheme-color synesthesia, described as the involuntary perception of specific colors or color associations when seeing or thinking about certain letters, numbers, or symbols. This review explores the performance of declarative memory tasks in individuals with grapheme-color synesthesia. A comprehensive search of controlled trials published between 2014 to 2024 was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar databases. In Google Scholar, the search terms grapheme-color synesthesia, grapheme-color synaesthesia, and memory were used. In PubMed, additional MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were used which included grapheme-color synesthesia and memory. Studies that measured declarative memory and grapheme-color synesthesia were included yielding a total of seven controlled trials. Grapheme-color synesthetes demonstrated advanced performance in declarative memory tasks; however, this may not have any clinical significance. Grapheme-color synesthetes demonstrated a better performance in their ability to recall colors, but not as much recalling words. Synesthetes were shown to outperform non-synesthetes in visual memory tasks. Synesthetes showed better recall of paired patterns, shape-color associations, and visual grids compared to control groups, but the influence of synesthesia on word memory remains unclear. Future research should consider adding control for confounding factors, collaborating with other institutions, and increasing sample size.

From Modic to Disc Endplate Bone Marrow Complex - The Natural Course and Clinical Implication of Vertebral Endplate Changes.

Review article. A review of literature on the epidemiology, natural course, pathobiology and clinical implications of vertebral endplate changes. A literature search was performed using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, and PubMed. Studies published over the last 10 years were analysed. The searches were performed using Medical Subject Headings terms, and the subheadings used were "Vertebral endplate changes", "Modic changes", "Disc Endplate Bone Marrow complex". The disc, endplate (EP), and bone marrow region of the spine constitute a unified morphological and functional unit, with isolated degeneration of any one structure being uncommon. Disc degeneration causes endplate defects, which result in direct communication and a constant cross-talk between the disc and the vertebral body. This may result in a persistent inflammatory state of the vertebral bone marrow, serving as a major pain generator. This review article focuses on vertebral endplate changes and how the current understanding has progressed from the Modic classification to the Disc Endplate Bone Marrow complex classification. It provides a clear portrayal of the natural course of these alterations and their clinical implications in low back pain. In light of the heightened interest and current prominence of vertebral endplate changes within the spine community, we must progress beyond the Modic changes to achieve a comprehensive understanding. The DEBM complex classification will play a major part in disc degeneration research and clinical care, representing a considerable advancement in our understanding of the vertebral endplate changes over the classical Modic changes.

Development and mechanism of high carbon number paraffin wax blocking remover

There are serious wax deposition problems in Yueman block of Tarim Oilfield. It was found that the sediments in Yueman block were mainly composed of high-carbon paraffin, and the carbon number of paraffin was mainly concentrated in C25–C70, of which n-alkanes accounted for 77.14%. A set of evaluation methods (wire mesh filtration method) were created for the deblocking evaluation of high-carbon paraffin deposits. An effective blocking remover formula E4 (150# petroleum ether: 40# dearomatic hydrocarbon solvent (D40): 180# solvent oil (S180) = 3: 1: 1) for high carbon paraffin deposits was developed. Under the condition of a wax ratio of 1: 15 and reaction at 30 °C for 4h, the plugging removal rate (dissolution and dispersion rate of deposit in solvent) can reach 86 %. And it has good universality for other high carbon paraffin sediments, and the deblocking rate can reach more than 80 %. Through the particle size distribution test, it was found that the effect of reaction conditions on the particle size distribution of the deposit was as follows: solvent dosage, reaction temperature, and reaction time. With the enhancement of these conditions, the particle size distribution of organic deposits gradually decreases and the degree of aggregation decreases. From the microscopic analysis, it can be seen that the blocking remover E4 effectively dissolves and strongly disperses the deposit, prevents the aggregation and bonding of the deposit particles, makes the dissolved deposit unable to continue to participate in the agglomeration, and stables dispersion in the solvent.

Intervensi Pencegahan Perilaku Bunuh Diri pada Remaja Berbasis Aplikasi dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Penanganan Kesehatan Mental

This research aims to develop a suicide prevention intervention for adolescents by utilizing technology to reach adolescents with suicidal behavior effectively and efficiently. The method used was a literature review with articles originating from the Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley Online, and Science Direct databases, to search for keywords using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) system related to relevant articles in this research. The research results resulted in an initial 354 articles. Articles were selected based on publications in the last 5 years and did not include literature reviews or systematic reviews, screening 187 articles. The final results of the 15 articles synthesized showed that there was effectiveness of screening interventions, education, DBT (dialectical behavioral therapy) skills, and help seeking in adolescents with suicidal behavior. The conclusion of this research is that suicide prevention interventions for teenagers by utilizing application technology on smartphones have proven to be effective and efficient in reaching and helping teenagers with suicidal ideation. Keywords: Application, Suicide Prevention, Suicide Intervention, Teenagers

Shear Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete Ferrocement Beams with Light Weight Core Material

In this paper, the shear behavior of ferro-cement hollow beams is investigated experimentally and analytically. Ten reinforced concrete beams with cross-sectional dimensions of 100 × 200 × 1300 mm and a clear span of 1000 mm were cast and tested until failure under a two-point loading system. Ferrocement beams in this research contained either an autoclaved aerated lightweight brick core (AAC) or an extruded foam core (EFC) and were reinforced with either expanded metal mesh (EMM) or welded wire mesh (WWM). The structural behavior of the studied beams, including first crack, deflection, ultimate load, crack pattern, failure mode, and ductility index, was investigated. The experimental data were used to validate finite element models created with the ABAQUS finite element program. It can be concluded that the optimum performance of ferrocement beams can be achieved using beams with a second layer of expanded steel mesh as additional reinforcement, which led to an increase in the ultimate load and maximum deflection by 12.9% and 22.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the Numerical results agreed with the experimental results, where the ratio between the NLFE ultimate loads and the experimental ultimate loads varies between 1.02 and 1.07, with an average ratio of 1.04.

Operational Dynamic Load Testing for Repair Recommendations Case Study of Access Road to Vehicle Weight in Motion

The indication of inaccuracies in vehicle weight measurement using Weight in Motion (WIM) technology on mining roads has been identified due to the non-fulfillment of the design criteria required by the WIM manufacturer. This study aims to identify the gap between the actual pavement conditions and the design criteria and to design improvements to eliminate this gap. The method employed involves dynamic load testing, followed by processing the test data with operational modal analysis (OMA) to obtain dynamic parameters that will serve as a reference for calculating the pavement capacity. From OMA, a natural structural frequency of 26.342 Hz was obtained, while the theoretical calculation based on the design criteria was 29.481 Hz. This frequency decrease indicates structural damage of 10.65% and a capacity reduction of 26.8% from the design criteria. This finding is reinforced by a critical damping ratio of 5.25%, which is higher than the damping for intact concrete, ranging between 2%-5%. This indicates energy dissipation through concrete cracks. It is recommended to inject the cracks in the existing pavement with a cement base and perform a 130 mm overlay with mortar grout (fc’= 50 MPa) with one layer of M12 wire mesh. The connection with the old pavement will use concrete bonding and D13-600/600 chemical anchors. With this improvement, the structural capacity will become 104% of the design criteria.

Providing ramps during lay has larger impacts on laying hens than ramps at rearing

Commercial laying hen housing is shifting from traditional cages to non-cage housing systems, such as the aviary, which has gained popularity due to potential for more species-typical behavior. However, birds housed in aviaries may have difficulties moving through the vertical tiers of the system leading to health problems such as keel bone fracture (KBF). One possible way to improve movement is to add ramps into an aviary system, allowing hens to walk between tiers rather than jump or fly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adding ramps to rearing and laying aviaries on bird health, production, and movement across vertical tiers of the aviary. Lohmann Selected Leghorn pullets were raised in 2 treatments: 4 pens (600 birds/pen) were raised with wire mesh ramps to aid movement between aviary tiers (RR) and 4 pens (600 birds/pen) were raised without ramps (RO). At 17 wk of age (WOA), birds were moved to the laying facility, in which 16 aviary pens with 225 birds/pen were populated. Half the pens (n = 8) were supplemented with wire mesh ramps (LR) and the other half were not (LO). Within each laying treatment group, 4 pens were populated with RR hens and 4 pens were populated with RO hens, creating 4 treatment combinations (RRLR, RRLO, ROLR, ROLO). From each pen, 15 focal hens were selected for radiographic imaging of their keel bones taken at 21, 36, 45, and 60 WOA and the images were subsequently scored for KBF severity. Focal hens were also scored for feather condition and footpad quality at 36 and 60 WOA using a standardized welfare assessment protocol. The number of downward transitions among aviary areas and falls were recorded at 19 to 20 and 30 to 31 WOA. Data were analyzed using (generalized) linear mixed models in R software. When ramps were available, they were used in most of the observed downward transitions (79% in ROLR and 86% in RRLR). Hens who received ramps in lay (i.e., RRLR and ROLR) showed more transitions immediately after lights on compared to midday or dusk phases (p < 0.001), performed more transitions from the first aviary tier compared to nest or top tier (p = 0.013) and had lower KBF severity than those who did not receive ramps in the laying aviaries (ROLO, RRLO; p < 0.001). At 60 WOA, hens in the RRLR treatment had greater feather coverage than those in ROLR and RRLO treatments (p < 0.001). Birds in the RRLR treatment had better foot health overall than those in treatments without ramps in lay (p = 0.018). Providing ramps to hens in aviaries appeared to be the preferred means of transitioning between aviary tiers though had positive effects on welfare parameters such as food health, feather coverage, and KBF severity, without negative impacts on production. Benefits were seen primarily when ramps were provided in lay, though their installation in rearing provided evidence of easier adaptation to the laying barn. Our study supports providing ramps throughout the lifetime of the bird to accommodate hens' preferred means of moving vertically in aviaries and deliver consequent benefits to health and welfare.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of breathing exercises effects on lung function and quality of life in postoperative lung cancer patients.

Postoperative recovery in lung cancer patients is a complex process, where breathing exercises may play a crucial role in enhancing pulmonary function and quality of life (QoL). This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes the impact of breathing exercises on post-surgical lung function and QoL in lung cancer patients. An extensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase databases using terms like "Lung Neoplasms", "breathing exercises", and "randomized controlled trial", supplemented by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free words. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of breathing exercises post-lung cancer surgery followed by data extraction and quality evaluation. From 384 retrieved studies, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for detailed analysis. The main outcomes assessed were postoperative pulmonary function indices and QoL measures. The majority of studies were deemed 'low risk' for random sequence generation and allocation concealment. However, due to the nature of the interventions, blinding was a 'high risk' in most cases. The meta-analysis revealed significant improvements in key pulmonary function indices: forced vital capacity (FVC%) increased by an average of 1.73%, maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) improved by 7.58 L/min, and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) enhanced by 0.95 cmH2O. Additionally, there was a notable alleviation of postoperative dyspnea and an enhancement in QoL, with anxiety scores decreasing by an average of 3.42 points and complication rates reducing correspondingly. However, the interventions did not significantly affect physical activity levels or performance on the 6-minute walk test (6WMT), with effect sizes for these outcomes being non-significant. This study indicates that breathing exercises significantly improve postoperative pulmonary function and QoL in lung cancer patients. Future research should delve into the mechanisms behind these exercises and evaluate their long-term rehabilitation effects. Customized programs could further optimize recovery and enhance patient QoL.

Space management using Transpalatal arch in mixed dentition phase: A case report

Introduction: The early exfoliation of primary molars during the mixed dentition phase often results in disruptions to the normal development of occlusion. An alternative option for space management in the maxillary arch besides the commonly used Nance palatal holding appliance is the transpalatal arch which allows some amount of space regaining. Case report: A 9 year old female reported with a complaint of missing tooth in the upper right back tooth region since 2 years. On examination, there was premature loss of the right primary maxillary first molar causing space deficiency in the arch form. A treatment plan was made for space regaining and distalization with transpalatal arch custom made with 0.9mm stainless steel wires and soldered to the molar bands. The treatment spanned for 10 months with the eruption of the permanent successor in correct arch form. Conclusion: Although the use of transpalatal arch is limited in pediatric dentistry, it can be used for correcting minor space discrepancies of the maxillary arch. More number of cases need to be studied for extending the use of the appliance in interceptive orthodontics.

Study on the influence of wedge-shaped steel plate hoops and steel strands wire mesh-PCM on seismic performance of damaged RC columns

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the use of polymer cement mortar (PCM) and steel strands wire mesh (SSWM) for strengthening damaged reinforced concrete (RC) columns. A new type of anchor device, wedge-shaped steel plate hoops (WSSPHs), was developed to maximize the resistance of the steel strands. The study aimed to analyze the impact of spacing and prestressing level on the mechanical properties of the damaged RC columns. Six columns were constructed and tested under low-cycle reciprocating quasi-static tests, including three control columns and three strengthened columns. The research focuses on the strengthening mechanism of WSSPHs and explores the influence of steel strand prestressing level and spacing on factors such as failure modes, hysteresis behavior, stiffness degradation, and cumulative energy dissipation of the strengthened columns. The test results showed that while the strength and stiffness of the strengthened specimens were not fully restored due to significant damage, the ductility and energy dissipation of the columns were improved. Moreover, columns with higher steel strand prestressing levels and narrower spacing demonstrated better strengthening effects. The study assessed the level of damage in specimens using the Park-Ang model, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed strengthening method.

Bibliometric Insight Into Thyroid Cancer Research: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions.

In the past 3 decades, thyroid cancer research has surged, becoming the leading topic in clinical thyroidology. Despite this, there's a lack of data identifying key articles, authors, and journals. This study aims to provide insights for authors, physicians, and research labs by highlighting the most influential journals, authors, and research topics in thyroid cancer. A comprehensive search was conducted using the Scopus database, employing the medical subject heading (MeSH) terms "Thyroid" and "Cancer" in the titles, abstracts, or keywords of articles. The search was limited to English articles in academic medicine journals published between January 1993 and December 2021. The search yielded 21472 articles across 3076 journals, authored by 13974 senior authors. The number of journals publishing on thyroid cancer expanded from 29 in 1993 to 733 in 2021, marking an average annual growth of 14%. Article output on the topic increased from 54 in the initial year to 1580 by 2021, with an annual growth rate of 16%. A thematic analysis revealed 369 articles mentioning "BRAF" since 2004, 479 articles on "ultrasound" techniques, 325 on "ablation" methods, and 453 articles focusing on "genetics" in thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism emerged as the most prolific, publishing 1017 articles over the 29-year period. This study guides resource allocation towards impactful journals for thyroid cancer researchers, helps identify key contributors for collaboration or mentorship, and provides a framework for similar analyses in other fields.

Reconstruction of patella fractures with the tension band technique: A review on clinical results and tips and tricks

IntroductionThe goals of surgical treatment of patellar fractures are a biomechanically stable joint and congruent restoration of the retro patellar joint surface. Surgical treatment strategies for patellar fractures have evolved from tension band in combination with wire cerclages to new devices. MethodsThe modified anterior tension band (MATB) technique for fixation of patellar fractures consists of two longitudinal 1.8 mm Kirschner wires (K-wires) and an 18-gauge stainless steel wire looped in a figure-of-8 pattern over the anterior aspect of the patella. The K-wires should be inserted 5 mm from the anterior cortical surface of the patella, parallel in the coronal and sagittal planes. For mechanical reasons, the wire should be the closest to the anterior aspect of the bone. This construct converts the anterior tensile forces generated by the extensor mechanism and knee flexion into compressive forces on the anterior aspect of the fracture site. The MATB is the most widely accepted method of internal fixation for transverse and comminuted patellar fractures.Only a careful implementation of the MATB in all its phases will provide the best mechanical construct and the least aggressive construct for the soft tissues, allowing early re-education without complications. ResultsGood to excellent clinical results (64–100 %) have been reported with MATB for fixation of patellar fractures. Good to excellent range of knee motion and satisfactory results have been reported despite a high percentage (up to 60 %) of secondary procedures, mainly for removal of symptomatic hardware. ConclusionThis article provides an overview of the use and results of the MATB technique for patellar fractures and the means to improve results with this technique.

Accuracy of lingual fixed retainers fabricated using a CAD/CAM bending machine.

Lingual fixed retainers, made from 0.0175-inch 3-strand twisted stainless steel wire (TW) and 0.016 × 0.022-inch straight rectangular wire (RW), are generally used in clinical practice. This study aimed to calculate their accuracy by comparing the discrepancy between computer-aided customized retainers made from these two types of wires. Eleven orthodontic patients were selected, resulting in 22 maxillary and mandibular three-dimensional printing dental models. Two types of lingual fixed retainers were bonded from canine to canine. To determine the accuracy, five points were chosen for each model, resulting in 110 selected points. The absolute values of the distances on the x-, y-, and z-axes were measured to compare the accuracy of the two types of computer-aided retainers. The accuracy of the two types of retainers did not differ significantly in the x- and z-axes, but only in the y-axis (P < 0.01), where RW-fixed retainers exhibited a slightly but significantly increased distance compared to the TW. Both types of retainers showed high accuracy; however, RW had a slight but statistically significant difference along the y-axis compared with TW. This type of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing bending machine is limited to two dimensions, and the dental arch is curved. Therefore, RW may require slight manual adjustment by the practitioner after manufacturing.

Reconciliation of wire woven mesh porous media in controlling the desired heat transfer and pressure drop

Purpose Despite the reputation of the metal-based porous media for their ability to augment heat transfer as widely witnessed in the literature and practically operating heat exchanging applications, the coexisting penalty of the increased pressure drop demanding increased pumping power poses a major concern that invites the need for an alternate solution to handle this unsought outcome. Therefore, this study aims at providing a better solution to the existing cost and benefit scenarios to benefit a plethora of engineering applications including energy transfer, energy storage and energy conversion. Design/methodology/approach This work highlights on the property of stacked woven wire mesh porous media such as their stacking types, porous conditions and thickness scenarios that can potentially result in distinct trade-off scenarios. A vertical channel is numerical modelled by using REV scaled modelling technique using Darcy-Forchheimer and local thermal non-equilibrium models to illustrate the possibilities of this variety of trade off scenarios between the desirable heat transfer and the unsought flow resistance. Findings This work illustrates the advantages of wire mesh-based porous medium and its distinct potential in controlling the existing trade-offs between the cost and benefit aspects. It is found that by varying the features of wire mesh porous media, the interplay between the conflictingly existing characteristics can be much easily handled specific to distinct requirements associated with variety of engineering applications. Originality/value The study emphasizes on a new solution or methodology to handle the penalty of pressure drop associated with metal-based porous media. Through this study, a novel approach to control the ultimately costing pumping power at the benefit of increased heat transfer is provided considering various requirements that could be associated with any thermal management systems. Various possibilities and potentials of wire mesh porous media are illustrated highlighting on their benefit of ease with which the mentioned goals can be achieved.

Position and root resorption of the incisors following anterior segment retraction using friction versus frictionless mechanics: A randomised controlled trial.

To evaluate the three-dimensional position and root resorption of incisors after anterior segment retraction (ASR) using friction versus frictionless mechanics. Thirty female patients (13-18 years) with bimaxillary protrusion were randomly allocated into two groups. In the intervention group, ASR was undertaken using an elastomeric chain rendering 160 g/side extending between mini-screw implant and a hook crimped on 0.017 × 0.025-inch stainless-steel wire distal to the lateral incisor. In the comparison group, ASR was undertaken using closing T-loops fabricated from 0.017 × 0.025-inch titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) wire rendering comparable retraction force. In both groups, the canine brackets were ligated after retraction to the mini-screw implants that were inserted in both the upper and lower arches bilaterally. The primary outcome was the three-dimensional changes in the position of the incisors. The secondary outcome was root resorption. These were measured from cone-beam computed tomography scans. Statistically significant decreases in the upper (UI) and lower incisors (LI) crown torque were seen in both groups; however, the difference between groups was not statistically or clinically significant (UI MD -2.04°; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -8.02-3.95; LI MD -0.49°; 95% CI = -7.06-6.08). Significant tipping of upper (MD -1.17°; 95% CI = -2.06--0.27) and lower (MD -1.13°; 95% CI = -1.66--0.60) incisors was found in the friction, but not the frictionless group after retraction; however, the changes were not clinically significant. Significant lower incisor intrusion was found in both groups after retraction; however, the difference between groups was not statistically or clinically significant (MD -0.61°; 95% CI = -1.99-0.77). Statistically significant decreases in the UI and LI root length were seen in both groups. The difference between groups for UI changes was statistically significant (MD 0.54 mm; 95% CI = -0.02-1.07) but probably not clinically significant. Considering the limitations in the current study, there was no advantage of either mechanics over the other regarding the final position of incisors. The likelihood of root resorption should be considered when frictionless mechanics are used for retraction of incisors. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04878939).

Representation of Social Determinants of Health terminology in medical subject headings: impact of added terms.

To enhance and evaluate the quality of PubMed search results for Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) through the addition of new SDoH terms to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). High priority SDoH terms and definitions were collated from authoritative sources, curated based on publication frequencies, and refined by subject matter experts. Descriptive analyses were used to investigate how PubMed search details and best match results were affected by the addition of SDoH concepts to MeSH. Three information retrieval metrics (Precision, Recall, and F measure) were used to quantitatively assess the accuracy of PubMed search results. Pre- and post-update documents were clustered into topic areas using a Natural Language Processing pipeline, and SDoH relevancy assessed. Addition of 35 SDoH terms to MeSH resulted in more accurate algorithmic translations of search terms and more reliable best match results. The Precision, Recall, and F measures of post-update results were significantly higher than those of pre-update results. The percentage of retrieved publications belonging to SDoH clusters was significantly greater in the post- than pre-update searches. This evaluation confirms that inclusion of new SDoH terms in MeSH can lead to qualitative and quantitative enhancements in PubMed search retrievals. It demonstrates the methodology for and impact of suggesting new terms for MeSH indexing. It provides a foundation for future efforts across behavioral and social science research (BSSR) domains. Improving the representation of BSSR terminology in MeSH can improve PubMed search results, thereby enhancing the ability of investigators and clinicians to build and utilize a cumulative BSSR knowledge base.

Influence of post-migration living difficulties on mental health among refugees and asylum seekers: A scoping-review on clinical tools.

The literature indicates an increasing interest in the mental health of refugees (R) and asylum seekers (AS) - particularly how it could be affected by previous exposure to trauma and violence - but less has been written about the issues they are forced to face during the post-migration period and how these also can affect mental health. Research shows that the mental health of R/AS is highly influenced by their post-migration conditions and may deteriorate due to post-migration social health-related determinants; in addition, a lack of language skills, discrimination, separation from family, poverty, and other stressors can contribute to social isolation. The difficulty in asking for help in case of psychological distress and, consequently, in accessing care, contributes to the worsening of their clinical condition. The primary purpose of this study is to identify and provide a review of the clinical tools used to screen migrants (R/AS) at risk of developing psychological distress, identifying post-migration difficulties. We searched studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane (Central), and Cinahl (ultimate) with the last search on 14 April 2023, using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Our systematic search identified 1,878 records. After removing duplicates, we screened 1,238 records by title and abstract, retaining 97 for full text review. Of these, 68 met full eligibility criteria (1995-2023). A total of 30 social scales have been identified, as well as structured or semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. Translated into multiple languages, the tools can be self-administered or administered by trained professionals. PMLD is known for its effectiveness in evaluating the post-migration period and predicting mental health issues. Considering the limited number of studies and, consequently, the limited number of tools found, it can be inferred that not enough attention is given to post-migration in the broader sense.