Stainless Steel Pan Research Articles

Studies on the Instant Tea (Part 5)

For the production of instant tea, the vacuum drying procedure of tea extract was investigated on a laboratory scale.The suitable drying procedure was as follows.The incoporation of air finely dispersed into the. cold tea extract prior to vacuum drying caused the extract to expand, and the tea solids could then be dried as a product with a puffed style.The aerated extact was whighed into stainlesssteel pans at a rate of 10g. per 100 cm2.The loaded trays were then placed in the vacuum dryer, the pressure was reduced to about 1 mm. Hg, and the temperature of the shelves was raised from 50°C. to 70°C. as rapidly as possible. The incoporated air expanded the extract 20- to 40-folds of its initial volume during the early stage of drying.The product temperature had to be maintained under 50°C. to keep its quality good. The drying time required about an hour.This product was very easily soluble in hot water and had good taste but less flavor.

Studies on the Instant Tea (Preliminary Report)

To produce an instant tea, the following three processes were preliminarily studied.1. Extracting processFor applying a freezing concentration method in the second process, some concentrated extract had to be obtained in the first step.After trying several extracting methods, an extract having desirable concentration (10°Brix) could be obtained by modifying a batch countercurrent multiple contact method.2. Concentrating processTo decide the optimum density of the extract for freezing concentration, the original extract (10°Brix) and diluted extracts (5-7°Brix) were freezed in an icecream freezer and eliminated the ice crystal by centrifugation. The extract having over 8°Brix concentration was succeeded to be condensed by freezing and after two or three succesive treatments the starting extract (10°Brix) could be condensed up to 30-45°Brix.3. Drying processThe concentrated extract (30-45°Brix) was spread as even as possible 2mm. layer on stainless steel pans and heated at 80°C. under reduced pressure of 10-15mm. Hg.After 2.5-hours heating and then 0.5-hours cooling, well puffed dry powder was obtained. This product was very easily soluble in water and had good taste but less flavor.

A METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS URINEAND STOOL COLLECTION IN YOUNG INFANTS

Metabolic investigations of premature and young infants have been hampered by difficulties in making quantitative urine and stool collections. Many studies have been limited to male infants and the duration of study has often been short, or interrupted by the development of skin irritation. Fragile or desperately ill patients who might benefit from investigation often are not studied because of the difficulties and hazards involved in available methods. A special pan designed after the type used in animal metabolic cages has been adapted for urine and stool collections from infants in incubators. This device has made possible the continuous collection of urine and stool for as long as 8 to 13 weeks. This metabolism pan has also permitted investigations of female infants as well as males and, further, has been found to be satisfactory and valuable in the treatment of the very small, sick or postoperative patient. See image in the PDF file Figure 1 is a sketch of the stainless steel pan and complete equipment with the infant in place. The pan is a shallow funnel with connecting tubing extending into a bottle below. The nylon netting is shown stretched tightly over the top of the pan and held in this position by metal rods, threaded through seams in the nylon and clamped in place outside the pan. The baby is placed prone or on his side on the netting with a bib under his head and a piece of nylon netting pinned loosely over his back or shoulders.