Stainless Steel Crowns Research Articles

Can zirconia crowns be the first restorative choice after endodontic treatment of primary teeth?

Early loss of primary teeth due to caries can cause temporary or permanent problems, such as occlusion disorders, aesthetic problems, nutritional problems, abnormal habits, and speech disorders. Although the development of restorative materials has led to significant improvements, failures are still frequent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success rates of zirconia crowns compared to other crowns for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth with excessive loss of material. A total of 45 teeth of patients aged under 10years, including primary molars and anterior teeth, requiring restoration after root canal treatment, were included in this randomized, non-blinded clinical study. Stainless steel (SSC), zirconia (ZC), and strip (SC) crowns were used and compared clinically and radiographically during a six-month follow-up period. Parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire at one week and six months to evaluate the parent and child satisfaction levels. The patients' pain and discomfort levels were assessed using a visual analogue scale. The Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Squared and Friedman and Cochran Q tests were used for statistical comparisons using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The six-month follow-up evaluations revealed no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the SSC, ZC, and SC groups. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to parent and child satisfaction. The clinical outcomes of ZCs were comparable to those of the other crowns. ZCs could be a choice for aesthetic purposes, with the disadvantage of a higher cost.

Trends, Characteristics, and Success Rates of Treatment for Severe Early Childhood Caries Under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study in Northwest China.

To retrospectively analyze the characteristics, tendencies, and success rates of dental treatments for severe early childhood caries (SECC) under general anesthesia (GA) in in northwest China. Children diagnosed with SECC were included in this retrospective study. From January 2015 to December 2018, they received dental treatment under GA at Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Demographic information, caries status and treatment characteristics were collected from electronic medical record system. Success rates of different treatments at 6-month and 12-month follow up were also analyzed. A total of 846 children (477 male, 369 female) received dental treatment under GA. The case number was increased from 148 in 2015 to 278 in 2018. There were 81.2% and 70.8% of the children participated the 6-month and 12-month follow up. SSC and pulpotomy was the most successful restorations and pulp therapy, with the success rate of 97.09% and 93.98% in 12-month follow up, respectively. The use of crown restorations (including composite resin crown and stainless steel crown) and pulp reservation therapies (including indirect pulp therapy and pulpotomy) were significantly increased while composite resin filling and pulpectomy decreased during 2015 to 2018. There has been an increasing demand for dental treatment under GA for children with SECC in northwest China, with a trend toward younger ages. With better clinical outcomes, crown restorations and pulp reservation therapies were the fastest-growing treatments under GA.

Comparative evaluation on clinical success rate of prefabricated zirconia crowns and stainless steel crowns in primary molars

To compare the clinical success rate of Prefabricated Zirconia crowns and stainless steel crowns on primary molars: It is an in-vivo study which was performed on 52 pulpally treated primary molars of children aged 4–9 years were randomly divided into two equal groups of stainless steel crown and Prefabricated Zirconia crowns. Tooth preparation was done according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and crowns were cemented. All crowns were cemented with Type I Glass ionomer cement (GIC) luting cement. Crowns were evaluated clinically for its crown retention, marginal integrity and gingival health at 3 months and 6 months.: Clinical success for stainless steel crowns and Prefabricated Zirconia crowns towards crown retention and marginal integrity were similar with no statistical difference between them. All Prefabricated Zirconia crowns showed healthy gingiva whereas 53.8% (14 out of 26) Stainless Steel crowns showed mild gingival inflammation at 3 and 6 months which was statistically significant (P ≤0.01). Both prefabricated zirconia and stainless steel crowns showed no statistical difference for crown retention and marginal integrity throughout the study. Gingival health was significantly higher for Prefabricated Zirconia crowns compared with stainless steel crowns. Therefore clinical success rate for Prefabricated Zirconia crowns were better when compared to stainless steel crowns. So Prefabricated Zirconia crowns can be considered as an esthetic alternative in future.

Management of Compromised First Permanent Molar with Triple Antibiotic Paste in a 12-year-old Child: A Case Report

In teeth with pulpal and periapical infection, various group of microorganisms are present. Inhibition of the growth of these microorganisms and suppression of their antimicrobial activity play a crucial role in the success of the endodontic management. Triple antibiotic paste has been reported to have an excellent antimicrobial efficacy and it can be useful in management of teeth with severe infection. A 12-year-old female child reported with pain and swelling in relation with a lower left first permanent molar. Clinical examination of the tooth revealed deep occlusal caries and dentoalveolar abscess. Radiographically, the carious lesion was seen involving the pulp with periodontal ligament widening and inter-radicular bone loss was observed (endo-perio lesion). Considering the position of the tooth and its strategic importance, a conservative approach to salvage the tooth using Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) as a medicament was employed with complete radiographic healing by 12 weeks. Subsequent obturation using lateral condensation with gutta percha followed by composite restoration and preformed stainless steel crown was performed. This case report focuses on the endodontic management of perforated first permanent molar with compromised periodontal support and significant bone loss TAP as medicament and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as perforation repair material. Based on the results it can be concluded that Triple Anitibiotic Paste (TAP) can be effective in the disinfection and sterilization of the root canals and repair of complex lesions.

Evaluation of Titanium-nitride Coated Crown: Surface Hardness, Corrosion Resistance and Color Sustainability

The purpose of this study was to compare surface hardness between titanium-nitride coated crowns (TiNCs) and stainless steel crowns (SSCs), and to evaluate the corrosion resistance and color sustainability of TiNCs. Ten TiNCs and 10 SSCs were used for the hardness test. Measurement was performed 30 times for each type of crowns, and the mean values were compared. Metallic raw material plates (before being processed into crowns) of TiNCs and SSCs were prepared for the corrosion resistance test. The total amounts of metal ion releases in the test solution were detected by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Five TiNCs were subjected to the color sustainability test by applying repetitive brushing forces. The mean hardness values of TiNC group and SSC group were 395.53 ± 105.90 Hv and 278.70 ± 31.45 Hv respectively. Hardness of TiNCs were significantly higher than that of SSCs. The total amounts of metal ion releases from the materials of TiNCs and SSCs satisfied the criterion in International Organization for Standardization 22674. The results mean that TiNCs and SSCs were not harmful in an acidic environment. The golden coating was stable against the repetitive physical stimulations for a given period time.

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of chitosan and formocresol as medicaments for pulpotomy in primary molars: A clinical pilot study

Aim: To compare the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of chitosan and formocresol as pulpotomy medicaments in primary molars. Methods: Children of age 4-8 years old, who were physically and mentally healthy without any known medical history of systemic conditions contraindicating pulp therapy with at least one deep carious primary molars indicated for pulpotomy, were recruited. Pulpotomies were performed on 64 teeth divided into 2 groups, Group A (chitosan) and Group B (formocresol), followed by stainless steel crowns. Evaluation of clinical and radiological success was done at 1, 3 and 6 months follow up. Chi Square Test was used to compare the clinical and radiological parameters between study groups at different time intervals (p < 0.05) Results: Clinical success rate in both groups was 96.6% and radiographic success rate in chitosan was 96.6%, but formocresol was 89.6%. Conclusions: Chitosan was found to be an effective medicament for pulpotomy in primary molars. While chitosan also showed improved success rate compared to formocresol, it was not statistically significant.

Full Mouth Rehabilitation of Early Childhood Caries: A Case Report

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major health concern that affects the oral health of infants and children negatively. This leads to reduced vertical dimension, masticatory insufficiency, esthetics, development of parafunctional habits such as tongue thrusting and psychological problems. The following case report of ECC documents the restoration ofdecayed primary teeth to improve the oral and general health and help the child to gain the self-confidence. The treatment described is simple and effective and it represents a promising alternative for rehabilitation of decayed primary teeth. Keywords: Early Childhood Caries, Full Mouth Rehabilitation, Pulpectomy, Strip Crowns, Stainless Steel Crowns.

Prevalence and Association of Children Requiring Stainless Steel Crown in Maxillary First Permanent Molars

Prevalence and Association of Children Requiring Stainless Steel Crown in Maxillary First Permanent Molars

Comparative Evaluation Of Commercially Available Stainless Steel Crowns: An In- Vitro Study

Purpose : The purpuse of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength, compressive strength,adaptability,retention,resistance and dimensions of different commercially available stainless steel crown ( SSC ) and a new crown ( rainbow ) coming in the market.
 Materials & method : Sixty extracted primary molars were used.Crown preparation was done.They were divided into four groups of 15 samples each. Each group was assigned a commercially available crown and group II was assigned the new rainbow crown. They were all subjected to universal mechanical testing machine.
 Results : Group I has maximum value for tensile and compressive strength. The post hoc tukey analysis confirmed that there was no statistical difference between other variables for all the groups.
 Conclusion : All the four brands of SSC had similar fracture resistance. Further study with big sample size is needed to evaluate their performance under cyclical and multiaxial force loads.

Comparison Of Crown Dimensions Of 3m Espe Stainless Steel Crowns For Mandibular First Permanent Molars With Population Average: A Cross Sectional Stu

Comparison Of Crown Dimensions Of 3m Espe Stainless Steel Crowns For Mandibular First Permanent Molars With Population Average: A Cross Sectional Stu

A Web-Based Rendering Application for Communicating Dental Conditions.

The importance of visual aids in communicating clinical examination findings or proposed treatments in dentistry cannot be overstated. Similarly, communicating dental research results with tooth surface-level precision is impractical without visual representations. Here, we present the development, deployment, and two real-life applications of a web-based data visualization informatics pipeline that converts tooth surface-level information to colorized, three-dimensional renderings. The core of the informatics pipeline focuses on texture (UV) mapping of a pre-existing model of the human primary dentition. The 88 individually segmented tooth surfaces receive independent inputs that are represented in colors and textures according to customizable user specifications. The web implementation SculptorHD, deployed on the Google Cloud Platform, can accommodate manually entered or spreadsheet-formatted tooth surface data and allows the customization of color palettes and thresholds, as well as surface textures (e.g., condition-free, caries lesions, stainless steel, or ceramic crowns). Its current implementation enabled the visualization and interpretation of clinical early childhood caries (ECC) subtypes using latent class analysis-derived caries experience summary data. As a demonstration of its potential clinical utility, the tool was also used to simulate the restorative treatment presentation of a severe ECC case, including the use of stainless steel and ceramic crowns. We expect that this publicly available web-based tool can aid clinicians and investigators deliver precise, visual presentations of dental conditions and proposed treatments. The creation of rapidly adjustable lifelike dental models, integrated to existing electronic health records and responsive to new clinical findings or planned for future work, is likely to boost two-way communication between clinicians and their patients.

Wear and marginal quality of aesthetic crowns for primary molars.

Due to limited aesthetics of stainless-steel crowns, the demand for tooth-coloured crowns has recently risen. Few studies have investigated the marginal integrity and wear behaviour of tooth-coloured primary molar crowns under subcritical load in vitro. This in vitro study evaluated the marginal quality and wear of newly introduced resin composite and hybrid ceramic crowns compared with metal and zirconia crowns. Metal, resin composite, hybrid ceramic (CAD/CAM), and various zirconia crowns were investigated. After thermomechanical loading (2,500 thermocycles/100,000×50N), marginal quality of luting gaps and wear of crowns/antagonists were evaluated using replicas under a light or 3D laser scanning microscope. Results were analysed with the Mann-Whitney U test or one-way ANOVA (p<.05). Marginal quality of the new resin composite and hybrid ceramic crowns performed well in comparison with SSC and zirconia crowns. Adhesive bonding of crowns resulted in superior marginal seal compared with conventional GIC (Mann-Whitney U test, p<.05). Regarding wear, zirconia crowns exhibited significantly worse results than resin composite or hybrid ceramic crowns and SSCs (ANOVA, p<0.05). The new resin composite and hybrid ceramic crown exhibited good performance in comparison with SSCs and zirconia crowns considering both wear and marginal quality after subcritical loading.

Comparison of Amount of Tooth Reduction in Primary first Molar for Stainless Steel, Zirconia and Fibre-glass Crowns – In-Vitro Study

Comparison of Amount of Tooth Reduction in Primary first Molar for Stainless Steel, Zirconia and Fibre-glass Crowns – In-Vitro Study

A Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Sodium Hypochlorite Versus Formocresol Pulpotomy in Primary Molar Teeth: 12-month Follow-up.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of pulpotomy in primary molars using formocresol versus sodium hypochlorite.Methods: Twenty-three children aged 4-9 years with at least two primary molars requiring pulpotomy were randomly allocated into two groups. All teeth received stainless steel crown after conventional pulpotomy procedure with either NaOCl or formocresol. Clinical and radiographic signs/symptoms were recorded at six and 12 months. Outcomes were statistically analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and Chi-squaretest.Results: Clinical success rates at 6 and 12-month follow-up in both groups was 100%. At 6-month follow-up, radiographic success rate for NaOCl and formocresol groups was 100%. At 12-month recalls, in NaOCl group, 20 teeth (87%) and in formocresol group, 21 teeth (91.3%) had radiographic success. No significant difference was found in the radiographic success rates at 12 months (P=1.00). Internal root resorption was the most common radiographic pathologic finding in both groups.Conclusion:Clinical and radiographic success rates in NaOCl group was comparable with formocresol group, so NaOCL can be suggested as an alternative for primary teeth pulpotomies. However further clinical studies with long-term follow-ups are needed.

Stainless steel crown vs bulk fill composites for the restoration of primary molars post-pulpectomy: 1-year survival and acceptance results of a randomized clinical trial.

A key factor for the success and longevity of the endodontic treatment is sealing of the cavity after restorative treatment. The aim of this randomised clinical trial was to evaluate the 1-year survival of endodontic treatment in primary molars restored with stainless steel crowns (SSCs) and bulk fill composite resin (BF). As a secondary outcome, the acceptance of both children and parents was evaluated. Ninety-one 3- to 8-year-old children with at least one primary molar requiring endodontic treatment were selected. Participants were randomized to SSC or BF and evaluated after 1, 3, 6, and 12months. An acceptance questionnaire was completed immediately after the treatment. The primary outcome was the endodontic treatment success, evaluated in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population using the Kaplan-Meier and non-inferiority Cox regression analyses, with a non-inferiority limit of 15%. Sensitivity analysis between the success rates after 1year was performed using Miettinen-Nurminen's method. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the treatment acceptance (α=5%). The survival rate after 1year was BF=75% and SSC=88% (HR=1.41; 90% CI 0.57-3.43). ITT analysis showed a success rate of BF=86.7% and SSC=82.6% (RR=0.95; 0.78-1.16). The non-inferiority hypothesis between the survival of endodontic treatment could not be proved in both analyses (P>.05). The overall acceptance scores did not differ between the restorative groups (P>.05). This study failed to show non-inferiority of BF compared with the SSC. The materials were well accepted by both children and their parents.

Comparison of Bite Force and the Influencing Factors Pre- and Post-cementation of Stainless Steel Crown in Children Using T-Scan.

BackgroundIn children, stainless steel crowns (SSCs) have become an invaluable restorative option for grossly decayed primary teeth. The crowns are manufactured in different sizes with preformed anatomy which requires trimming or contouring as a necessary step to fit an individual tooth. Initially, this may produce variation in the occlusal contact points yet may not result in pain or discomfort. Little research exists regarding bite force equilibration measurements in children after placing SSC, and its influencing factors such as age and gender.Aim and objectiveTo evaluate and compare the measurements of bite force pre- and post-cementation of SSC using the conventional technique at maximal intercuspal position (MIP) on primary molars at different time intervals and whether age and gender influence bite force measurements.DesignBite force and occlusal contacts during occlusion were made using T-Scan III. Twenty children scheduled for treatment who needed SSCs were included. T-Scan measurements of the bite force and occlusal contacts of the maxilla and mandibular teeth were recorded and analyzed before and immediately after cementation of SSC later 4 weeks during the follow-up period. These measurements were correlated with age and gender influence.ResultsThere was no significant result in the percentage of bite force on the crowned tooth (placement of SSC) at different time intervals. Prematurities were present in all the groups but a significant reduction was seen on the crowned tooth from baseline to 1-month follow-up (p = 0.03). Also, a statistically significant increase in the bite force was seen in >7 years of age (p = 0.006) and no statistical significance among the gender.ConclusionFollowing the standard tooth preparation, the SSC will continue to appear clinically acceptable for many years. Our study children showed an adaptable masticatory system irrespective of age and gender during growth and development.How to cite this articleAishwarya N, Nagarathna C, Poovani S, et al. Comparison of Bite Force and the Influencing Factors Pre- and Post-cementation of Stainless Steel Crown in Children Using T-Scan. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):46–50.

Survival of stainless-steel crowns and composite resin restorations in molars affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH).

Currently, there is no consensus on the superiority of any material for the restorative treatment of molars affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). To evaluate the survival of restorations with stainless-steel crown (SSC) or composite resin (CR) in first permanent molars affected by MIH for 24months. In this retrospective cohort study, 61 CR and 54 SSC restorations placed on molars affected by MIH of patients, aged between 7 and 10, that were treated and overseen at a university dental clinic in the period of 2017-2020 were evaluated. The primary outcome was the failure-free survival time. Parametric survival models were used for data censored by interval, and the comparison between SSC and CR was performed using the hazard ratio function with a 95% confidence interval. The survival of SSC and CR restorations after 24months was 94.4% and 49.2%, respectively. This difference was influenced by the presence of previous restoration (aHR=3.4; 95% CI: 1.2-9.4) and cusp involvement (aHR=4.0; 95% CI: 1.5-11.2). In molars with MIH and the need for restorative treatment, SSC had a significantly higher survival rate than CR over 24months.

Child-friendly restorations of primary molars using the Hall technique

Minimally invasive dentistry is being used increasingly often, especially in paediatric dentistry. It involves replacing traditional 'drilling and filling' with treatment modalities that are tissue-saving and minimally burdensome to the patient. One of these techniques for treating carious dentine lesions is the Hall technique. A stainless-steel crown is cemented onto the primary molar without the use of anaesthesia or any form of preparation. The molar is 'sealed' under the crown and this stops the carious process in the cavity. Usually, the procedure requires 2 sessions. The Hall technique is well tolerated by children and provides the primary molar with a durable restoration. Together with this technique, the patient is also guided in an individual prevention process. The survival rates of Hall crowns are very high.

Management of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in Childhood: Two Case Reports

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is defined as an interruption of enamel formation due to genetic inheritance. To prevent malfunction of the masticatory system and an unaesthetic appearance, various treatment options are described. While restoration with a compomer in the anterior region and stainless steel crowns in the posterior region is recommended for deciduous dentition, the challenges when treating such structural defects in mixed or permanent dentition are changing teeth and growing jaw, allowing only temporary restoration. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate oral rehabilitation from mixed to permanent dentition. The dentition of a 7-year-old patient with AI type I and a 12-year-old patient with AI type II was restored under general anesthesia to improve their poor aesthetics and increase vertical dimension, which are related to problems with self-confidence and reduced oral health quality of life. These two cases show the complexity of dental care for structural anomalies of genetic origin and the challenges in rehabilitating the different phases of dentition.

Fatigue and 3-D wear resistance of Fiberglass versus Stainless steel crowns for restoration of primary teeth.

Abstract: Objectives: To compare and evaluate fatigue, fracture resistance, 3-D wear of a new pediatric fiberglass crowns. “Figaro” versus the conventional stainless steel crowns. Study Design: A total of 24 primary posterior crowns were used in this study: 12 Figaro crowns and 12 stainless steel crowns were cemented using glass ionomer cement on standardized prepared acrylic resin dies. All crowns were subjected to fatigue by cyclic loading using ACTA type chewing simulator (250,000 cycles with 200 N load under water). 3-D images were obtained before and after fatigue using a digital scanner, and the images were superimposed using Exocad software to detect any surface wear in each specimen after the cyclic load. Finally, all specimens were axially loaded till fracture using a universal testing machine (α=0.05). Results: Figaro crowns showed a significantly higher amount of wear and deformity compared to stainless steel crowns which demonstrated negligible amount of wear and preserved its anatomy (t=18.7, P<0.01). The Figaro crowns showed a significantly lower fracture resistant values compared to stainless steel crowns (t=14.57, P<0.001). Recommendation: clinical studies are needed to evaluate the durability and survival rates of these new fiberglass crowns in children.