Stainless Mesh Research Articles

Photocatalytic Destruction of 1,4-Dioxane in Aqueous System by Surface-Roughened TiO<sub>2</sub> Coating on Stainless Mesh

This study investigated the effect of surface roughness on a coating of TiO2 submicron powders that had been applied on a stainless steel mesh using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Roughness was provided to the surface of EPD coating using UV pre-illumination to the suspension prepared by isopropyl alcohol and commercial TiO2 powder. The Ra value was increased around 20% by this treatment. The rough coating provided a higher photocatalytic decomposition rate of 1,4-dioxane in water than a smooth coating obtained from the suspension without UV pre-illumination. That increase is attributable to the increase of the reaction field on the coating surface.

Shear bond strengths of molar tubes bonded with different adhesives

Abstract Aims This study determined which molar base retentive designs produced the greatest shear bond strength (SBS) to human molars when using different adhesives. Methods One hundred and fifty extracted human molars were divided into 15 groups of 10. The tested molar tube bases included two stainless steel experimental base designs, a titanium single mesh 80 gauge base, a stainless steel double mesh 150 gauge under 80 gauge base and a stainless steel single mesh 80 gauge base. Each base was bonded with Transbond XT, Pad Lock and Light Bond. One primer, Assure, was used for all specimens. Bonded specimens were stored in water for 7 days and SBS was measured on an Instron testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. Two-way ANOVA were performed with post-hoc comparisons of the means to determine any statistical differences in SBS. The significance level was set at 5 per cent. Results The brackets, adhesives and combinations of brackets and adhesives used had a significant effect on SBS (Bracket: p < 0.001; Adhesive: p = 0.020; Interaction: p = 0.005). Mean SBS differed significantly for the adhesives: Light Bond, Pad Lock and Transbond (p < 0.001, p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In general, the stainless steel single mesh 80 gauge base and Light Bond adhesive produced the greatest SBS. Conclusion The clinician’s choice of bracket and adhesive affect the SBS of bonded molar attachments.

Transparent conductive oxide layer-less dye-sensitized solar cells consisting of floating electrode with gradient TiOx blocking layer

A transparent conductive oxide less dye-sensitized solar cell (TCO-less DSC) consisting of a glass/a floating electrode (FE)/a stained nanoporous titania layer/a gel electrolyte sheet/a Pt layer/a Ti sheet is reported. The FE is composed of a stainless mesh sheet covered with a gradient TiOx layer, which suppressed back-electron transfers from the stainless to electrolytes. The efficiency increased from 2.87% to 4.68% by replacing a conventional dense TiO2 blocking layer with the gradient TiOx layer. The cell in this architecture gave the efficiency of 5.56% after optimization.

High-Rate Oblique Deposition of SiO2 Films Using Two Sputtering Sources

In this paper, we proposed a new high-rate oblique deposition method using two sputtering sources to obtain SiO2 films for a liquid crystal alignment layer. One sputtering source that operates in a metal mode supplies Si atoms to a substrate, and the other source that operates in an oxide mode supplies oxygen radicals to a substrate. To reduce the gas pressure of a deposition chamber and make the two sputtering sources operate in different modes, the sputtering sources were separated from the deposition chamber with stainless meshes, and Ar and oxygen gases were introduced separately through the two sputtering sources, i. e., Ar gas was introduced through the Si supply source and oxygen gas was introduced through the oxygen radical source. When Ar gas of 30sccm and oxygen gas of 4sccm were introduced into the system, the gas pressure of the deposition chamber was maintained below 1.7m Torr and the films deposited at an incidence angle of more than 70° showed an elongated inclined columnar structure. Under this condition, a deposition rate of 30nm/min was realized even at an incidence angle above 70°, where most of the Si atoms incident to the substrate were supplied by the Si supply source and the oxygen radical source supplied oxygen radicals and promoted the oxidation of the film.

Characteristics of bio-diatomite dynamic membrane process for municipal wastewater treatment

The characteristics of bio-diatomite dynamic membrane (BDDM) process in municipal wastewater treatment were investigated with a laboratory-scale continuous-flow device. Experimental results indicate that the BDDM reactor was highly effective in removal of COD, NH 4-N and TN, and exhibited the advantages of good retention capacity for suspended solids (SS), short precoating time, high filtration flux, and easy backwash. In the precoating stage, a retention time of 25 min could reduce the effluent SS to non-detectable level. The filtration resistance of BDDM was composed of thickness-increase resistance and compaction resistance. At a low flux, microbial adhesion occurred on the interface between the BDDM and the stainless steel support mesh, which negatively impacted the system operation and backwash. However, microbial adhesion could be effectively minimized by increasing the filtration flux.

Metal mesh vitrification (MMV) method for cryopreservation of porcine embryos

The objective was to develop a simpler, more reliable vitrification method for porcine embryos. Prepubertal donor gilts were induced to ovulate with eCG and hCG, and then inseminated artificially. Morulae and expanding blastocysts approximately 200 μm in diameter were collected 6 or 7 d after hCG treatment. Embryos collected from donor gilts were maintained, so as to be individually recognizable, and handled in batches of four or five. The embryos together with a minimum volume (<2 μL) of vitrification solution were placed onto stainless steel metal meshes or plastic plates, and then plunged into liquid nitrogen—metal mesh vitrification (MMV) and plastic plate vitrification (PPV), respectively. The meshes or plates were stored in 1.8-mL cryotubes submerged in liquid nitrogen. Stored embryos were subsequently removed, cultured in medium for 24 h, and then assessed for viability. The survival rate (84.4%) of expanding blastocysts cooled by MMV was higher than that (53.1%) of embryos cooled by PPV ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in total cell number between MMV and PPV. The survival rate of morulae cooled by MMV was 55.0%. Transfer of 200 expanding blastocysts cooled by MMV to 10 synchronized recipient gilts resulted in 37 live piglets from 7 recipients. In conclusion, the MMV method was an effective vitrification procedure for cryopreservation of expanding porcine blastocysts. However, there was a batch effect on embryo survival after vitrification.

Energy conversion efficiency improvement of a thermoacoustic cooling system - The influence of a lamination mesh on cooling effect-

It was generally considered that energy conversion efficiency of a thermoacoustic cooling system was improved by increasing proportion of a thermal boundary layer in the stack. Thinning down a channel radius of the stack is required to increase the thermal boundary layer per unit area. A ceramic stack is difficult to satisfy this requirement. To satisfy this requirement, we propose to use a lamination mesh which is formed by piled up a stainless mesh. Since the lamination mesh has complex channel, the effect of changing the mesh number on the cooling effect is obscure. The experiments were carried out by changing the mesh number and the insertion position of the stack using the straight acoustic tube to measure the cooling effect. From the experimental results, changing mesh number causes the distribution shift of the phase difference between pressure and particle velocity. The insertion position of the stack for which the maximum temperature decrease come close to center of the acoustic tube. This is corresponded to a result using the ceramic stack. It suggests that a same design method, which is used in case of applying the ceramic stack, can be adapted to the lamination mesh.

Voltage swing interval effects on photocatalytic decomposition of 1,4-dioxane in aqueous media using TiO2-coated stainless mesh

This study investigates the effects of a voltage swing interval on 1,4-dioxane decomposition in aqueous media. The concentration of 1,4-dioxane decreases with the decreasing voltage swing interval, but the change is small. In contrast, the concentration of EGDF increases with the decreasing interval. Its difference is much greater than that of 1,4-dioxane. These results suggest that the diffusion constant of EGDF in a pore structure differs from that of 1,4-dioxane and that the response to the voltage swing interval depends on the chemical species. For effective water purification using this system, proper material design and optimization of operation conditions are necessary.

Use of ultrasonic consolidation for fabrication of multi‐material structures

PurposeUltrasonic consolidation (UC) is a novel additive manufacturing process developed for fabrication of metallic parts from foils. While the process has been well demonstrated for part fabrication in Al alloy 3003, some of the potential strengths of the process have not been fully explored. One of them is its suitability for fabrication of parts in multi‐materials. This work aims to examine this aspect.Design/methodology/approachMulti‐material UC experiments were conducted using Al alloy 3003 foils as the bulk part material together with a number of engineering materials (foils of Al‐Cu alloy 2024, Ni‐base alloy Inconel 600® AISI 347 stainless steel, and others). Deposit microstructures were studied to evaluate bonding between various materials.FindingsIt was found that most of the materials investigated can be successfully bonded to alloy Al 3003 and vice versa. SiC fibers and stainless wire meshes were successfully embedded in an Al 3003 matrix. The results suggest that the UC process is quite suitable for fabrication of multi‐material structures, including fiber‐reinforced metal matrix composites.Originality/valueThis work systematically examines the multi‐material capability of the UC process. The findings of this work lay a strong foundation for a wider and more efficient commercial utilization of the process.

Deformation behavior of skeletal composites under mechanical loading

The deformation behavior of ceramic-metal composites with a bulk-linked metal skeleton made of highly porous cellular nickel and a stainless wire mesh is examined. It is established that samples of skeletal ceramics remain intact after all types of destructive tests and show high plasticity and strain and fracture energies. A technique is developed for producing ceramics with a bulk-linked metal skeleton by filling a highly porous framework with a ceramic powder and subsequent pressing and sintering of the composite. The technique is tested for two types of skeletal ceramics: structural ceramics such as pyroceramics-highly porous cellular nickel and bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite-highly porous stainless wire skeleton. The hydroxyapatite-based composite has lower bending strength and shock bending energy but higher plasticity and nondestructability than the pyroceramics-based composite.

Effect of applying voltage on photocatalytic destruction of 1,4-dioxane in aqueous system

In the current work, we prepared a TiO 2 coating on stainless mesh using electrophoretic deposition (EPD), and applied voltage to a stainless mesh to examine the synergy effect on photocatalysis of both 1,4-dioxane and ethylene glycol diformate (EGDF), a main intermediate of the photocatalysis of 1,4-dioxane. The photocatalytic decomposition rate of 1,4-dioxane depends on applying voltage under diffusion-limited reaction conditions. Ethylene glycol diformate and 1,4-dioxane exhibited inverse voltage dependence. Voltage swing provides high-efficiency photocatalysis of 1,4-dioxane while suppressing EGDF formation. This method will be effective for a photocatalysis system containing several chemicals, each with different voltage dependence.

Electrodeposition of Iron in Aqueous Ferrous Sulfate Solution:Role of Ammonium Ion

The role of the ammonium ion during iron deposition in a ferrous sulfate bath was investigated. When cathodic polarizations were performed in a solution of 0.02 M FeSO4 at pH 3, quartz crystal microbalance measurements showed that the presence of ammonium sulfate led to increased mass growth of Fe metal on the cathode surface. The surface pH was measured by placing a flat- bottom electrode behind a stainless steel cathode mesh. Potentiodynamic sweeps generated pH versus potential curves which revealed that in the presence of ammonium sulfate surface pH rose to alkaline levels. These two sets of findings (i.e., mass growth rate of Fe metal and surface pH results) suggest that the ammonium ion enables formation of ferrous ammine species (e.g., Fe(NH3)22+ and Fe (NH3)42+). This inhibits Fe(OH)2 precipitation on the electrode, a process that can lead to surface passivation, and therefore, limited Fe metal deposition.

Preparation of a crack-free rough titania coating on stainless steel mesh by electrophoretic deposition

TiO 2 (anatase) coating was prepared on stainless mesh by electrophoretic (EPD) process utilizing an isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based suspension with submicron TiO 2 powder. When the deposition time was 30 s, a smooth thin coating was obtained. It remained crack-free even after sintering. Coating surface morphology was roughened by UV pre-illumination of the suspension. Photocatalytic decomposition of IPA to acetone and resultant electrochemical reaction at cathode during EPD provides heterogeneous deposition.

Characterization of Saturated Flow within Mesh-Type Wicks Based on the Capillary Suction Potential Corrected Using the Tortuosity

A relation of the friction factor cf to the Reynolds number Re, cfRe = 24, in mesh-type wicks has been deduced on the basis of a capillary bundle model, using the modified j-function of single-layer polyethylene mesh wicks measured by an electric resistance method. Correlation of the capillary drain height and the capillary drain number has yielded the tortuosity as a function only of the porosity. The cf and Re values calculated using the estimated tortuosity have proved the relation cfRe = 24 to be applicable to plain-woven stainless meshes as well as plain-woven and knitted-type polyethylene meshes, irrespective of the mesh number and the number of mesh layers constituting the wick.The results for the multi-layer mesh wicks have also reasonably supported that the modified j-function would be available even for the mesh wicks where the porosity increases by 12% or decreases by 14% compared to those of the single-layer mesh wicks.

CFD analysis of air distribution in fluidised bed equipment

The unique features of the fluidised bed—excellent mixing capacity and high heat and mass transfer rates—are highly dependent on the quality of fluidisation resulting from the bubble characteristics of the fluidising gas, which to a large extent depend on the distributor design. In order to understand the fluidisation hydrodynamics of a fluidised bed operation, it is essential to assess how airflow is distributed through the equipment. This paper reports on the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a numerical tool to enlarge this understanding. CFD simulations were performed for a Glatt GPCG-1 fluidised bed coater in which stainless steel woven wire mesh distributors are used as the standard distributor plates. Firstly, an experiment was set up in which the permeability and the inertial resistance of the investigated distributors were determined. Using these inputs, two types of boundary conditions, available in the CFD software Fluent, to model a porous medium such as a distributor, were compared. Furthermore, the CFD simulations were verified in the lab-scale fluidised bed unit using air mass flow rate, pressure drop and inner wall temperature recordings. As an unequal airflow inside the plenum of the GPCG-1 was found to occur, CFD was used as a design tool to investigate reactor configuration changes in order to obtain a more homogeneous airflow towards the distributor.

간접 광대전에 의한 서브 마이크론 입자의 단극하전 특성

A new unipolar aerosol charger was developed by using an indirect photoelectric charging. The charger consists of two coaxial tubes, the inner UV lamp wrapped with stainless mesh and the outer Al cylinder. In this study, the effects of flow rate, particle size, and electric field were examined to search the optimal charging conditions with experimental and numerical methods. Monodisperse NaCl particles were fed into an annular space and the particles were charged by negative ions generated from Al plate exposed to the UV light. According to experimental results, the average number of elementary charge on particles increases from 2.5 to 5.5 as particle size increases from 50nm to 130nm at 2.5 L/min and 100V. The average number of elementary charge on particles was maximized at 25V as the electric potential between the stainless mesh and Al plate was varied from OV to 400V.br/

Performance of a new Micromegas detector, with woven wire mesh, in CF 4

Several techniques have been investigated to achieve good amplification in gas Time Projection Chambers. The classical Micromegas detection scheme with nickel grid is compared with a new one, with a stainless steel woven wire mesh, in CF 4 at different operating pressures. The performances and the mechanical properties of the woven wire mesh make this solution attractive for low and high energy particle physics experiments and other applications like low dose radiography. A more detailed study appears in Jeanneret (Ph.D. Thesis, Neuchâtel University, 2001).

Effects of heat exchange condition on hot air production by a chemical heat pump dryer using CaO/H 2O/Ca(OH) 2 reaction

Results of an exploratory experimental study of a chemical heat pump (CHP) assisted convective dryer are presented. The CaO/H 2O/Ca(OH) 2 gas–solid reversible hydration/dehydration reaction is used to store and recover heat from the dryer exhaust air to enhance the thermal efficiency of the dryer. The CHP unit can be operated to increase the temperature level and also to dehumidify the air, which is a particularly attractive feature for drying. Results are presented for a single cylindrical reactor to study the effects of the heat exchange conditions on hot air production. The results show that the hot air production is improved by enlarging the heat exchanger, increasing the heat transfer rates by use of stainless mesh and increasing the air flow rate.

Resistance Welding of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyetherimide Composit

CF/PEI laminates were joined using a resistance welding (fusion bonding) technique. The heating element has a sandwich structure consisting of two GF/PEI prepregs covering both sides of a stainless metal mesh. The mechanical properties of a flat welded panel were characterized by three-point bending, Mode II ENF interlaminar fracture, instrumented Charpy impact, and falling weight impact tests. Failure occurred mainly inside the adherent laminates adjacent to the heating element in the areas with deconsolidation that occurred during joining. The defect size and intensity could be minimized by increasing the hold pressure. The delamination area decreased with increasing hold pressure at the same impact energy level.

Configuration of PET Fiber Arrangement in Roller Drafting Air-Laid Webs

Roller drafting air-laid web formation is a new method that can be used to produce metal fiber webs, conventional textile fiber webs, and blended fiber webs. The configuration of inner-fiber arrangements in the web is researched in this study. A roller drafting air-laid web is processed by opening sliver into individual fibers with conventional 3/3 drafting rollers. The fibers are then collected lay by lay to form a web on a stainless mesh conveyer belt with suction air. The process uses drafting roller opening as a way to replace the opening saw rollers of a conventional dry web machine. Therefore, researching the configuration of fiber arrangement in the web and its effect on the strength and elongation of the nonwoven fabric are necessary. In this study, we prepare a series of pet webs with basis weights of 40, 80, and 100 g/m2, respectively. After the webs are needle punched, we examine the strength and elongation of the nonwoven fabrics in the machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD), respectively. We compare the results with other conventional dry forming webs. Our results show that the strength of the nonwoven fabrics is similar in both MD and CD, and their elongation has the same trend. The strength ratio of the nonwovens in the MD/CD ranges from 1:1.2 to 1:1.4 and the elongation ratio from 1.2:1 to 1.3:1. Contrary to other dry forming webs, the strength of nonwoven fabrics in the MD is lower than that in the CD. The mechanical properties of this new web formation process are quite similar to existing air-laid webs, since the strength of nonwoven fabrics in the MD is nearly equal to that of the CD. This new web formation possesses the advantages of fiber disorder arrangement and even mechanical properties in both MD and CD.