Staging Criteria Research Articles

Clinical application of FIGO 2023 staging system of endometrial cancer in a Chinese cohort

ObjectiveThe International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2023 staging system for endometrial cancer (EC) was released with incorporating histology, lympho-vascular space invasion, and molecular classification together. Our objective is to further explore the clinical utility and prognostic significance of the 2023 FIGO staging system in China.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who received standard surgeries and underwent genetic testing using multigene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels between December 2018 and December 2023 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. The genomic and clinical data of all patients were analyzed, and stages were determined by both the 2009 and 2023 FIGO staging systems. Kaplan–Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analysis.ResultsA total of 547 patients were enrolled in the study. After the restaged by the FIGO 2023 staging system, stage shifts occurred in 147/547 (26.9%) patients. In patients with early stages in FIGO 2009 (stage I-II), 63 cases were rearranged to IAmPOLEmut and 53 cases to IICmp53abn due to the molecular classification of POLEmut and p53abn. Altogether 345 cases were in stage I, 107 cases in stage II, 69 cases in stage III, and 26 cases in stage IV according to the FIGO 2023 staging criteria. For stage I diseases, the 3-year PFS rate was 92.7% and 95.3% in 2009 and 2023 FIGO staging systems, respectively. The 3-year PFS of stage II in 2023 FIGO was lower than that of FIGO 2009 (3-year PFS: 85.0% versus 90.9%), especially in substage IIC and IICmp53abn. Three cases (12%) of stage IIIA in FIGO 2009 were shifted to stage IA3 FIGO 2023, with 3-year PFS rates of 90.9% versus 100%, respectively. In NGS analysis, the most prevalent gene alterations were observed in PTEN and PIK3CA.ConclusionThe FIGO 2023 staging system was proved to be a good predictor of survival for EC patients with enhanced precision compared to FIGO 2009. Predominant stage shifts were observed in early-stage diseases. Distinct gene alterations of different subtypes may help to explore more accurate target therapies.

A clinical perspective on the revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease.

A clinical perspective on the revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease.

Tumor-Localized Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-12 Combine with Radiation Therapy to Safely Potentiate Regression of Advanced Malignant Melanoma in Pet Dogs.

Cytokines IL2 and IL12 exhibit potent anticancer activity but suffer a narrow therapeutic window due to off-tumor immune cell activation. Engineering cytokines with the ability to bind and associate with tumor collagen after intratumoral injection potentiated response without toxicity in mice and was previously safe in pet dogs with sarcoma. Here, we sought to test the efficacy of this approach in dogs with advanced melanoma. This study examined 15 client-owned dogs with histologically or cytologically confirmed malignant melanoma that received a single 9-Gy fraction of radiotherapy, followed by six cycles of combined collagen-anchored IL2 and IL12 therapy every 2 weeks. Cytokine dosing followed a 3 + 3 dose escalation design, with the initial cytokine dose chosen from prior evaluation in canine sarcomas. No exclusion criteria for tumor stage or metastatic burden, age, weight, or neuter status were applied for this trial. Median survival regardless of the tumor stage or dose level was 256 days, and 10/13 (76.9%) dogs that completed treatment had CT-measured tumor regression at the treated lesion. In dogs with metastatic disease, 8/13 (61.5%) had partial responses across their combined lesions, which is evidence of locoregional response. Profiling by NanoString of treatment-resistant dogs revealed that B2m loss was predictive of poor response to this therapy. Collectively, these results confirm the ability of locally administered tumor-anchored cytokines to potentiate responses at regional disease sites when combined with radiation. This evidence supports the clinical translation of this approach and highlights the utility of comparative investigation in canine cancers.

A Comprehensive Review of Advancements in Diagnostic Imaging: Unveiling Oral Cavity Malignancies Using Computed Tomography.

Early detection of oral cavity malignancies is essential for improving treatment outcomes and patient survival rates. Diagnostic imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT), plays a pivotal role in the early identification and detailed assessment of these malignancies. This comprehensive review explores the advancements in CT imaging and its application in diagnosing oral cavity cancers. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity, the clinical characteristics of common malignancies, and the principles and protocols of CT imaging. The review highlights the diagnostic features of oral malignancies on CT, including distinguishing benign from malignant lesions and staging criteria. Emerging technologies, such as higher-resolution imaging, integration with other modalities, and the potential of artificial intelligence, are examined for their role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. The clinical implications, challenges, and future directions in the use of CT imaging for oral cavity malignancies are also discussed. This review underscores the importance of continued research and technological advancements in optimizing the use of CT for early detection and effective management of oral cavity cancers.

Traversing the Terrain: Potential Pitfalls within the AJCC 8th Edition Staging System for Lip and Oral Cavity Cancers.

In 1977, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) introduced the inaugural Cancer Staging Manual, which implemented the T (tumor extent), N (regional lymph node status), and M (presence or absence of distant metastasis) staging system. This systematic approach aimed to convey the extent of disease across various cancer types, providing clinicians with a practical framework to plan treatment strategies, predict prognosis, and assess outcomes. The AJCC 8th edition, effective from January 1, 2018, continues this tradition. However, certain shortcomings persist in the AJCC 8th edition, as identified through clinical experience. Specifically, challenges arise in accurately assessing depth of invasion in unique histological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma (e.g., Oral verrucous carcinoma, Carcinoma cuniculatum, and Papillary squamous cell carcinoma) and minor salivary gland tumors. Additionally, discrepancies exist in the perception of bone invasion patterns and in reporting practices. There is also a need for staging guidelines for malignant odontogenic tumors and multifocal tumors of the oral cavity, supplemented by diagrammatic representations. Lastly, there is a call for comprehensive staging criteria for carcinomas of the ear, external auditory canal, and temporal bone. We advocate for the inclusion of these considerations in future editions of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual.

Histopathologic Evaluation of Atypical Fibroxanthoma or Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma Debulk Specimen from Mohs Surgery: A Requirement for Their Proper Distinction.

Pleomorphic dermal sarcomas can be clinically aggressive, with a higher tendency to cause local recurrence, metastasis, and death. Atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma are histopathologically similar, and their distinction requires a systematic examination of the entire excised tumor. Since Mohs micrographic surgery is commonly utilized to treat atypical fibroxanthoma, a histopathologic evaluation of debulk specimens by permanent pathology is prudent to avoid underdiagnosing pleomorphic dermal sarcoma. This approach can improve risk assessment and treatment decisions, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. Also, the proper distinction will facilitate the future development of accurate staging criteria and additional treatment modalities.

Clonal competition assays identify fitness signatures in cancer progression and resistance in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease and the management of relapses is one of the biggest clinical challenges. TP53 alterations are established high-risk markers and are included in the current disease staging criteria. KRAS is the most frequently mutated gene affecting around 20% of MM patients. Applying Clonal Competition Assays (CCA)byco-culturing color-labeled genetically modified cell models, we recently showed that mono- and biallelic alterations in TP53 transmit a fitness advantage to the cells. Here, we report a similar dynamic for two mutations in KRAS (G12A and A146T), providing a biological rationale for the high frequency of KRAS and TP53 alterations at MM relapse. Resistance mutations, on the other hand, did not endow MM cells with a general fitness advantage but rather presented a disadvantage compared to the wild-type. CUL4B KO and IKZF1 A152T transmit resistance against immunomodulatory agents, PSMB5 A20T to proteasome inhibition. However, MM cells harboring such lesions only outcompete the culture in the presence of the respective drug. To better prevent the selection of clones with the potential of inducing relapse, these results argue in favor of treatment-free breaks or a switch of the drug class given as maintenance therapy. In summary, the fitness benefit of TP53 and KRAS mutations was not treatment-related, unlike patient-derived drug resistance alterations that may only induce an advantage under treatment. CCAs are suitable models for the study of clonal evolution and competitive (dis)advantages conveyed by a specific genetic lesion of interest, and their dependence on external factors such as the treatment.

Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease: Alzheimer's Association Workgroup.

The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association convened three separate work groups in 2011 and single work groups in 2012 and 2018 to create recommendations for the diagnosis and characterization of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present document updates the 2018 research framework in response to several recent developments. Defining diseases biologically, rather than based on syndromic presentation, has long been standard in many areas of medicine (e.g., oncology), and is becoming a unifying concept common to all neurodegenerative diseases, not just AD. The present document is consistent with this principle. Our intent is to present objective criteria for diagnosis and staging AD, incorporating recent advances in biomarkers, to serve as a bridge between research and clinical care. These criteria are not intended to provide step-by-step clinical practice guidelines for clinical workflow or specific treatment protocols, but rather serve as general principles to inform diagnosis and staging of AD that reflect current science. HIGHLIGHTS: We define Alzheimer's disease (AD) to be a biological process that begins with the appearance of AD neuropathologic change (ADNPC) while people are asymptomatic. Progression of the neuropathologic burden leads to the later appearance and progression of clinical symptoms. Early-changing Core 1 biomarkers (amyloid positron emission tomography [PET], approved cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and accurate plasma biomarkers [especially phosphorylated tau 217]) map onto either the amyloid beta or AD tauopathy pathway; however, these reflect the presence of ADNPC more generally (i.e., both neuritic plaques and tangles). An abnormal Core 1 biomarker result is sufficient to establish a diagnosis of AD and to inform clinical decision making throughout the disease continuum. Later-changing Core 2 biomarkers (biofluid and tau PET) can provide prognostic information, and when abnormal, will increase confidence that AD is contributing to symptoms. An integrated biological and clinical staging scheme is described that accommodates the fact that common copathologies, cognitive reserve, and resistance may modify relationships between clinical and biological AD stages.

A retrospective study of the MDS criteria for prodromal Parkinson’s disease in the general population

The Movement Disorder Society developed research criteria for the detection of the prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Accurate identification of this phase is essential for early interventions. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic value of these research criteria in the general population. Lifelines is an ongoing cohort study of 167,000 participants from the general population of the Northern Netherlands. 160 participants self-reported to have developed PD during three rounds of follow-up of five years each. Data were available to infer six out of eleven risk markers, and six out of twelve prodromal markers. We retrospectively compared the criteria in the prodromal stage of a group of 160 ‘converters’ with 320 age- and sex-matched controls. The overall incidence rate of PD was 0.20 per 1.000 person-years (95% CI: 0.049−0.36), increasing with age and rates were higher in men. The median probability for prodromal PD in PD-converters was 1.29% (interquartile range: 0.46−2.9), compared to 0.83% (0.39−1.8) for controls (P = 0.014). The MDS set of criteria for prodromal PD had an ROC-AUC of 0.577, and was therefore not sufficient to adequately predict conversion to PD. We were unable to predict conversion to PD in the general population using a selection of the prodromal PD research criteria. Ancillary investigations are required to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the criteria, but most are precluded from large-scale use. Strategies, including olfactory tests or alpha-synuclein seeding amplification assays may improve the detection of prodromal PD in the general population.

Clinical Versus Histologic Margins for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Comparing Outcomes for High-Risk Tumors Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Traditionally, preoperative clinical tumor size ≥2 cm, based on Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) staging criteria, is high risk. To compare outcomes of cSCC treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) with a preoperative size ≥2 cm (clinically ≥2 cm) versus cSCC with preoperative size <2 cm and postoperative defect size ≥2 cm (histologically ≥2 cm). Prospective data were collected from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, on MMS cases for cSCC with a preoperative and/or postoperative size ≥2 cm. Clinical outcomes were followed until March 15, 2023. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression. Three hundred thirty cases of MMS for cSCC were included. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma clinically ≥2 cm occurred more frequently in elderly patients; cSCC histologically ≥2 cm were more commonly located in the H region, required wider surgical margins, and more MMS stages to achieve clearance. There were no significant differences in rates of recurrence and metastasis between the groups. These data suggest that postoperative (histologic) MMS defect size may allow for better risk stratification of high-risk cSCC and improved staging of cSCC.

Aortic Stenosis and the Evolution of Cardiac Damage after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background/Objectives: Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is the most frequent valvular heart disease. Models for stratifying cardiac damage associated with aortic stenosis have been developed to predict outcomes following valve replacement. However, evidence regarding morphological and functional evolution, as well as potential changes in the degree of cardiac damage, is limited. We aim to provide information on the evolution of cardiac morphology and the function of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) who have been classified using a cardiac damage staging system. Methods: In total, 496 patients were included in the analysis, and were classified into four stages based on the extent of cardiac damage as follows: Stage 0, no cardiac damage: left ventricle global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) < -17%; right ventricular-arterial coupling (RVAc) ≥ 0.35), and absence of significant mitral regurgitation (MR). Stage 1, left-sided subclinical damage: LV-GLS ≥ -17%. Stage 2, left-sided damage: significant MR. Stage 3, right-sided damage: RVAc < 0.35. Results: The mean age was 82.1 ± 5.9 years, and 53.0% were female. In total, 24.5% of patients met the criteria for Stage 0, and Stage 1 included 42.8% of patients, Stage 2 included 16.5%, and Stage 3 comprised 16.2% of patients. Mortality was 8.4% for stage 0, 17.4% for stage 1, 25.6% for stage 2, and 28.6% for stage 3 patients (p = 0.004). Diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.047) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p = 0.024) were the only clinical predictors of no change or worsening in the stage of cardiac damage. Regarding echocardiographic variables, concomitant tricuspid, and mitral regurgitation, ≥ 2 were both significantly associated with no change or worsening, also (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Cardiac damage that is secondary to severe aortic stenosis has morphological and functional repercussions that, even after valve replacement, persist and might worsen the prognosis.

Bariatric surgery and the diseased kidney: a 5-year assessment of safety and postoperative renal outcomes.

Obesity and its related medical conditions are well-established contributors to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), including procedures such as sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is a potential intervention for these individuals. However, the heightened risk of postoperative complications casts doubts on the suitability of MBS in this population. Our aim is to evaluate the long-term safety, anthropometric and renal outcomes of MBS in patients with CKD. A retrospective review of patients who underwent primary laparoscopic MBS with a BMI ≥ 35kg/m2 and a preoperative diagnosis of stage 2 to 5 CKD. Criteria for CKD diagnosis and staging were based on estimated glomerular filtration rate measurements in accordance with established guidelines. Anthropometric and renal outcomes were measured at 3-, 6-, 12-, 24- and 60-months postoperatively. A total of 302 patients (177 SG, 125 RYGB) were included. RYGB was preferred for patients with stage 3 CKD, while SG was more common in stages 4 and 5. At 5-year follow-up, percentage of total weight loss was higher in the RYGB cohort compared to SG (25.1% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.036). Despite SG patients having more advanced CKD, the incidence of late complications was significantly higher following RYGB, with 11 incidents (8.8%), compared to the SG cohort with only 4 cases (2.3%) (p = 0.014). In those with preoperative CKD stage 3, 76 patients (43.2%) improved to stage 2, with another 9 patients (5.1%) improving further to stage 1. Of all patients, 63 (20.8%) eventually received a successful renal transplant. MBS is an effective strategy for sustained weight loss in patients with CKD with acceptable complications rates. RYGB leads to a higher percentage of overall weight loss, albeit with an elevated likelihood of late surgical complications. Future studies are needed to determine the safety of MBS in this demographic.

Updated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma TNMB staging criteria fail to identify patients with Sézary syndrome with low blood burden

Comparison of the 2007 EORTC/ISCL and the 2022 EORTC/ISCL/USCLC blood staging guidelines for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma at a single institution reveals the newer guidelines fail to detect a subset of Sézary syndrome patients with low blood burden.

Incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury after transcatheter aorticvalve replacement.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common early complication secondary to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Studies on the incidence and risk factors for AKI after TAVR surgery are limited to date. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the incidence and risk factors for AKI after TAVR surgery in our hospital. Patients who underwent TAVR surgery at our hospital from November 2017 to February 2023 were selected. AKI was defined using the 2012 KDIGO definition and staging criteria. The relevant data and information between the AKI group and the non-AKI group were compared and analyzed, and a binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for AKI. A total of 75 patients who underwent TAVR surgery were included in the retrospective analysis. After TAVR, the incidence of AKI was 17.3% (13/75), of which 8 (61.5%) had stage 1 AKI, 2 (15.4%) had stage 2 AKI, 3 (23.1%) had stage 3 AKI, and 3 needed renal replacement therapy. After multivariate logistic analysis, contrast volume (OR = 1.024 (1.001, 1.047)) was found to be an independent risk factor for AKI, while patients with high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR = 0.903 (0.826, 0.986)) have a reduced risk of AKI. A retrospective study revealed a 17.3% incidence of AKI after TAVR surgery in our hospital, most of which were stage 1 AKI. A low preoperative eGFR and contrast volume were found to be independent risk factors for AKI.

#1900 Should we prescind of KDIGO Stage 2 in AKI severity classification?

Abstract Background and Aims The most worldwide used classification system for staging AKI is KDIGO-2012, it was based on a combination of the RIFLE and AKIN criteria. KDIGO severity stages are defined: Stage 1 ↑ in SCr by &amp;gt;0.3 mg/dl or increase in SCr to &amp;gt;1.5x baseline. Stage 2 ↑ in SCr ≥2.0–2.9x baseline. Stage 3 ↑ in SCr ≥3.0x baseline, ↑ in SCr to &amp;gt;4.0 mg/dl, or initiation of RRT. Some authors advocate for the elimination of the Stage 2 level and its incorporation in the severer stage; the justification is that this stage has a smaller number of individuals, and they show poorer clinical outcomes. We tested this hypothesis in a real-world setting. Method We retrospectively included all patients admitted to nephrology ward and nephrology consultations with AKI diagnosis by KDIGO-2012 classification, during a 3-y period. We compared clinical outcomes between KDIGO-AKI Stage 2 and 3. We excluded need for HD (because it is a criterion for Stage 3) and HD dependence at discharge (a consequence of initiating HD). In addition, we calculated the proportion of patients classified in Stage 2 by the rate of SCr increment, that were re-classified into Stage 3 by KDIGO criteria. Results 1130 individuals met inclusion criteria. 458 (41%) Stage-1, 148 (13%) Stage-2, 524 (46%) in Stage-3. We found no statistically significant differences in age, Charlson's Index, HTN and DM prevalence, hospitalization in medical wards, and hospital acquired AKI between groups. We found significant differences in sex distribution (61% Stage-2, 70% Stage-3) (see Table A: Features). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in Stage1-15d (±12) but not significantly different between Stage-2 19d (±16) and Stage-3 20d (±17). Median of time to nephrology consultation was 6-7d in all groups. Rate of in-hospital mortality incremented gradually in every severity stage: 9% Stage-1, 18% Stage-2 and 31% Stage-3 (see Table B: Results). When using only the rate of SCr increment as the classification criterion, 265 (24%) of patients would have been catalogued in the moderate AKI stratum. Of the 117 patients that were reclassified as AKI Stage-3, 36 needed HD, and 81 reached a SCr &amp;gt;4.0 mg/dl. Conclusion The proportion of subjects classified in KDIGO AKI Stage-2 is small but not negligible. We found that Stage-2 individuals show longer hospital stay and increased mortality than Stage-1, and slightly better outcomes than Stage-3; therefore, we consider that an increase in SCr ≥2.0–2.9x from baseline still leads to deleterious consequences. We also observed that possibly KDIGO AKI Stage 3 criteria lead to a skew to classification in the severer stage, (almost half of individuals are reclassified). With these findings, should we prescind of KDIGO Stage-2 in AKI severity classification?

#2724 Renal amyloidosis cohort registry in our health area

Abstract Background and Aims Renal amyloidosis is the pathological phenomenon of amyloid deposition in the kidney with marked differences in renal function impairment, proteinuria, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and exitus, depending on the protein involved. Light chain amyloidosis (AL) and serum protein A (AA) amyloidosis are the most common. Typical symptoms are severe proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and end-stage chronic kidney disease (ESRD). Method Retrospective study of a cohort of patients with renal amyloidosis. Data extracted from the biopsy registry of the HUVM Nephrology Service (2013-2022). We collected demographic, clinical, analytical, histological and clinical outcome variables (RTT, Exitus). Results are analyzed using Mayo Clinic staging criteria. Results 19 patients with a mean age of 63.4a; 57.9% male. Mean laboratory values at diagnosis: creatinine (Cr) 1.56 mg/dl and proteinuria 3.9 g/24 h. Abdominal fat biopsy in 13 cases; 3 (23%) tested positive. Comparative analysis of AL vs non-AL forms, Cr values (1.14 vs 2.27 mg/dl respectively) (p=0.57) differed. Proteinuria according to the histological location of the amyloid: 4.6 g/24 h in glomerular involvement vs. 0.3 g/24 h in those who did not present it (p&amp;lt;0.05). 31.6% required RTT with a mean onset time of 250.6 d from biopsy. Exitus of 21.1%: average time of 426.5 d. (See analysis in attached table). Conclusion We did not observe significant deterioration of renal function, which is greater in non-AL forms of amyloidosis. Fat biopsy was less cost-effective than reported in the literature. Significantly lower levels of proteinuria were found in the amyloidosis group without glomerular involvement. In our series, the prognostic capacity associated with the MAYO staging was confirmed.

Accuracy of Salivary Circulating Tumor Human Papillomavirus DNA in Detecting Oropharyngeal Cancer

Circulating tumor human papillomavirus DNA (ctHPV DNA) has shown potential as a biomarker capable of improving outcomes in patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal (OP) cancer. It can be isolated from plasma or saliva, with the latter offering reduced invasiveness and theoretic reduction of lead time. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the accuracy of salivary ctHPV DNA for detecting HPV-associated OP cancer. Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception through October 2023. All patients who underwent salivary ctHPV DNA testing at presentation for possible or diagnosed HPV-related OP cancer were included. Non-English and review publications were excluded. Two authors independently voted on article inclusion with a third resolving conflicting votes. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines, multiple authors independently abstracted data and assessed bias of included articles. Bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was performed with I2 to assess for study heterogeneity. Sensitivities, specificities, positive likelihood ratios (PLR), negative likelihood ratios (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) with 95% CIs alongside area under the curve (AUC) of a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were calculated. The initial analysis took place throughout December 2023. Of 440 initially identified articles, 6 met inclusion criteria and demonstrated moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 36%) with low risk of bias and low applicability concerns. Overall, 263 total patients were included with a median (range) age of 58 (39-86) years, and 228 (87%) were male patients. Per updated prognostic staging criteria, localized tumors (ie, stages 1 or 2) comprised most cancers at 139 (77%), whereas advanced ones (ie, stages 3 or 4) comprised the remaining 41 (23%). Pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR values were 64% (95% CI, 36%-85%), 89% (95% CI, 46%-99%), 11.70 (95% CI, 0.37-77.00), 1.21 (95% CI, 0.08-7.00), and 139.00 (95% CI, 0.05-837.00), respectively. The AUC of the SROC curve was 0.80. This study supports salivary ctHPV DNA as an acceptably specific test in detecting HPV-associated OP cancer that would benefit from testing in clinical trials prior to real-time implementation.

The role and place of arthroscopy in the early diagnosis of monoarthrosis (literature review)

Background. Knee osteoarthritis is a progressive incurable disease that in severe cases leads to total joint replacement, which requires significant economic costs and medical and social adaptation, has a number of postoperative complications and adverse outcomes. Therefore, special attention has recently been paid to the prevention and treatment of the early stages of the disease. The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic analysis of scientific literature on the prospects and possibilities of using arthroscopy in the early diagnosis of monoarthrosis. Material and methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for 2010–2024 using the following medical subject headings and keywords: “deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “unilateral deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “unilateral osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “gonarthrosis”, “monoarthrosis”, “arthroscopy”, “diagnosis”, “treatment”. If necessary, literature sources beyond the search period were used in some cases. A general search revealed 48 references on the use of arthroscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in the early stages of monoarthrosis. The primary exclusion concerned the literature in which arthroscopy was used for the diagnosis and treatment of late-stage knee osteoarthritis (n = 38). The secondary exclusion included literature sources that contained only background information (summary, figures, references) (n = 12). As a result, only relevant full-text articles in professional journals remained (n = 15). Results. The lack of correlation between clinical symptoms and radiological signs of knee osteoarthritis causes low availability of orthopaedic care: more than 30 % of newly diagnosed patients have a severe stage of the disease, and in some cases the pathology is detected only in connection with the manifestation of complications; the diagnosis of osteoarthritis due to a large percentage of painless development of the disease (40 %) is often established at terminal stages. All of this suggests the need for further research into the various factors that influence the frequency, prevalence, economic and social burden of knee osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy is potentially the gold standard for validating non-invasive assessment methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, as it provides high magnification and direct view of articular cartilage with non-destructive interactive assessment of its structure and functional properties. Arthroscopy allows for a more detailed description of the depth and extent of lesions, as well as the detection of subtle changes such as cartilage softening, fibrillations, and tangential peeling. Clinical symptoms and structural changes in the knee joint elements visualised during arthroscopy in patients with monoarthrosis are covered in a few studies, some of which were published 10 years ago. The results of modern arthroscopic studies can be an important contribution to the development of diagnostic and differential diagnostic criteria for the early stages of monoarthrosis. Conclusions. Based on information and analytical studies of modern scientific literature, it has been found that knee osteoarthritis is accompanied by persistent pain, significant limitation of the lower limb function, and reduced ability to work, which often leads to joint replacement. Diagnosis of osteoarthritis in the early stages is difficult due to the absence of pathognomonic clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters, and in case of monoarthrosis with synovitis, it is complicated by differentiation with specific arthritis of the knee joint. Arthroscopy allows performing the necessary scope of diagnostic and therapeutic measures with verification of the pathological process and determination of gonarthrosis stage.

A machine learning predictive model for recurrence of resected distal cholangiocarcinoma: Development and validation of predictive model using artificial intelligence

IntroductionDistal Cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) represents a challenge in hepatobiliary oncology, that requires nuanced post-resection prognostic modeling. Conventional staging criteria may oversimplify dCCA complexities, prompting the exploration of novel prognostic factors and methodologies, including machine learning algorithms. This study aims to develop a machine learning predictive model for recurrence after resected dCCA. Material and methodsThis retrospective multicentric observational study included patients with dCCA from 13 international centers who underwent curative pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).A LASSO-regularized Cox regression model was used to feature selection, examine the path of the coefficient and create a model to predict recurrence. Internal and external validation and model performance were assessed using the C-index score. Additionally, a web application was developed to enhance the clinical use of the algorithm. ResultsAmong 654 patients, LNR (Lymph Node Ratio) 15, neural invasion, N stage, surgical radicality, and differentiation grade emerged as significant predictors of disease-free survival (DFS). The model showed the best discrimination capacity with a C-index value of 0.8 (CI 95 %, 0.77%–0.86 %) and highlighted LNR15 as the most influential factor. Internal and external validations showed the model's robustness and discriminative ability with an Area Under the Curve of 92.4 % (95 % CI, 88.2%–94.4 %) and 91.5 % (95 % CI, 88.4%–93.5 %), respectively. The predictive model is available at https://imim.shinyapps.io/LassoCholangioca/. ConclusionsThis study pioneers the integration of machine learning into prognostic modeling for dCCA, yielding a robust predictive model for DFS following PD. The tool can provide information to both patients and healthcare providers, enhancing tailored treatments and follow-up.

Predictive performance of two types of urinary biomarkers for renal non-recovery in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a prospective observational study

Background and purposeRenal non-recovery is known to have negative prognostic implications in patients suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI). Nevertheless, the identification of biomarkers for predicting renal non-recovery in sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) within clinical settings remains unresolved. This study aims to evaluate and compare the predictive ability for renal non-recovery, use of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and 30-day mortality after SA-AKI by two urinary biomarkers, namely C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) and [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7].MethodsWe prospectively screened adult patients who met the criteria for AKI stage 2–3 and Sepsis-3.0 in two ICUs from January 2019 to May 2022. Patients who developed new-onset SA-AKI after ICU admission were enrolled and urinary biomarkers including [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] and CCL14 were detected at the time of SA-AKI diagnosis. The primary endpoint was non-recovery from SA-AKI within 7 days. The secondary endpoints were the use of KRT in the ICU and 30-day mortality after SA-AKI. The individual discriminative ability of [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] and CCL14 to predict renal non-recovery were evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).Results141 patients with stage 2–3 SA-AKI were finally included, among whom 54 (38.3%) experienced renal non-recovery. Urinary CCL14 exhibited a higher predictive capability for renal non-recovery compared to [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7], with CCL14 showing an AUC of 0.901, versus an AUC of 0.730 for [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] (P = 0.001). Urinary CCL14 and [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] demonstrated a moderate predictive value for the need for KRT in ICU, with AUC values of 0.794 and 0.725, respectively; The AUC of [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] combined with CCL14 reached up to 0.816. Urinary CCL14 and [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] exhibited poor predictive power for 30-day mortality, with respective AUC values of 0.623 and 0.593.ConclusionUrinary CCL14 had excellent predictive value for renal non-recovery in SA-AKI patients. For predicting the use of KRT in the ICU, the predictive capability of urinary [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] or CCL14 was fair. However, a combination of [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] and CCL14 showed good predictive ability for the use of KRT.