Reduction Stage Research Articles

Sparse deep encoded features with enhanced sinogramic red deer optimization for fault inspection in wafer maps

AbstractDue to the complexity and dynamics of the semiconductor manufacturing processes, wafer bin maps (WBM) present various defect patterns caused by various process faults. The defect type detection on wafer maps provides information about the process and equipment in which the defect occurred. Recently, automatic inspection has played a vital role in meeting the high-throughput demand, especially with deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) which shows promising efficiency. At the same time, the need for a large amount of labeled and balanced datasets limits the performance of such approaches. In addition, complex DCNN in recognition tasks can provide redundant features that cause overfitting and reduce interpretability. In this paper, a new hybrid deep model for wafer map fault detection to get over these challenges is proposed. Firstly, a new convolutional autoencoder (CAE) is employed as a synthetization model to fix the high imbalance problem of the dataset. Secondly, for efficient dimensionality reduction, an embedding procedure is applied to the synthesized maps to get sparse encoded wafer maps by reinforcing a sparsity regularization in an encoder-decoder network to form a sparsity-boosted autoencoder (SBAE). The sparse embedding of wafer maps guarantees more discriminative features with 50% reduction in spatial size compared to the original wafer maps. Then, the 2D encoded sparse maps are converted to 1D sinograms to be fed later into another aggressive feature reduction stage using a new modified red deer algorithm with a new tinkering strategy. The resultant feature pool is reduced to ~ 25 1D feature bases, i.e., ~ 1.5% of the initial size of the 2D wafer maps. Finally, for the prediction stage, a simple 1DCNN model is introduced. The proposed inspection model is tested via different experiments on real-world wafer map dataset (WM-811K). Compared to state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed model outperforms their performance even with small-sized 1D feature pool. The average testing accuracy are 98.77% and 98.8% for 9 and 8 types of faults, respectively.

Optimizing Productive Waqf Management to Achieve Sustainable Development Goal's (Study of the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) Representative of Lampung Province)

This research involves field research using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Subsequently, data analysis was conducted through stages of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity is ensured through source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results showed that the productive waqf managed by BWI Lampung Province is in the form of cash waqf. The management of cash waqf is carried out through three stages: collection, management, and distribution. BWI’s steps in optimizing productive waqf management involve improving BWI’s management, increasing public education about cash waqf, enhancing the use of digital technology, fostering cooperation with various stakeholders, and enhancing the competence of the nazir. Additionally, the contribution of BWI Lampung Province to the SDGs is evident in the achievement of three goals: no hunger, quality education, and decent work and economic growth. Keywords: productive Waqf, sustainable development goal’s, Indonesian Waqf Board

Stimulus Minat Belajar Matematika Menggunakan Media Pembelajaran Audio Visual di Tingkat Sekolah Dasar

This article describes the skills of students in learning mathematics by using media and audio in madrasah/primary schools in Ibtidaiyah. This study aims to determine the use of these communication tools on students' interest in learning mathematics. This research is qualitative research using the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method. Data sources are 10 journal articles indexed by Google Scholar. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of data collection, data reduction, verification, and conclusion drawing. This research was conducted in elementary schools to see the use of audio and digital media in learning mathematics. The results of this study show that audio and video media can increase students' interest in learning mathematics. Students learn math through these two methods compared to traditional teaching methods. The use of audio and digital media can increase students' participation in the learning process. In addition, students can better understand difficult and complex mathematical concepts because of the access provided by both media. The results provide important implications for curriculum development at the Primary level and recommend the inclusion of audio and digital media in mathematics education. This research makes an important contribution to improving the quality of mathematics teaching and students' interest in the course. This research is also expected to provide a reference for developing new interactive teaching methods at the elementary school level.

Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Guru Penggerak Pada Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Dalam Mewujudkan Mutu Pendidikan Di SMP Negeri 5 Kebumen

This study aims to analyze planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating, as well as the effectiveness of Program Guru Penggerak on differentiated learning in improving the quality of education. This type of research uses a qualitative approach method. The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Kebumen, Kebumen District, and Kebumen Regency. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and document studies. Data analysis techniques through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating the Program Guru Penggerak in differentiated learning is based on the competency of the mobilizing teacher in leading learning that is pro-student in the good category; (2) The teacher-driven program on differentiated learning is effective in realizing the quality of education, which is marked by increased student learning outcomes; the results of supervision of learning by the school principal are in the "good" category; and the results of teacher reflection on learning are in the "good" category.

The Role of Financial Digitalization in Eradicating Corruption in Indonesia

Technological advances provide a number of benefits in various sectors, one of which is the financial sector. Technological advances in the financial sector or commonly known as financial digitalization have made data bookkeeping more effective, easily accessible, transparent, and made it easier for employees to carry out financial reports. Based on this, this research aims to analyze the role of financial digitalization in preventing corruption in Indonesia. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, namely describing the meaning of technology, technological developments, the benefits of technology, its relationship with finance, and the benefits of digitalization of technology in preventing corruption in Indonesia. The data used by researchers in this article is secondary data, namely in the form of legislation, scientific articles, books, websites and other things that are usually used in every research. The researchers analyzed these data using the stages of data collection analysis, data reduction, data analysis, and drawing Conclusion. The result in this research show that the presence of financial digitalization at least has benefits in preventing corruption because of its transparency. With the digitalization of financial tenders, financial reporting, and other things that are transparent and do not endanger privacy, they can be accessed easily by all stake holders, supervisors, partner companies, internal company parties, and so on to find out the tender winner, continuity of the tender, until completion of the tender. Apart from that, if suspicious potential for corruption is found, it can be tracked easily. Because of this, anyone who has the intention to commit corruption will be discouraged.

Institutional Study: Collaboration between Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and Madrasah Diniyah

Education at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and Madrasah Diniyah could be more optimal in maximizing students' religious, science, and technology education. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah combines the 2013 and independent curricula, but most teachers and parents consider Islamic learning less in-depth. Meanwhile, Madrasah Diniyah only focuses on religious teaching without including general knowledge. This research analyses the collaboration between Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) and Madrasah Diniyah (Madin). The research method used is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data was obtained through observation, documentation and interviews. Data analysis refers to Miles and Huberman's theory, which involves data reduction, visualization and validation stages. The collaboration between MI Baitul Muttaqin and Madin Baitul Muttaqin involves joint decision-making to shape students' religious character and science and technology abilities through comprehensive learning between religion and science and technology. This collaboration is analyzed using collaborative governance theory, emphasizing shared goals, participation, organizational structure, role division, communication, and evaluation. The impact is comprehensive education of students' religious character and science and technology skills. The obstacles come from differences in the characteristics of Madin and MI educators, but the heads of MI and Madin consider the benefits more. Coordination, intensive communication and improving the qualifications of Madin educators are critical solutions for harmonizing learning. It is also essential to support harmonious family habits at home to achieve comprehensive results.

Carbothermal reduction between MOF-derived carbon and spent battery powder for metal recovery: Thermogravimetric behavior and kinetic analysis

The combined hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical process is an innovative method for recycling spent batteries. This process includes a carbothermic reduction step that reduces the valence of valuable metals in the batteries, facilitating subsequent leaching, which is a crucial stage in the recycling process. Additionally, the use of new carbon materials in electrode materials for ternary lithium batteries, referred to as LIBs, is increasing. These materials typically have high porosity and a large specific surface area. In this study, two types of nanoporous carbon (NC) commonly used in electrodes, namely Al-PCP-800 and ZIF-8–800, were prepared to investigate their effects on the carbothermic reduction stage of recycling spent batteries. The carbothermal reduction reactions of spent LIBs powder mixed with activated carbon and the two types of NC were examined using a thermogravimetric balance (TG/DTG). Kinetic characteristics were calculated in the interval of maximum weight loss rate using five kinetic models: VM, RPM, URCM, KAS, and FWO. The kinetic analysis revealed that the KAS and FWO models, which exhibited higher correlation coefficients, more accurately described the carbothermic reduction reactions. TG analysis showed that the sample mixed with 25 % ZIF-8–800 achieved the lowest temperature at the weight loss peak for the maximum weight loss rate, 769°C at a heating rate of 20 °C/min. Additionally, the reaction activity of NC with the positive material in the spent LIBs powder was stronger than that of activated carbon. Among the models, the sample mixed with 25 % ZIF-8–800 exhibited the lowest activation energies, recorded at 171.83, 28.48, 122.22, 199.49, and 143.45 kJ/mol, respectively. XRD and XPS characterizations of the roasted products from the spent LIBs powder mixed with the three carbon materials at various roasting end temperatures demonstrated that the cathode materials initially decomposed into Mn3O4, NiO, CoO, Li2O, and Li2CO3. At higher temperatures, Mn3O4, NiO, and CoO were further reduced to MnO, pure metallic Co, and pure metallic Ni, respectively. The sample mixed with ZIF-8–800 showed the most substantial reduction of metallic elements, with the relative contents of pure metallic Ni, pure metallic Co, and low-valent Mn elements reaching 5.50 %, 4.41 %, and 71.29 %, respectively, at a final roasting temperature of 800 °C. Therefore, NC demonstrated greater reactivity in the reduction reactions with the cathode material in the spent LIBs powder, ranking in the order of ZIF-8–800 > Al-PCP-800 > activated carbon.

Exploring the Implementation of the Religious Education System in Vocational High Schools: Strategies and Outcomes

This study evaluates the enactment of the Minister of Religion Regulation Number 16 of 2010, focusing on the management of religious education in schools, specifically at SMK Yadika Baturaja. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology, data collection involved observation, interviews, and documentation review. The data underwent stages of reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal compliance with the Regulation, notably article 4, paragraphs (3) and (4), which mandate religious education based on the number of students sharing the same faith. According to these paragraphs, a minimum of 15 students sharing a religion necessitates the provision of religious education at the school, whereas fewer than 15 require collaboration with nearby schools or religious institutions. The study identifies significant obstacles, including the lack of a dedicated Religious Education Laboratory and adequate worship facilities for non-Muslim faiths. Although the implementation of religious education aligns with regulatory requirements, enhancing facilities is essential to better serve each religious community.

Posisi Tawar Perempuan Dalam Rumah Tangga: Studi Kasus Buruh Pabrik di PT. Kayu Lima Sejahtera

Women today must carry out their duties as housewives and must also work to help the family economy. This study aims to analyze the causes of the dual role of women in Anjir Serapat Village, and to determine the position of women who work in their families. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of field research. The research was conducted on female laborers at PT Kayu Lima Sejahtera in Anjir Serapat Tengah Village, East Kapuas District, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results show that women work as laborers to help meet household needs, which has an impact on financial sufficiency and helps create household harmony. However, this does not always have a positive impact, but also has a negative impact on women because they have to feel exhausted due to having to do household chores. Family time is also reduced, which makes their children more independent and able to understand their parents' work, regardless of their young age. This research shows that the existing social construction in society about the role of a good wife only around the domestic can be broken. In the Anjir Serapat Village community, it is women who hold a more dominant public role.

Reinventing the Visuals of Surakarta Style Wayang Purwa: Wayang Creation of Superhero and Anime Characters

Wayang is defined as a performing art that uses Wayang puppets made of leather. As an artefact, Wayang stands as a symbol that connects various cultures throughout the archipelago. However, even though Wayang has succeeded in adapting to the modern era, the reality that is happening now is that Wayang as one of the Indonesian traditional arts is increasingly losing its audience. This article explores the idea of reinventing the visual elements of Wayang Purwa in Wayang creations with superhero and anime characters. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method with the ATUMICS approach to see the strongest visual elements that are maintained. Research data was collected through literature study, observation, and in-depth interviews with the craftsmen and puppeteers of Wayang Kulit Purwa. Data analysis was carried out using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The idea of reinvention provides an opportunity to produce works of art such as Wayang creations so that they can adapt to modernity. The result shows that in reinventing Wayang Purwa into Wayang creations based on superhero and anime characters, the changes occur in utility, concept and shape, while technique, materials and icons are maintained. Thus, this article concludes that in reinventing a cultural artefact, not all elements are changed. There are important elements that are needed to be maintained in order for the modern reinvention to retain the identity posed by the traditional cultural artefact.

Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Bahri (Berkalimah Tayibah Sehari-hari) Berbasis Renderforest tentang Kalimat Tayibah di Sekolah Dasar

Learning in the modern era comes with a lot of progress, many skills that must be possessed by students so as to make teachers more innovative in creating a learning climate, one of which is by utilizing technology in learning. However, the fact shows that most teachers, especially in learning PAI subjects in elementary schools, are still very minimal in involving technology as a learning medium for example learning videos, even though as a teacher should have knowledge and skills about the use of technology to create innovative and fun learning. Therefore, the research and development of Renderforest-based learning videos is expected to be able to help teachers in delivering kalimah tayibah material to grade 3 elementary school students more interestingly and fun so that students can easily understand the material and then students practice it in everyday life. The method used by the researcher is the ADDIE model D&D method which is combined with a Students and teachers can access these learning videos on the YouTube app anytime and anywhere. The use of learning videos in the learning process can increase student motivation and create a fun learning experience.students. The research instruments used are interviews and assessment instruments which are then analyzed through the stages of data collection, data reduction, and data verification. BAHRI (Calimah Tayibah Everyday) learning videos in their use have been able to help teachers in a more interesting teaching process and trigger teachers to continue to innovate by utilizing technology in learning. Students and teachers can access these learning videos on the YouTube app anytime and anywhere. The use of learning videos in the learning process can increase student motivation and create a fun learning experience.

Cultivating Diversity: Multicultural Representation in Collection Development at Tumbuh 2 Elementary School, Yogyakarta

SD Tumbuh 2 prioritizes multiculturalism, necessitating the integration of multicultural values throughout its curriculum, school environment, and library resources. In terms of library services, the development of library collections is fundamental, necessitating the school's diligent engagement in collection development activities to ensure their proper curation and enhancement. Hence, it is imperative to address how multicultural values are infused into the collection development process within the library of SD Tumbuh 2. This research aims to explore the manifestation of multiculturalism values within the collection development practices at Tumbuh 2 Elementary School Library in Yogyakarta. Employing a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, the study focuses on the Tumbuh 2 Elementary School Library as the subject, examining how multiculturalism values are represented in its collection development practices. The research employs a combination of data collection techniques, including non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data analysis follows Miles and Huberman's model, comprising reduction, data display, and verification stages to ensure comprehensive examination and validation of findings.The findings of this study reveal that the collection development practices at Tumbuh 2 Elementary School in Yogyakarta effectively reflect multiculturalism values. These findings underscore the school's commitment to fostering an environment that aligns with its vision and mission, demonstrating a coherent approach to promoting diversity and inclusivity within its educational framework. The portrayal of multiculturalism values in the collection development practices at the library reflects an ethos of inclusivity, characterized by openness and a commitment to fostering dialogue. Furthermore, it embodies humanistic principles, tolerance, democratic ideals emphasizing justice, and egalitarianism, thereby promoting equality within the school community.

Two-pronged feature reduction in spectral clustering with optimized landmark selection

Spectral clustering is widely employed for clustering data points, particularly for non-linear and non-convex structures in high-dimensional spaces. However, it faces challenges due to the high computational cost of eigen decomposition operations and the performance limitations with high-dimensional data. In this paper, we introduce BVA_LSC, a novel spectral clustering algorithm designed to address these challenges. Firstly, we incorporate an advanced feature reduction stage utilizing Barnes-Hut t-SNE and a deep Variational Autoencoder (VAE) to efficiently reduce the dimensionality of the data, thereby accelerating eigen decomposition. Secondly, we propose an adaptive landmark selection strategy that combines the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with a novel objective function and K-harmonic means clustering. This strategy dynamically determines an optimal number of landmarks, enhancing the representativeness of the data and reducing the size of the similarity matrix. We assess the performance of our algorithm on various standard datasets, demonstrating its superiority over state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

PHILOSOPHICAL VALUE OF SUMANGET KA-SUMEDANGAN IN EFFORTS TO DEVELOP STUDENTS' CHARACTER IN SUMEDANG REGENCY

The cultivation of local culture and wisdom is important as an effort to minimize the impact of globalization on elementary school students. Sumanget Ka-Sumedang is one of the cultural heritages in the form of ideas or concepts from the Sumedang regency. This research would to analyze the philosophical value of Sumanget Ka-sumedangan in an effort to instill the character of students in Sumedang Regency. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data collection techniques in this study used interview techniques, observation, literature study, and documentation study. This research employs qualitative data analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that out of the 7 schools examined in the study, one school implemented a program oriented towards the philosophical values of Sumanget Ka-Sumedang comprehensively. Other schools carried out activity programs without being based on Sumanget Ka-Sumedang, although there were still aspects of character value development present. The predominant types of activities chosen for implementation were through habituation and school culture. Philosophically, Sumanget Ka-Sumedang portrays the ideal Sumedang community, where individuals possess traits such as optimism, critical thinking, spiritual integrity, discipline, intelligence, politeness, and patience. Despite its longstanding existence, Sumanget Ka-Sumedang remains relevant to the challenges faced by the community today. The implementation of activity programs in educational units oriented to the philosophical values of Sumanget Ka-Sumedangan is the right way to instill the character of students.

IMPLEMENTASI ASSESMEN KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI SD NEGERI 03 PONTIANAK SELATAN

This research aims to describe the implementation of Independent Curriculum Assessment at SD Negeri 03 Pontianak Selatan. The research method applied is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The tools which is used to collect data are interview sheets, questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used is according to Miles and Hubermen with stages of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the research results, information was obtained that 1) The assessment planning carried out in schools is: a) The teacher analyzes Learning Achievements (CP) and determines the Learning Goal Flow (ATP) together, b) The teacher determines the Learning Goals and adjusts them to the students' abilities , c) The teacher determines the type of assessment and arranges the implementation schedule. 2) diagnostic assessments are carried out at the beginning of the semester, formative assessments at the end of learning and summative assessments after completing a particular topic or material. 3) 60% of teachers have used the assessment results to improve the learning process. 4) the assessment carried out influences the results of the school education report card. Literacy achievement increased by 16.57 from 83.33 to 100. Meanwhile, the numeracy component achievement experienced a significant increase of 36.67 from 63.33 to 100.

Manajemen Pembiayaan Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Layanan Pendidikan di SMK Al-Huda Kota Kediri

The purpose of this study is to find out how to plan financing management, implement financing management, evaluate financing management and understand the role of financing management in improving the quality of educational services. This study used a qualitative approach using a type of descriptive research. Data collection techniques carried out are by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques with data reduction stages, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study show that: 1) financing management is planned at the beginning of the new learning year by making proposals for budget activities called the School Budget Activity Plan (RKAS). 2) The implementation of financing management activities is divided into two, namely revenue and expenditure. 3) The evaluation process of education financing management is carried out as evidenced by a spending note. The supervision process is carried out through the SIPLAH application by the school operator and supervised by the Foundation. 4) The role of financing management is as a source to provide services for school residents and for learners to meet needs.

Exact Computing Multiplier Design using 5-to-3 Counters for Image Processing

This work presents a novel approach to improve the area and energy efficiency of 5:3 counter, a key element used in digital arithmetic. To provide an effective substitute for addition operations, mostly in the partial product reduction stage of larger multipliers, this study suggests a new 5:3 counter. The Input Shuffling Unit (ISU) is employed within the proposed 5:3 counter to minimize gate-level implementation and path delay during partial product reduction in 16-bit and larger multipliers, thereby enhancing area and energy efficiency. Consequently, there are 84% fewer choices of input-output combinations, thereby decreasing the circuit complexity with respect to area and energy usage. When compared to its existing counterparts, the suggested 5:3 compressor improves area utilization and energy usage by an average of 11%, 17%, and 17% in 8-, 16-, and 32-bit multipliers, respectively. The results of simulations demonstrate the superiority of our method over traditional designs, providing an increase in both area and energy efficiency. These results highlight the applicability and scalability of our method, which is appropriate for a variety of applications such as embedded systems and digital signal processing.

Analisis Pemahaman Kebijakan Hukum Terhadap Bullying dalam Pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

This study aims to find out the understanding of legal policies on bullying in education in junior high schools. This research is an analysis of the study of policies that regulate bullying. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive based on research sources and the development of experts and legal experts. All data collected is data derived from the results of expert analysis that is developed and adapted to the current situation. The data analysis process used is qualitative data analysis with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of data analysis show that children's development without strong monitoring and assistance will result in children easily falling or being affected by self-motivation without any boundaries that they understand and fear. Children in the immature category without sufficient experience will be able to feel okay by committing bullying behavior. The lack of understanding of students and children towards the provisions and policies of the law that regulates bullying makes children or students feel uncontrolled in committing bullying or as a victim of bullying

ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM TEXTILE INDUSTRIES IN MAJALAYA, WEST JAVA

The competitiveness of the textile industry is determined by the implementation of knowledge management. Therefore, this research aimed to describe and analyze the implementation of knowledge management in small and medium (SMEs) textile industry in Majalaya, West Java. An exploratory descriptive design was used with an inductive approach and qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out through interviews and observations, while the analysis was conducted through stages of data reduction, display, and conclusion. The results showed that SMEs textile industry in Majalaya, West Java did not implement knowledge management optimally. There were three internal problems, namely the low skill level of the workforce, low mastery of technology, and weak learning culture. The impact of the problem was the high dependence on the knowledge of the owner and supervisor, the occurrence of hostages between the owner, supervisor, and employees, and labor practices causing companies to lose potential workforce. In this context, the implementation of knowledge management experienced obstacles, such as lack of management and leadership support, weak learning culture, low mastery of information technology, limited technological infrastructure, lack of adequate training and education practices, and human resource management practices.

Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Syariah terhadap Transaksi Paylater pada E-Commerce Shopee

Shopee PayLater is Shopee's newest payment method that is easily accessible on smartphones via the internet by Shopee users. The Shopee PayLater payment method offers to active Shopee users. It aims to provide convenience for buyers in the form of loans with low interest rates. However, even though Shopee claims tousers must pay. Shopee also penalizes fines for late payments after maturity. The formulation of the problem in this study includes, how is the mechanism for buying and selling using the PayLater method on the Shopee application? and How is the review of sharia economic law on buying and selling using the PayLater method on the Shopee application? So this study aims to determine the mechanism of buying and selling transactions using PayLater in the Shopee application and to find out the review of sharia economic law on PayLater transactions in the Shopee application. This research is included in the type of qualitative research with data collection techniques used, namely interviews, observation, and documentation. From this data is analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, then conclusions. Based on the results of this study, it was found that in the Shopee PayLater payment method, usury was indicated because from the beginning of the agreement, Shopee set installment interest and penalties to compensate for late payments.