Lifting Stage Research Articles

Research on the Design of Multi-Rope Friction Hoisting System of Vertical Shaft Gravity Energy Storage System

Renewable energy generation methods such as wind power and photovoltaic power have problems of randomness, intermittency, and volatility. Gravity energy storage technology can realize the stable and controllable conversion of gravity potential energy and electric energy by lifting and lowering heavy loads. The hoisting system is an important component of a gravity energy storage system, and its lifting capacity and speed seriously restrict its energy storage capacity, energy conversion efficiency, and operational safety and reliability. In this paper, a design method for a multi-rope friction hoisting system of a vertical shaft gravity energy storage system is proposed. The parameter design and calculation of the hoisting rope, balance rope, and friction wheel of the friction hoisting system under typical conditions were carried out. The static and dynamic anti-slip capabilities of the friction hoisting system under the typical condition were explored. The results show that the maximum acceleration and deceleration speed of the compacted strand wire rope scheme is the largest, and the lifting and lowering time is the shortest. The maximum acceleration and deceleration speed of the triangular strand wire rope scheme is the lowest, and the lifting and lowering time is the longest. The dynamic tension of the hoisting rope at the heavy-load end is positively correlated with the acceleration, and the maximum value occurs in the accelerated lifting stage and decelerated lowering stage of the heavy load. The static anti-slip safety factor between the hoisting rope and the friction lining and the specific pressure between the hoisting rope and the friction lining comply with the requirements of China’s Safety Regulations for Coal Mines. The dynamic anti-slip safety factor of the hoisting system under different rope selection schemes is greater than the minimum value of 1.25 stipulated in the Safety Regulations for Metal and Nonmetal Mines. The research results are of great significance for the safety, reliability, and stable and efficient energy storage of a gravity energy storage system.

Kinematic characteristics analysis of highly difficult movements "324C+1D" of the first level Wushu athletes

Background "324C+1D” movements are key techniques and winning factors in Wushu competitions. It is necessary for scientific training to analyze the kinematic characteristics of “324C+1D” by using the method of sports biomechanics. Methods In this study, 3D high-speed camera and 3D motion analysis software were used to study “324C+1D” completed by three Chinese wushu first-level athletes, and the kinematic characteristics of this movement were obtained. Results The run-up speed of completing the “324C+1D” is not high; The lift Angle of the center of gravity is close to 90°. The vertical height of the center of gravity is significantly higher than the vertical height of the center of gravity when landing, and the vertical moving distance of the center of gravity in the lifting stage is significantly less than the vertical moving distance of the center of gravity in the descending stage. The vertical height of the center of gravity at departure is significantly higher than that at landing. Conclusions In the take-off stage, increase the twisting Angle of shoulders and hips, speed up the swing arm speed and squat speed of the center of gravity in the vertical direction, and shorten the take-off time. Increase the vertical speed of the center of gravity before the patting foot and the vertical moving distance between the center of gravity lifting stage and the descending stage, extend the air time, accelerate the swing speed of the right leg, move the foot patting time forward to the rapid rising stage of the center of gravity lifting, accelerate the rotational angular speed of the shoulder shaft in the air stage and improve the strength of the leg, which is conducive to the athletes to complete the movement.

Analysis of the Temperature Effect During the Lifting Stage of The Main Arch Ring of The Strong Skeleton

In this paper, a finite element model of the main arch ring of the strong skeleton is developed in order to analyse the stress and deflection response of the strong skeleton under the action of uniform temperature during the lifting stage. Uniform temperature action was found to have a significant effect on the stresses and deflections of rigid skeletal stringers. The effect of the huddle on the stress and deflection of the skeleton at the non-design reference temperature was further investigated, and the results showed that the changes of the stress and deflection of the skeleton were directly proportional to the relative temperature difference (the difference between the huddle temperature and the design reference temperature).In addition, a reasonable value for the jointing temperature was analysed, and it was suggested that a value of 2℃slightly lower than the average annual temperature be used as the jointing temperature.

A comparative study on kinetics and dynamics of two dump truck lifting mechanisms using MATLAB simscape

In this paper, two lifting mechanism models with opposing placements, which use the same hydraulic hoist model and have the same angle of 50°, have been developed. The mechanical and hydraulic simulation models are established using MATLAB Simscape to analyze their kinetics and dynamics in the lifting and holding stages. The simulation findings are compared to the analytical calculation results in the steady state, and both methods show good agreement. In the early lifting stage, Model 1 produces greater force and discharges goods in the container faster than Model 2. Meanwhile, Model 2 reaches a higher force and ejects goods from the container cleaner than its counterpart at the end lifting stage. The established simulation models can consider the effects of dynamic loads due to inertial moments and forces generated during the system operation. It is crucial in studying, designing, and optimizing the structure of hydraulic-mechanical systems.

Research on the dynamics of a heavy mechanized bridge in the deployment phase of the lifting frame

This article presents a dynamic model of the TMM-3M heavy mechanized bridge during the frame lifting stage, which is driven by a hydraulic system, constituting the initial phase of the bridge erection process. The model is constructed as a multi-body dynamic system, taking into account the elastic deformation of the rear outriggers, front tires, and front suspension system. The research model integrates a mechanical system controlled by hydraulic cylinders, with pressure being considered as a variable reacting to external loads during the system's operation. Lagrangian equations of the second kind are utilized to establish a system of differential equations describing the oscillations of the system and form the basis for investigating the dynamics of the frame lifting process. The system of differential equations is solved numerically using MATLAB simulation software based on the Runge-Kutta algorithm. The study has revealed laws regarding the displacement and velocity of components within the system, evaluating the stability of the TMM-3M heavy mechanized bridge during operation. This research paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of the working process of the TMM-3M heavy mechanized bridge, aiming for practical improvements to minimize deployment or retrieval time, reduce the number of deployment team members, enhance the automation of the operation process to reduce the workload for operators

Simulation of bridge steel structure construction process based on BIM technology

Abstract With the rapid development of computer technology and information technology, bridge engineering is gradually transformed into information technology, and bridge BIM design technology is increasingly concern by the industry. This paper uses BIM technology to simulate the construction process of bridge steel structures. In order to solve the problem that the first model of BIM is too complicated, this paper utilizes the edge folding algorithm and quadratic error metric to refold the model and establish the new vertex coordinates, and at the same time, introduces the folding cost function to maintain the model characteristics. In the simulation experiments of the bridge structure construction, stress changes of the main girder of the bridge body are analyzed in various merging states. When the fitting error is +15mm, +25mm, and +35mm, the stress on the upper edge of the main girder near the top of the pier increases by 0.24MPa, 0.52MPa, and 0.78MPa, respectively, for the selection of materials and the prediction of construction and assembly parameters, in which the length of the steel girder N1 is accurate to the millimeters, which is 39940mm, and the single piece weighs 9,532.5kg. To prevent collision and interference with the bridge pier, the crane should be raised at a height of not less than 6.6m during the lifting stage. It can be seen that BIM technology can not only simulate and predict non-geometric factors such as the materials used but also simulate the margin of error and the bridge stresses as a way to help bridge projects on the ground.

Experimental study on ignition and blowout characteristics of dual combined flame stabilizers in scramjet

The ignition and blowout characteristics have a significant impact on the performance and operating limit of the scramjet. In this study, direct-connected ground tests of a typical scramjet combustor have been conducted to simulate the high-altitude flight condition of Mach 6. The incoming air has a total temperature of 1689 K and a dynamic pressure of 30 kPa. The ignition and blowout characteristics of the dual strut/cavity combined flame stabilizers in the scramjet are obtained. The immediate response of pressure at key positions is used to analyze the forward propagation characteristics of pressure during the ignition process and the pressure variation during the flame blowout process. The flame distribution and temperature variation during the ignition and blowout processes are obtained by high-speed photography, OH⁎ spontaneous radiation photography, spectrometer and multispectral imaging equipment. Results indicate that the process from local ignition to global ignition successfully has durations lasting for hundreds of milliseconds, comprising four stages with two pressure lift stages. The flame diffusing forward and upstream cavity igniting successfully are the main processes, constituting 60% and 30% of the duration, respectively. During the ignition process, the pressure response time of the two-stage cavity differs by several milliseconds. And the flame is transmitted forward to the upstream cavity through combustor walls. As the ignition process progresses under high equivalent ratio (ER) conditions, flame stabilization mode shifts from stabilizing flame in the recirculation zone of the cavity to stabilizing flame in the shear layer of the strut. Upon completion of global ignition, the flame temperature at the shear layer of the cavity upstream exceeds 2700 K, but decreases to 2125 K as the core reaction zone is shifted from the top of the strut to the tail and bottom of the cavity when the ER decreases. Two pressure drops occur during the flame blowout process, and the critical ER of the global blowout is approximately 0.33. The primary shear layer flame is blown out during the first pressure drop, and the intensity of the cavity flame decreases. Finally, the second pressure drop occurs as the flame in the cavity moves downstream and extinguishes.

Research on Bucket Loading Resistance Based on Discrete Element Method

Shovel loading resistance is the reaction force of the material on the bucket during the shovel loading process, which contains two parts: the resistance of the bucket insertion stage and the resistance of the lifting stage. The resistance of shovel loading has a great influence on the loading efficiency, so it is important to carry out resistance research. Based on the discrete element theory, this paper applies EDEM software to establish a simulation model of the loading process and realise the simulation of the forward and reverse shovel loading process. Through the simulation, the mechanical characteristics of the shovelling operation are visually analysed, and the obstructing effect of the material on the bucket is clarified; the shovelling resistance of the key parts of the bucket at different stages of the shovelling process is specifically analysed, and the parts where the peak shovelling resistance is located and the stages where it is located are identified. The influence of the shovel angle on the resistance is also analysed.

Multi-Flexible Body Dynamics Modeling and Experimental Study of the Patient Rehabilitation Transfer Device.

Objectives The patient rehabilitation transfer device is a typical personnel transfer equipment, which is mainly composed of outriggers, support arm, lifting arms, hooks, handrails, hydraulic cylinders, and other components. The existing research on the device is mainly focused on the configuration design and transfer mode, and the research on its dynamic characteristics during the transfer process has not been thoroughly discussed. Methodology. Based on the existing research, a portable hydraulic rehabilitation patient transfer device has been developed. Then the multi-rigid body dynamic and finite element flexible body models were established. Next, the dynamic characteristic difference between the two models of the device was studied. Results As shown in the results, the finite element multi-flexible body model has obvious flexible vibration in the lifting stage, and the amplitude reaches 16 mm in the motion startup stage due to the influence of rigid-flexible coupling. The tip acceleration of the flexible body model was also influenced by the vibration, and the maximum acceleration value reaches 0.06 m/s2. According to the test results, the maximum acceleration of the terminal reaches 0.05 m/s2, which is close to the finite-element multi-flexible model simulation results. The experimentally measured natural frequency of the device is 3.1 Hz, which is also close to 3.2 Hz calculated by the simulation. Because the flexible component in the flexible model is only the lift arm, the natural frequency is slightly larger than the experimental value. Conclusion According to the stress value of the finite element multi-body model motion process, the maximum stress appears at the moment when the motion reaches the top end, and the instantaneous stress reaches 206 Mpa, which is in line with the allowable stress range of the material design. The data obtained in this study will provide help for the follow-up clinical rehabilitation and intelligent device research.

Multi-Mode Compact Microscopy for High-Contrast and High-Resolution Imaging

We report a multi-mode compact microscope (MCM) for high-contrast and high-resolution imaging. The MCM consists of two LED illuminations, a magnification lens, a lift stage, and a housing with image processing and LED control boards. The MCM allows multi-modal imaging, including reflection, transmission, and higher magnification modes. The dual illuminations also provide high-contrast imaging of various targets such as biological samples and microcircuits. The high dynamic range (HDR) imaging reconstruction of MCM increases the dynamic range of the acquired images by 1.36 times. The microlens array (MLA)-assisted MCM also improves image resolution through the magnified virtual image of MLA. The MLA-assisted MCM successfully provides a clear, magnified image by integrating a pinhole mask to prevent image overlap without additional alignment. The magnification of MLA-assisted MCM was increased by 3.92 times compared with that of MCM, and the higher magnification mode demonstrates the image resolution of 2.46 μm. The compact portable microscope can provide a new platform for defect inspection or disease detection on site.

Theories, technologies and practices of lacustrine shale oil exploration and development: A case study of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

As the main factors affecting stable and high production and the production regularity of lacustrine shale oil are unclear, the theoretical understandings, key exploration and development technologies, development effect and production regularity of lacustrine shale oil have been analyzed and summarized based on 700 m cores taken systematically from Paleogene Kong 2 Member of 4 wells in Cangdong sag, over 100 000 analysis data and formation testing data. Three theoretical understandings on shale oil enrichment and high production have been reached: (1) High-quality shale with “three highs and one low” is the material base for shale oil enrichment. (2) Medium—slightly high thermal evolution degree is the favorable condition for shale oil enrichment. (3) Laminar felsic shale is the optimal shale layer for oil enrichment in semi-deep lake facies. Key exploration and development technologies such as shale oil enrichment layer and area evaluation and prediction, horizontal well pattern layout, shale oil reservoir fracturing, optimization of shale oil production regime have been established to support high and stable shale oil production. Under the guidance of these theoretical understandings and technologies, shale oil in Cangdong sag has achieved high and stable production, and 4 of them had the highest production of over 100 tons a day during formation testing. In particular, Well GY5-1-1L had a daily oil production of 208 m3. By April, 2022, the 28 wells combined have a stable oil production of 300–350 tons a day, and have produced 17.8×104 t of oil cumulatively. It is found that the shale oil production of horizontal well declines exponentially in natural flow stage, and declines in step pattern and then tends stable in the artificial lift stage. Proportion of light hydrocarbons in produced shale oil is in positive correlation with daily oil production and decreases regularly during production test.

The Influence of Needle Eccentric Motion on Hole-to-Hole Injection Characteristics of a Two-Layered Eight-Hole Diesel Injector

Abstract The stringent emission regulations diesel engines are required to meet have resulted in the usage of multihole and ultramultihole injectors, nowadays. In this research study, a double-layered eight-hole diesel injection nozzle was investigated both numerically and experimentally. A three-dimensional model of the nozzle which was validated with experimental results was used to analyze the injection characteristics of each hole. The validation was conducted by comparing experiment and simulation injection rate results, acquired simultaneously from all the holes of the injector and the model. The fuel flow rates of the lower layered holes are higher than those of the upper layered holes. Two different needle eccentricity models were established. The first model only included the lateral displacement of the needle during needle lift. The needle reached maximum displacement at full needle lift. The second model considered the needle inelastic deformation into consideration. The needle radially displaces and glides along with the needle seat surface during needle lift. When the eccentricity reached a maximum in the radial direction, the needle began to lift upward vertically. The differences in injection characteristics under the different eccentricity models were apparent. The results indicated that the cycle injection quantity, fuel injection rate, and cavitation of each hole were affected during the initial lifting stages of the needle lift. As the eccentricity of the needle increases, the injection rate uniformity from the nozzle hole deteriorates. The result showed that the upper layered holes were affected by the needle eccentricity during needle lift.

Feature transfer method for infrared and visible image fusion via fuzzy lifting scheme

To reserve or enhance the integrity of regional heterogeneous features, a feature transfer image fusion method based on Fuzzy lifting (FTF) is proposed, which includes a fuzzy lifting stage, a feature transfter process and a new reference composite feature evaluation index. Different from traditional fusion methods which usually adopts an undifferentiated representation and a global unified fusion method for the original image, as for the infrared and visible image fusion, imaging characteristics and visual interest features at different physical locations are different, so the important local features on each images may be lost or weaken during the fusion process. The above problems can be solved by proposed FTF method from two aspects. Firstly, in the fuzzy lifting stage, the Fourth order Partial Differential Equation (FPDE) and fuzzy region rules are crossly performed to remove redundant information and highlight the main features of the region. Secondly, a feature transfer model is established to perform a more efficient feature transfer on the lifted feature map. Besides, considering the shortcomings of existing indexes in feature description, a new ComPosite Feature metric (CPF) for fused images are also proposed. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made between the FTF method and other eight state-of-art methods on TNO image fusion dataset. The experimental results show that the salient thermal radiation targets and clear visible details can be represented by the final fused images, which is conducive to the monitoring and analysis. In summary, the proposed FTF method is more effective, and has better ability to catch most of the salient feature from source images than that of state-of-art methods.

Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation of Hoisting Wire Rope and Its Stress Analysis

As a key component of the hoisting system of the crane, the steel wire rope will bear a variety of loading actions such as stretching, bending, vibration and impact in the process of traction hoisting. Therefore, it is important to determinate the dynamic characteristics of the steel wire rope under complex loads and understand the stress-strain state to predict the risk of hoisting operation in advance. This article takes the bridge crane as the engineering background, first, a dynamic model of a steel wire rope lifting system based on ADAMS/Cable was established, and the dynamic stress spectrum of the steel wire rope during the lifting process was calculated and obtained. Secondly, by establishing the geometric model and finite element model of the wire rope, the tensile stress and wire displacement distribution of the wire rope and the contact stress between the wire rope and the pulley and the wires inside the wire rope are analyzed during the lifting process of the crane. The final results show that the instantaneous acceleration of the steel wire rope increases the maximum tensile stress of the steel wire rope by 37% compared with the stable lifting stage at the instant of starting the steel wire rope, causes an increase in the stress amplitude of the wire rope cross section, and the lifting process of the steel wire rope is accompanied by unstable vibration loads. The analysis found that the outermost cross-section of the steel wire rope's outer strand was subjected to the greatest stress, and its local maximum tensile stress amplitude was increased by 56% compared to the stable lifting stage. The contact stress generated by the contact between the steel wire rope and the pulley causes contact wear on the external and internal strands of the steel wire rope, and promotes fatigue fracture of the steel wire rope.

Deformation of beam structures in an internal explosion

The paper considers the deformation of a hinged beam exposed to the action of an explosive load at the initial stage of an internal explosion, when the excess pressure increases according to the third degree of time. With this law of load change, the rate of its increases all the time, which leads to an increase in dynamism. Analytical expressions are obtained for the deformation value and its velocity, both at the growth stage and at the pressure drop. The case of transition of elastic deformation to plastic deformation both at the stage of load growth and decline is considered. The decline was approximated by a linear function of the start time of the decline. Calculations have shown that the deformation rate increases significantly towards the end of the lifting stage. If plastic deformation occurs at the stage of lifting close to its end, the coefficient of plasticity is close to 10 or more. If plastic deformation occurs at the stage of decline, the coefficient of plasticity varies between 1.4÷2.

Deformation Mechanism and Vertical Sealing Capacity of Fault in the Mudstone Caprock

The petrophysical property of mudstone often transforms from ductile to brittle in the process of burial-uplift. The deformation mechanism of fault in brittle and ductile mudstone caprock is different, which leads to the formation of different types of fault zone structure. Different methods are required to evaluate the sealing mechanism of those fault zones. Based on the caprock deformation mechanism, fault sealing mechanism, quantitative evaluation method of vertical fault sealing capacity is put forward in this study. Clay smear is formed in the process of plastic deformation and its continuity controls the sealing capacity of fault. The outcrop and oil field data have confirmed that when sealing parameter SSF is less than 4-7, the clay smear becomes discontinuous and then oil and gas go through the caprock and migrate vertically. Quantities of fractures are formed in mudstone in the process of brittle deformation. The fracture density increases with the increase of the fault displacement. When the fractures are connected, oil and gas go through the caprock and migrate vertically. The connectivity of fault depends on the displacement and the thickness of caprock. On the basis of the above, a method is put forward to quantify the connectivity of fault with the juxtaposition thickness of caprock after faulting. The research on the juxtaposition thickness of caprock after faulting of the member Ⅱ of Dongying Formation in Nanpu depression and the distribution of oil and gas indicates when the juxtaposition thickness of caprock is less than 96.2 m, the fault becomes leaking vertically. In the lifting stage, with the releasing and unloading of the stress, the caprock becomes brittle generally and then forms through going fault which will lead to a large quantity of oil and gas migrate vertically.

A coaxiality measurement method by using three capacitive sensors

This paper describes a method of determining the coaxiality errors between suspended coil and outer magnet yoke by using three capacitive sensors. The coaxiality error sources including the cylindrical error of the outer yoke of the magnet, the movement trajectory straightness error of the lifting stage and the tilt error of the suspended coil are identified. Three capacitive sensors are used to measure the coaxiality eccentric errors. The theoretical model and the mathematical relationship between the outputs of three capacitive sensors and the coaxiality errors are established. The method has an advantage that the third radial redundancy sensor can be used to eliminate the influence of the form and the size. And the experiments are conducted to measure the coaxiality errors.

Steel hybrid onshore wind towers installed with minimal effort: Development of lifting process

The total costs per produced kilowatt-hour for wind turbines depend significantly on the investment costs. Thereby, the tower is a relevant cost component, which depends on the chosen supporting structure, the material, and especially on the erection process. Here, an innovative erection process is presented in order to minimize the wind turbine installation, which leads to excluding the extra tall cranes for installing the wind turbines with hub heights over 180 m. In order to propose the innovative erection process, a new hybrid lattice/tubular supporting structure for the onshore wind turbines is designed. The connection component between the tubular part and lattice structure is proposed considering the support functionality for the new erection process. Furthermore, the building steps of the complete erection process are explained. The operational and the lifting loads on wind turbine supporting structure are estimated, and consequently, the erection process stages were analyzed. Finally, the finite element simulation are performed to specify the critical stresses in subcomponents of the supporting structure in each lifting stage and to show the feasibility of the erection process. Moreover, the most critical points and the stages are investigated and stress level in the supporting structure components is computed.

Integrated management of gladiolus wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli

For the integrated management of gladiolus Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli (Fog), six fungicides: Carbendazim, tabuconazole, blitox, aureofungin, mancozeb and Captan, and four botanicals-Azadirachtin, Garlic extract, Neem oil and Karanj oil, and two local isolates of biocontrol agents-Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride were evaluated in vitro and in various combinations in pots and field. Carbendazim inhibited the maximum 88.9% mycelial growth of Fog at 1000 ppm while azadirachtin effectively inhibited the growth of Fog (74.4%) at 0.2% concentration. The reduction in colony growth of Fog was observed (45.5%) by fungal bioagent T. harzianum. In pot and field experiments, combination of Carbendazim + T. harzianum + Azadirachtin as corm treatment was found most effective to manage the Fusarium wilt of gladiolus with maximum reduction in per cent mortality at 150 DAS (8.3% and 12.7% pot and field respectively). This has resulted highest c.f.u. of T. harzianum (82.8 × 105 and 87.9 × 105 c.f.u./g of soil) in corm treated with combination of Carbendazim + T. harzianum + Azadirachtin at corm lifting stage i.e. 150 DAS and seems quite feasible and economical for management of Fog in farmer's fields.

Evaluación de la relación entre dos medidas zoométricas en gallinas ponedoras en etapa de levante

Cada una de las etapas de la vida de una gallina ponedora, es de vital importancia para obtener un excelente rendimiento en la producción de huevos y que el productor obtenga así un negocio rentable. No es la excepción la etapa de levante en la cual se observa el mayor desarrollo corporal y crecimiento de la pollita, por ende es de vital importancia evaluar la relación entre el peso (P) y longitud del metatarso (LT), el presente estudio se llevó a cabo en pollitas Lohman White y Lohman Brown de un día de edad hasta las dieciséis semanas., cada semana se asistió al galpón a realizar el pesaje y medición de metatarsos, con una báscula digital y un vernier, para posteriormente llevar el registro de cada uno de los datos, las variables dependiente (P) e independiente (LT) fueron evaluadas por medio de los procedimientos estadísticos, regresión lineal simple y coeficiente de correlación, al determinar la ecuación de correlación en las aves Lohman White, se obtuvo un resultado de 0.95 entre ambas variables y en las aves Lohman Brown, se obtuvo un resultado de 0.93, lo que indica que existe una correlación positiva, pues la LT contribuye explícitamente a explicar el incremento de P del ave. Fue posible calcular que por cada centímetro de LT se espera un incremento de P que varía entre 60 y 73 gramos aproximadamente en pollitas Lohman White y Brown respectivamente,por lo que la LT se encuentra altamente correlacionada con el incremento del P de las aves de postura en etapa de levante.